Classical
- Alberta Alexandrescu (1978–present), pianist and chamber musician
- Filaret Barbu (1903–1984), composer, well known for the operetta Ana Lugojana
- Pascal Bentoiu (born 1927), Modernist composer
- Tiberiu Brediceanu (1877–1968), composer and folklorist
- Nicolae Bretan (1887–1968), opera composer, also baritone, conductor and critic
- Ionel Budișteanu (1919–1991), violinist and conductor
- Eduard Caudella (1841–1924), composer, wrote the first Romanian opera, Petru Rareș
- Sergiu Celibidache (1912–1996), composer and conductor
- Paul Constantinescu (1909–1963), composer, especially of religious and vocal music, also wrote music for Romanian films
- Vladimir Cosma (born 1940), composer, conductor and violinist
- Dimitrie Cuclin (1885–1978), classical music composer, musicologist, philosopher, translator and writer
- Constantin Dimitrescu (1847–1928), composer of Peasant Dance
- Grigoraș Dinicu (1889–1949), composer best known for his violin showpiece Hora staccato
- Sabin Drăgoi (1894–1968), composer and folklorist, one of the pioneers of scientific gathering of Romanian folklore
- George Enescu (1881–1955), composer, violinist, pianist, conductor and teacher
- Valentin Gheorghiu (born 1928), pianist and composer
- Ion Ivanovici (1845–1902), composer of The Danube Waves waltz
- Mihail Jora (1891–1971), "the father of Romanian ballet"; works include Intoarcerea din adâncuri and La piață
- Nicolae Kirculescu (1903–1985), composer of theatre and film music, including the theme of the television programme Teleenciclopedia
- Dumitru Georgescu Kiriac (1866–1928)
- Dinu Lipatti (1917–1950), pianist and composer
- Cristian Matei (born 1977), composer
- Marcel Mihalovici (1898–1985), composer
- Anton Pann (1790s–1854), wrote Romania's national anthem and music for the Orthodox Divine Liturgy
- Ionel Perlea (1900–1970), composer and conductor
- Ciprian Porumbescu (1853–1883), composer
- Doina Rotaru (born 1951), composer of mainly orchestral and chamber works
- Constantin Silvestri (1913–1969), composer, lived in England
- Matei Socor (1908–1980), composer and musician
- Cornel Trăilescu (born 1926), opera composer and conductor
- Anatol Vieru (1926–1998), composer of symphonic, chamber and choral music; winner of Herder Prize in 1986
- Ion Voicu (1923–1997), violinist
- Teo Milea (born 1982), pianist and composer
