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((short description|List of Nazi extermination camps and euthanasia centers))
The [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] murdered their victims at a wide variety of sites, including vehicles, houses, hospitals, fields, [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]] and purpose-built [[extermination camps]]. The six major extermination camps and eight major [[Aktion T4|euthanasia extermination centers]] are listed here.<ref>((cite web |title=The Nazi Extermination Camps |url=https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/resource_center/item.asp?gate=2-32 |website=Yad Vashem - The World Holocaust Remembrance Center |publisher=Yad Vashem |accessdate=14 July 2020))</ref>

==Extermination camps==
During the [[Final Solution]] of the [[Holocaust]], Nazi Germany created six extermination camps to carry out the systematic genocide of the Jews in German-occupied Europe. All the camps were located in the [[General Government]] area of [[German-occupied Poland]], with the exception of Chelmno, which was located in the [[Reichsgau Wartheland]] of German-occupied Poland. 
* [[Chełmno extermination camp|Chelmno]] (December((nbsp))1941((snd))July((nbsp))1944). Located near [[Chełmno nad Nerem]] (((lang-de|Kulmhof))), ((convert|48|km|mi|0|abbr=on)) northwest of the city of [[Łódź]].<ref>((cite web |title=Chelmno |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/chelmno |website=[[Holocaust Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]))</ref>
* [[Belzec extermination camp|Belzec]] (March((nbsp))1942((snd))June((nbsp))1943). Located near the village of [[Bełżec (village)|Bełżec]], approximately ((convert|114|km|mi|0|abbr=on)) southeast of [[Lublin]].((efn|Belzec was also the name of a system of forced labor camps along the Bug river in 1940. The extermination camp was built on top of the ruins of the destroyed main labor camp.))<ref>((cite web |title=Belzec|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/belzec |website=Holocaust Encyclopedia |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum))</ref>
* [[Sobibor extermination camp|Sobibor]] (May((nbsp))1942((snd))November((nbsp))1943). Located near the village of [[Sobibór (village)|Sobibór]], approximately ((convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on)) east of Lublin.<ref>((cite web |title=Sobibor |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/sobibor |website=Holocaust Encyclopedia |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum))</ref>
* [[Treblinka extermination camp|Treblinka]] (July((nbsp))1942((snd))September((nbsp))1943). Located near the village of [[Treblinka, Masovian Voivodeship|Treblinka]], approximately ((convert|80|km|mi|abbr=off)) northeast of [[Warsaw]].((efn|Treblinka was also the site of a forced labor camp. The designation ''Treblinka I'' is used to denote the forced labor camp and ''Treblinka II'' is used to denote the extermination camp.))<ref>((cite web |title=Treblinka |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/treblinka |website=Holocaust Encyclopedia |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum))</ref>
* [[Majdanek concentration camp|Majdanek]] (October((nbsp))1942((snd))July((nbsp))1944). Located just outside the city of [[Lublin]].((efn|Majdanek is sometimes referred to as ''Lublin''.))((efn|Majdanek operated as a concentration camp and transit camp from October((nbsp))1941((snd))July((nbsp))1944.))<ref>((cite web |title=Lublin/Majdanek |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/lublin-majdanek-concentration-camp-conditions |website=Holocaust Encyclopedia |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum))</ref>
* [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz-Birkenau]] (February((nbsp))1942((snd))November((nbsp))1944). Located near the town of [[Oświęcim]] (((lang-de|Auschwitz))), ((convert|50|km|mi)) west of [[Kraków]].((efn|Auschwitz consisted of three main camps, commonly referred to as ''Auschwitz I'' (concentration camp), ''Auschwitz II'' or ''Auschwitz-Birkenau'' (extermination camp), and ''Auschwitz III'' or ''Auschwitz-Monowitz'' ([[IG Farben]] forced labor camp).))<ref>((cite web |title=Auschwitz |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/auschwitz |website=Holocaust Encyclopedia |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum))</ref>

==Euthanasia extermination centers==
In the period leading to the Final Solution, Nazi Germany created eight major euthanasia extermination centers to carry out the systematic genocide of the disabled.<ref>((cite web |title=Euthanasia Program |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/euthanasia-program |website=Holocaust Encyclopedia |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |accessdate=19 July 2020))</ref> Scholars have established a fundamental connection between the motivation, the practical experience and psychological preparation, and the technology used in the Nazi euthanasia centers as part of [[Aktion T4]] and [[Action 14f13]] and the extermination camps used in [[the Holocaust]].<ref>((cite book |last1=Browning |first1=Christopher R |author-link=Christopher Browning |title=The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942 |date=2007 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln |isbn=978-0434012275))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1=Friedlander |first1=Henry |author-link=Henry Friedlander |title=The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution |date=1995 |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill |isbn=978-0807822081))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1=Sereny |first1=Gitta |authorlink1=Gitta Sereny |title=Into That Darkness |date=2011 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |location=Westminster |isbn=978-0394710358))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1=Evans |author-link=Richard J. Evans |first1=Richard J. |title=The Third Reich at War |date=2009 |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |pages=78–102, 253–291, 523–552 |isbn=978-1594202063))</ref> The dates of operation are for the period the facility operated as a euthanasia killing center.

'''Germany''' <ref name="hf1" />
* [[Bernburg Euthanasia Centre|Bernburg]]. Located in [[Saxony]] near [[Magdeburg]].((efn|Bernberg was designed to replace Brandenburg.<ref name="hf1">((cite book |last1=Friedlander |first1=Henry |author-link=Henry Friedlander |title=The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution |date=1995 |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill |chapter=Chapter 5: The Killing Centers))</ref>))
* [[Brandenburg Euthanasia Centre|Brandenburg]]. Located near [[Berlin]].
* [[Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre|Grafeneck]]. Located in [[Gomadingen]] near [[Stuttgart]].
* [[Hadamar Euthanasia Centre|Hadamar]]. Located in [[Hessen]] near [[Frankfurt]].((efn|Hadamar was designed to replace Grafeneck.<ref name="hf1" />))
* [[Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre|Sonnenstein]]. Located in Saxony near [[Dresden]].
'''Austria''' <ref name="hf1" />
* [[Am Spiegelgrund]]. Located in [[Vienna]].
* [[Gugging]]. Located just outside Vienna.
* [[Hartheim Euthanasia Centre|Hartheim]]. Located near Linz.

==Further reading==
((See also|Bibliography of The Holocaust|List of books about Nazi Germany))
* ((cite book |last1=Arad |first1=Yitzhak |author-link=Yitzhak Arad |title=Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps |date=2018 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington |isbn=978-0253025302 |edition=Revised and expanded))
* ((cite book |last1=Browning |first1=Christopher R |author-link=Christopher Browning |title=The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942 |date=2007 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln |isbn=978-0434012275))
* ((cite book |last1=Burleigh |first1=Michael |author-link=Michael Burleigh |last2=Wippermann |first2=Wolfgang |title=The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945 |date=1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0521391146))
* ((cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Richard J. |author-link=Richard J. Evans |title=[[The Third Reich Trilogy|The Third Reich at War]] |date=2009 |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |isbn=978-1594202063))
* ((cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Susanne E. |title=Forgotten Crimes: The Holocaust and People with Disabilities |date=2004 |publisher=Ivan R. Dee (Rowman & Littlefield) |location=Lanham, MD |isbn=978-1566635653))
* ((cite book |last1=Friedlander |first1=Henry |author-link=Henry Friedlander |title=The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution |date=1995 |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill |isbn=978-0807822081))
* ((cite book |last1=Montague |first1=Patrick |title=Chelmno and the Holocaust: A History of Hitler's First Death Camp |date=2011 |publisher=I. B. Tauris & Company |location=London |isbn=978-1848857223))
* ((cite book |last1=Rees |first1=Laurence |author-link=Laurence Rees|title=Auschwitz: A New History |date=2004 |publisher=BBC Books |location=London |isbn=978-0563521174))
* ((cite book |last1=Robertson |first1=Michael |last2=Ley |first2=Astrid |last3=Light |first3=Edwina |title=The First into the Dark: The Nazi Persecution of the Disabled |date=2019 |publisher=Ubiquity Press (UTS) |location=Sydney |isbn=978-0648124221))
* ((cite book |last1=Schelvis |first1=Jules |author-link=Jules Schelvis |title=Sobibor: A History of a Nazi Death Camp |date=2007 |publisher=Berg Publishers |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1845204198))
* ((cite book |last1=Sereny |first1=Gitta |authorlink1=Gitta Sereny |title=Into That Darkness |date=2011 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |location=Westminster |isbn=978-0394710358))
* ((cite book |last1=Wachsmann |first1=Nikolaus |authorlink1=Nikolaus Wachsmann |title=Chapters 5((snd))6. In KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps |date=2015 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |location=New York |isbn=978-0374118259 ))
* ((cite book |last1=Webb |first1=Chris |title=The Belzec Death Camp: History, Biographies, Remembrance |date=2016 |publisher=Ibidem Press/Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-3838208664))

==See also==
((columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* [[Babi Yar]]
* [[Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945]]
* [[Fort VII]]
* [[Gas van]]
* [[The Holocaust in Poland]]
* [[List of Nazi concentration camps]]
* [[Nazi eugenics]]
* [[Nazi ghettos]]
* [[Racial policy of Nazi Germany]]
* [[Types of Nazi camps]]
* [[Wannsee Conference]]
))

==Notes==
((notelist-la))

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [http://auschwitz.org/en/ Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum]
* [https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/ Holocaust Encyclopedia]
* [https://memoryoftreblinka.org/ Memory of Treblinka Memorial]
* [http://www.belzec.eu/en Museum and Memorial at Bełżec]
* [http://www.sobibor-memorial.eu/en Museum and Memorial at Sobibor]
* [http://www.majdanek.eu/en State Museum at Majdanek]
* [https://www.ushmm.org/ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]
* [https://www.yadvashem.org/ Yad Vashem - The World Holocaust Remembrance Center]

((DEFAULTSORT:Extermination, euthanasia))
[[Category:Nazi extermination camps|Nazi extermination camps]]
[[Category:The Holocaust-related lists]]
[[Category:Nazi SS]]
[[Category:World War II sites of Nazi Germany| ]]

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