This is a list of Indigenous peoples who speak, or historically spoke, the Lushootseed language. Lushootseed-speaking groups were traditionally politically autonomous at the local, or village, level, so there is no one term to unite all Lushootseed-speaking peoples.[1] Words like (dxʷ)ləšucid ʔacʔaciɬtalbixʷ or ʔacʔaciɬtalbixʷ kʷi gʷədxʷləšucideb (lit. "Lushootseed peoples" or "Peoples who speak Lushootseed") are sometimes used in modern times.[2] Sometimes, anthropologists have grouped all Lushootseed-speaking peoples together as the "Lushootseed people."[3] All historically-attested extended village groups or bands are listed, grouped by modern-day tribal units, sub-units, and further sub-units.

Northern Lushootseed

Northern Lushootseed (dxʷləšucid)[4] is spoken by peoples living generally in Island, Skagit, Snohomish, and parts of Whatcom counties. Northern Lushootseed-speaking communities include:

Southern Lushootseed

Southern Lushootseed, otherwise known as Twulshootseed (txʷəlšucid)[7] is spoken by the various peoples, historical and contemporary, located in King, Pierce, Thurston, Mason, and Kitsap counties. Southern Lushootseed communities include:

Whulshootseed

Whulshootseed (xʷəlšucid) refers to the large subdialect of Southern Lushootseed spoken by the Snoqualmie and Muckleshoot peoples.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Collins, June M. (1974). Valley of the Spirits: The Upper Skagit Indians of Western Washington.
  2. ^ Waterman, T.T. (2001). sdaʔdaʔ gʷəɬ dibəɬ ləšucid ʔacaciɬtalbixʷ - Puget Sound Geographical Names. Seattle: Lushootseed Press.
  3. ^ Miller, Jay (1997). "Back to Basics: Chiefdoms in Puget Sound". Ethnohistory. 44 (2): 375–387. doi:10.2307/483373. ISSN 0014-1801.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; Hilbert, Vi (1994). Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97323-4.
  5. ^ Richardson, Allan; Galloway, Brent (2011). Nooksack Place Names: Geography, Culture, and Language. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  6. ^ a b "Sauk-Suiattle - Index". sauk-suiattle.com. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  7. ^ "Puyallup Tribal Language - Home". www.puyalluptriballanguage.org. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  8. ^ "The Suquamish Tribe – Home of the Suquamish People". Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c Smith, Marian W. (1941). "The Coast Salish of Puget Sound". American Anthropologist. 43 (2): 197–211 – via JSTOR.
  10. ^ Hutchinson, Chase (March 1, 2021). "Estuary has new name, honoring tribe; you'll need to watch a video to pronounce it". The News Tribune. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  11. ^ ":: Nisqually Indian Tribe Home Page". www.nisqually-nsn.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Who We Are – Squaxin Island Tribe". Retrieved September 24, 2023.
  13. ^ a b c Tollefson, Kenneth D. (1987). "The Snoqualmie: A Puget Sound Chiefdom". Ethnology. 26 (2): 124 – via JSTOR.
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