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The following is a list of Romanian composers.

• Liana Alexandra (1947–2011), neoromantic composer and pianist
• Elena Asachi (1789–1877), Austrian-born Romanian composer, pianist, and singer
• Nicolas Astrinidis (1921–2010), composer who settled and worked in Greece
• Anton Pann (1796–1854), composer, folklorist, orthodox chanter
• Esmeralda Athanasiu-Gardeev (1834–1917), composer and pianist
• Ana-Maria Avram (1961–2017), spectral music composer
• Maya Badian (1945–), Romanian-born Canadian composer and musicologist
• Filaret Barbu (1903–1984), composer, known for the operetta Ana Lugojana
• Pascal Bentoiu (1927–2016), Modernist composer
• Tiberiu Brediceanu (1877–1968), composer and folklorist
• Nicolae Bretan (1887–1968), opera composer, also baritone, conductor and critic
• Ion Căianu (1629–1687), the first to record the custom Călușari dance
• Dimitrie Cantemir (1673–1723), composer, historian, writer, folklorist
• Eduard Caudella (1841–1924), composer, wrote the first Romanian opera, Petru Rareș
• Sergiu Celibidache (1912–1996), composer and conductor
• Maia Ciobanu (1952–)
• Paul Constantinescu (1909–1963), composer, especially of religious and vocal music, also wrote music for Romanian films
• Vladimir Cosma (born 1940), composer, conductor and violinist
• Dimitrie Cuclin (1885–1978), classical music composer, musicologist, philosopher, translator, and writer
• Constantin Dimitrescu (1847–1928), composer of Peasant Dance
• Violeta Dinescu (1953–), composer and pianist
• Grigoraș Dinicu (1889–1949), composer best known for his violin showpiece Hora staccato
• Felicia Donceanu (1931–), composer best known for chamber works, painter, and sculptor
• Sabin Drăgoi (1894–1968), composer and folklorist, one of the pioneers of scientific gathering of Romanian folklore
• Iancu Dumitrescu (1944–), avant-garde music composer
• George Enescu (1881–1955), composer, violinist, pianist, conductor and teacher
• Valentin Gheorghiu (1928–), pianist and composer
• Ionesco Gia, keyboardist, composer and bandleader
• Irina Olga Hasnaș (1954–)
• Philip Herschkowitz (1906–1989), Romanian-born American composer
• Ion Ivanovici (1845–1902), composer of The Danube Waves waltz
• Mihail Jora (1891–1971), "the father of Romanian ballet"; works include Intoarcerea din adâncuri and La piață
• Nicolae Kirculescu (1903–1985), composer of theatre and film music, including the theme of the television programme Teleenciclopedia
• Dumitru Georgescu Kiriac (1866–1928)
• Sorin Lerescu (1953–)
• Sammy Lerner (1903–1989), Romanian-born American composer
• György Ligeti (1923–2006), Transylvanian-born Hungarian and Austrian composer
• Dinu Lipatti (1917–1950), pianist and composer
• Myriam Marbe (1931–1997), composer and pianist
• Cristian Matei (1977–)
• Marcel Mihalovici (1898–1985)
• Teo Milea (1982–), pianist and composer
• Gavriil Musicescu (1847–1903), composer, conductor and musicologist
• Octavian Nemescu (1940–)
• Șerban Nichifor (1954–), neoromantic composer and cellist
• Ştefan Niculescu (1927–2008), composer and professor
• Irina Odăgescu (1937–)
• Tiberiu Olah (1928–2002), composer, teacher and musicologist
• Anton Pann (1790s–1854), wrote Romania's national anthem and music for the Orthodox Divine Liturgy
• Cristian Pațurcă (1964–2011)
• Ionel Perlea (1900–1970), composer and conductor
• Carmen Petra Basacopol (1926–2023)
• Ciprian Porumbescu (1853–1883)
• Horațiu Rădulescu (1942–2008), Romanian-French composer of spectral music
• Doina Rotaru (1951–), composer of mainly orchestral and chamber works
• Constantin Silvestri (1913–1969), composer, lived in England
• Matei Socor (1908–1980), composer and musician
• Cornelia Tăutu (1938–), composer best known for film soundtracks
• Octave Octavian Teodorescu (1963–)
• Sigismund Toduță (1908–1991)
• Cornel Trăilescu (1926–), opera composer and conductor
• Anatol Vieru (1926–1998), composer of symphonic, chamber and choral music; winner of Herder Prize in 1986
• Marina Marta Vlad (1949–)
• Roman Vlad (1919–2013), Romanian-born Italian composer, pianist and musicologist