This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "List of file signatures" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

This is a list of file signatures, data used to identify or verify the content of a file. Such signatures are also known as magic numbers or Magic Bytes.

Many file formats are not intended to be read as text. If such a file is accidentally viewed as a text file, its contents will be unintelligible. However, some file signatures can be recognizable when interpreted as text. The column ISO 8859-1 shows how the file signature appears when interpreted as text in the common ISO 8859-1 encoding, with unprintable characters represented as the control code abbreviation or symbol, or codepage 1252 character where available, or a box otherwise. In some cases the space character is shown as ␠ for clarity.

Hex signature	ISO 8859-1	Offset	Extension	Description
`23 21`	`#!`	0		Script or data to be passed to the program following the shebang (#!)^[1]
`02 00 5a 57 52 54 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00`	`␂␀ZWRT␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀`	0	cwk	Claris Works word processing doc
`00 00 02 00 06 04 06 00 08 00 00 00 00 00`	`␀␀␂␀␆␄␆␀␈␀␀␀␀␀`	0	wk1	Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v1) file
`00 00 1A 00 00 10 04 00 00 00 00 00`	`␀␀␚␀␀␊␄␀␀␀␀␀`	0	wk3	Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v3) file
`00 00 1A 00 02 10 04 00 00 00 00 00`	`␀␀␚␀␂␊␄␀␀␀␀␀`	0	wk4 wk5	Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v4, v5) file
`00 00 1A 00 05 10 04`	`␀␀␚␀␅␊␄`	0	123	Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v9) file
`00 00 03 F3`	`␀␀␃ó`	0		Amiga Hunk executable file
`00 00 49 49 58 50 52` (little-endian) `00 00 4D 4D 58 50 52` (big-endian)	`␀␀IIXPR` `␀␀MMXPR`	0	qxd	Quark Express document
`50 57 53 33`	`PWS3`	0	psafe3	Password Gorilla Password Database
`D4 C3 B2 A1` (little-endian)	`ÔÃ²¡`	0	pcap	Libpcap File Format^[2]
`A1 B2 C3 D4` (big-endian)	`¡²ÃÔ`	0	pcap	Libpcap File Format^[2]
`4D 3C B2 A1` (little-endian)	`M<²¡`	0	pcap	Libpcap File Format (nanosecond-resolution)^[2]
`A1 B2 3C 4D` (big-endian)	`¡²<M`	0	pcap	Libpcap File Format (nanosecond-resolution)^[2]
`0A 0D 0D 0A`	`␊␍␍␊`	0	pcapng	PCAP Next Generation Dump File Format^[3]
`ED AB EE DB`	`í«îÛ`	0	rpm	RedHat Package Manager (RPM) package^[4]
`53 51 4C 69 74 65 20 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 20 33 00`	`SQLite format 3␀`	0	sqlitedb sqlite db	SQLite Database^[5]
`53 50 30 31`	`SP01`	0	bin	Amazon Kindle Update Package^[6]
`49 57 41 44`	`IWAD`	0	wad	internal WAD (main resource file of Doom)^[7]
`00`	`␀`	0	PIC PIF SEA YTR	IBM Storyboard bitmap file Windows Program Information File Mac Stuffit Self-Extracting Archive IRIS OCR data file
`00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00`	`␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀ ␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀ ␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀`	11	PDB	PalmPilot Database/Document File
`BE BA FE CA`	`¾ºþÊ`	0	DBA	Palm Desktop Calendar Archive
`00 01 42 44`	`␀␁BD`	0	DBA	Palm Desktop To Do Archive
`00 01 44 54`	`␀␁DT`	0	TDA	Palm Desktop Calendar Archive
`54 44 46 24`	`TDF$`	0	TDF$	Telegram Desktop File
`54 44 45 46`	`TDEF`	0	TDEF	Telegram Desktop Encrypted File
`00 01 00 00`	`␀␁␀␀`	0		Palm Desktop Data File (Access format)
`00 00 01 00`	`␀␀␁␀`	0	ico	Computer icon encoded in ICO file format^[8]
`69 63 6e 73`	`icns`	0	icns	Apple Icon Image format
`66 74 79 70 33 67`	`ftyp3g`	4	3gp 3g2	3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP and 3GPP2 multimedia files
`66 74 79 70 68 65 69 6366 74 79 70 6d`	`ftypheic`	4	heic	High Efficiency Image Container (HEIC)
`1F 9D`	`␟□`	0	z tar.z	compressed file (often tar zip) using Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm
`1F A0`	`␟⍽`	0	z tar.z	Compressed file (often tar zip) using LZH algorithm
`2D 68 6C 30 2D`	`-lh0-`	2	lzh	Lempel Ziv Huffman archive file Method 0 (No compression)
`2D 68 6C 35 2D`	`-lh5-`	2	lzh	Lempel Ziv Huffman archive file Method 5 (8KiB sliding window)
`42 41 43 4B 4D 49 4B 45 44 49 53 4B`	`BACKMIKEDISK`	0	bac	AmiBack Amiga Backup data file
`49 4E 44 58`	`INDX`	0	idx	AmiBack Amiga Backup index file
`62 70 6C 69 73 74`	`bplist`	0	plist	Binary Property List file
`42 5A 68`	`BZh`	0	bz2	Compressed file using Bzip2 algorithm
`47 49 46 38 37 61` `47 49 46 38 39 61`	`GIF87a` `GIF89a`	0	gif	Image file encoded in the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)^[9]
`49 49 2A 00` (little-endian)	`II*␀`	0	tif tiff	Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)^[10]
`4D 4D 00 2A` (big-endian)	`MM␀*`	0	tif tiff	Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)^[10]
`49 49 2A 00 10 00 00 00 43 52`	`II*␀␐␀␀␀CR`	0	cr2	Canon RAW Format Version 2^[11] Canon's RAW format is based on TIFF.^[12]
`80 2A 5F D7`	`€*_×`	0	cin	Kodak Cineon image
`52 4E 43 01` `52 4E 43 02`	`RNC␁` `RNC␂`	0		Compressed file using Rob Northen Compression (version 1 and 2) algorithm^[13]
`4E 55 52 55 49 4D 47` `4E 55 52 55 50 41 4C`	`NURUIMG` `NURUPAL`	0	nui nup	nuru ASCII/ANSI image and palette files^[14]
`53 44 50 58` (big-endian format)	`SDPX`	0	dpx	SMPTE DPX image
`58 50 44 53` (little-endian format)	`XPDS`	0	dpx	SMPTE DPX image
`76 2F 31 01`	`v/1␁`	0	exr	OpenEXR image
`42 50 47 FB`	`BPGû`	0	bpg	Better Portable Graphics format^[15]
`FF D8 FF DB`	`ÿØÿÛ`	0	jpg jpeg	JPEG raw or in the JFIF or Exif file format^[16]
`FF D8 FF E0 00 10 4A 46 49 46 00 01`	`ÿØÿà␀␐JFIF␀␁`
`FF D8 FF EE`	`ÿØÿî`
`FF D8 FF E1 ?? ?? 45 78 69 66 00 00`	`ÿØÿá??Exif␀␀`
`FF D8 FF E0`	`ÿØÿà`	0	jpg	JPEG raw or in the JFIF or Exif file format^[16]
`00 00 00 0C 6A 50 20 20 0D 0A 87 0A`	`␀␀␀␌jP␠␠␍␊‡␊`	0	jp2 j2k jpf jpm jpg2 j2c jpc jpx mj2	JPEG 2000 format^[17]
`FF 4F FF 51`	`ÿOÿQ`	0	jp2 j2k jpf jpm jpg2 j2c jpc jpx mj2	JPEG 2000 format^[17]
`71 6f 69 66`	`qoif`	0	qoi	QOI - The “Quite OK Image Format”^[18]
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 49 4C 42 4D`	`FORM????ILBM`	0 any	ilbm lbm ibm iff	IFF Interleaved Bitmap Image
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 38 53 56 58`	`FORM????8SVX`	0 any	8svx 8sv svx snd iff	IFF 8-Bit Sampled Voice
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 41 43 42 4D`	`FORM????ACBM`	0 any	acbm iff	Amiga Contiguous Bitmap
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 41 4E 42 4D`	`FORM????ANBM`	0 any	anbm iff	IFF Animated Bitmap
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 41 4E 49 4D`	`FORM????ANIM`	0 any	anim iff	IFF CEL Animation
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 46 41 58 58`	`FORM????FAXX`	0 any	faxx fax iff	IFF Facsimile Image
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 46 54 58 54`	`FORM????FTXT`	0 any	ftxt iff	IFF Formatted Text
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 53 4D 55 53`	`FORM????SMUS`	0 any	smus smu mus iff	IFF Simple Musical Score
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 43 4D 55 53`	`FORM????CMUS`	0 any	cmus mus iff	IFF Musical Score
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 59 55 56 4E`	`FORM????YUVN`	0 any	yuvn yuv iff	IFF YUV Image
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 46 41 4E 54`	`FORM????FANT`	0 any	iff	Amiga Fantavision Movie
`46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 41 49 46 46`	`FORM????AIFF`	0 any	aiff aif aifc snd iff	Audio Interchange File Format
`4C 5A 49 50`	`LZIP`	0	lz	lzip compressed file^[19]
`30 37 30 37 30 37`	`070707`	0	cpio	cpio archive file^[20]
`4D 5A`	`MZ`	0	exe dll mui sys scr cpl ocx ax iec ime rs tsp fon efi	DOS MZ executable and its descendants (including NE and PE)
`5A 4D`	`ZM`	0	exe	DOS ZM executable and its descendants (rare)
`50 4B 03 04` `50 4B 05 06` (empty archive) `50 4B 07 08` (spanned archive)	`PK␃␄` `PK␅␆` `PK␇␈`	0	zip aar apk docx epub ipa jar kmz maff msix odp ods odt pk3 pk4 pptx usdz vsdx xlsx xpi	zip file format and formats based on it, such as EPUB, JAR, ODF, OOXML
`52 61 72 21 1A 07 00`	`Rar!␚␇␀`	0	rar	Roshal ARchive compressed archive v1.50 onwards^[21]
`52 61 72 21 1A 07 01 00`	`Rar!␚␇␁␀`	0	rar	Roshal ARchive compressed archive v5.00 onwards^[22]
`7F 45 4C 46`	`␡ELF`	0		Executable and Linkable Format
`89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A`	`‰PNG␍␊␚␊`	0	png	Image encoded in the Portable Network Graphics format^[23]
`C9`	`É`	0	com	CP/M 3 and higher with overlays^[24]
`CA FE BA BE`	`Êþº¾`	0	class	Java class file, Mach-O Fat Binary
`EF BB BF`	`ï»¿`	0	txt others	UTF-8 byte order mark, commonly seen in text files.^[25]^[26]^[27]
`FF FE`	`ÿþ`	0	txt others	UTF-16LE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files.^[25]^[26]^[27]
`FE FF`	`þÿ`	0	txt others	UTF-16BE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files.^[25]^[26]^[27]
`FF FE 00 00`	`ÿþ␀␀`	0	txt others	UTF-32LE byte order mark for text^[25]^[27]
`00 00 FE FF`	`␀␀þÿ`	0	txt others	UTF-32BE byte order mark for text^[25]^[27]
`2B 2F 76 38` `2B 2F 76 39` `2B 2F 76 2B` `2B 2F 76 2F`	`+/v8` `+/v9` `+/v+` `+/v/`	0		UTF-7 byte order mark for text^[28]^[27]
`0E FE FF`	`␎þÿ`	0	txt others	SCSU byte order mark for text^[28]^[27]
`DD 73 66 73`	`Ýsfs`	0		UTF-EBCDIC byte order mark for text^[28]^[27]
`FE ED FA CE`	`þíúÎ`	0 0x1000		Mach-O binary (32-bit)
`FE ED FA CF`	`þíúÏ`	0 0x1000		Mach-O binary (64-bit)
`FE ED FE ED`	`þíþí`	0		JKS Javakey Store^[29]
`CE FA ED FE`	`Îúíþ`	0		Mach-O binary (reverse byte ordering scheme, 32-bit)^[30]
`CF FA ED FE`	`Ïúíþ`	0		Mach-O binary (reverse byte ordering scheme, 64-bit)^[30]
`25 21 50 53`	`%!PS`	0	ps	PostScript document
`25 21 50 53 2D 41 64 6F 62 65 2D 33 2E 30 20 45 50 53 46 2D 33 2E 30`	`%!PS-Adobe-3.0 ESPF-3.0`	0	eps epsf	Encapsulated PostScript file version 3.0^[31]
`25 21 50 53 2D 41 64 6F 62 65 2D 33 2E 31 20 45 50 53 46 2D 33 2E 30`	`%!PS-Adobe-3.1 ESPF-3.0`	0	eps epsf	Encapsulated PostScript file version 3.1^[32]
`49 54 53 46 03 00 00 00 60 00 00 00`	ITSF␃␀␀␀`␀␀␀	0	chm	MS Windows HtmlHelp Data
`3F 5F`	`?_`	0	hlp	Windows 3.x/95/98 Help file
`25 50 44 46 2D`	`%PDF-`	0	pdf	PDF document^[33]
`30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF 11 A6 D9 00 AA 00 62 CE 6C`	`0&²uŽfÏ␑¦Ù␀ª␀bÎl`	0	asf wma wmv	Advanced Systems Format^[34]
`24 53 44 49 30 30 30 31`	`$SDI0001`	0		System Deployment Image, a disk image format used by Microsoft
`4F 67 67 53`	`OggS`	0	ogg oga ogv	Ogg, an open source media container format
`38 42 50 53`	`8BPS`	0	psd	Photoshop Document file, Adobe Photoshop's native file format
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 57 41 56 45`	`RIFF????WAVE`	0	wav	Waveform Audio File Format^[35]
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 41 56 49 20`	`RIFF????AVI␠`	0	avi	Audio Video Interleave video format^[36]
`FF FB` `FF F3` `FF F2`	`ÿû` `ÿó` `ÿò`	0	mp3	MPEG-1 Layer 3 file without an ID3 tag or with an ID3v1 tag (which is appended at the end of the file)
`49 44 33`	`ID3`	0	mp3	MP3 file with an ID3v2 container
`42 4D`	`BM`	0	bmp dib	BMP file, a bitmap format used mostly in the Windows world
`43 44 30 30 31`	`CD001`	0x8001 0x8801 0x9001	iso	ISO9660 CD/DVD image file^[37]
`43 44 30 30 31`	`CD001`	0x5EAC9	cdi	CD-i CD image file
`6D 61 69 6E 2E 62 73`	`main.bs`	0	mgw	Nintendo Game & Watch image file
`4E 45 53`	`NES`	0	nes	Nintendo Entertainment System image file
`A0 32 41 A0 A0 A0`	`2A`	0x165A4	d64	Commodore 64 1541 disk image (D64 format)
`47 53 52 2D 31 35 34 31`	`GCR-1541`	0	g64	Commodore 64 1541 disk image (G64 format)
`A0 33 44 A0 A0`	`3D`	0x61819	d81	Commodore 64 1581 disk image (D81 format)
`43 36 34 20 74 61 70 65 20 69 6D 61 67 65 20 66 69 6C 65`	`C64 tape image file`	0	t64	Commodore 64 tape image
`43 36 34 20 43 41 52 54 52 49 44 47 45 20 20 20`	`C64 CARTRIDGE`	0	crt	Commodore 64 cartridge image
`53 49 4D 50 4C 45 20 20 3D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54`	`SIMPLE␠␠ =␠␠␠␠␠␠␠ ␠␠␠␠␠␠␠␠ ␠␠␠␠␠T`	0	fits	Flexible Image Transport System (FITS)^[38]
`66 4C 61 43`	`fLaC`	0	flac	Free Lossless Audio Codec^[39]
`4D 54 68 64`	`MThd`	0	mid midi	MIDI sound file^[40]
`D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1`	`ÐÏ␑à¡±␚á`	0	doc xls ppt msi msg	Compound File Binary Format, a container format defined by Microsoft COM. It can contain the equivalent of files and directories. It is used by Windows Installer and for documents in older versions of Microsoft Office.^[41] It can be used by other programs as well that rely on the COM and OLE API's.
`64 65 78 0A 30 33 35 00`	`dex␊035␀`	0	dex	Dalvik Executable
`4B 44 4D`	`KDM`	0	vmdk	VMDK files^[42]^[43]
`23 20 44 69 73 6B 20 44 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 6F`	`# Disk Descripto`	0	vmdk	VMware 4 Virtual Disk description file (split disk)
`43 72 32 34`	`Cr24`	0	crx	Google Chrome extension^[44] or packaged app^[45]
`41 47 44 33`	`AGD3`	0	fh8	FreeHand 8 document^[46]^[47]
`05 07 00 00 42 4F 42 4F 05 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01`	`␅␇␀␀BOBO ␅␇␀␀␀␀␀␀ ␀␀␀␀␀␁`	0	cwk	AppleWorks 5 document
`06 07 E1 00 42 4F 42 4F 06 07 E1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01`	`␆␇á␀BOBO ␆␇á␀␀␀␀␀ ␀␀␀␀␀␁`	0	cwk	AppleWorks 6 document
`45 52 02 00 00 00`	`ER␂␀␀␀`	0	toast	Roxio Toast disc image file
`8B 45 52 02 00 00 00`	`‹ER␂␀␀␀`	0	toast	Roxio Toast disc image file
`6B 6F 6C 79`	`koly`	end–512	dmg	Apple Disk Image file
`78 61 72 21`	`xar!`	0	xar	eXtensible ARchive format^[48]
`50 4D 4F 43 43 4D 4F 43`	`PMOCCMOC`	0	dat	Windows Files And Settings Transfer Repository^[49] See also USMT 3.0 (Win XP)^[50] and USMT 4.0 (Win 7)^[51] User Guides
`4E 45 53 1A`	`NES␚`	0	nes	Nintendo Entertainment System ROM file^[52]
`75 73 74 61 72 00 30 30` `75 73 74 61 72 20 20 00`	`ustar␀00` `ustar␠␠␀`	257	tar	tar archive^[53]
`4F 41 52 ??`	`OAR?`	0	oar	OAR file archive format, where ?? is the format version.
`74 6F 78 33`	`tox3`	0	tox	Open source portable voxel file^[54]
`4D 4C 56 49`	`MLVI`	0	MLV	Magic Lantern Video file^[55]
`44 43 4D 01 50 41 33 30` `50 41 33 30`	`DCM␁PA30` `PA30`	0		Windows Update Binary Delta Compression file^[56]
`37 7A BC AF 27 1C`	`7z¼¯'␜`	0	7z	7-Zip File Format
`1F 8B`	`␟‹`	0	gz tar.gz	GZIP compressed file^[57]
`FD 37 7A 58 5A 00`	`ý7zXZ␀`	0	xz tar.xz	XZ compression utility using LZMA2 compression
`04 22 4D 18`	`␄"M␘`	0	lz4	LZ4 Frame Format^[58] Remark: LZ4 block format does not offer any magic bytes.^[59]
`4D 53 43 46`	`MSCF`	0	cab	Microsoft Cabinet file
`53 5A 44 44 88 F0 27 33`	`SZDDˆð'3`	0	??_	Microsoft compressed file in Quantum format, used prior to Windows XP. File can be decompressed using Extract.exe or Expand.exe distributed with earlier versions of Windows. After compression, the last character of the original filename extension is replaced with an underscore, e.g. ‘Setup.exe’ becomes ‘Setup.ex_’.
`46 4C 49 46`	`FLIF`	0	flif	Free Lossless Image Format
`1A 45 DF A3`	`␚Eß£`	0	mkv mka mks mk3d webm	Matroska media container, including WebM
`4D 49 4C 20`	`MIL␠`	0	stg	"SEAN : Session Analysis" Training file. Also used in compatible software "Rpw : Rowperfect for Windows" and "RP3W : ROWPERFECT3 for Windows".
`41 54 26 54 46 4F 52 4D ?? ?? ?? ?? 44 4A 56`	`AT&TFORM????DJV`	0	djvu djv	DjVu document The following byte is either `55` (`U`) for single-page or `4D` (`M`) for multi-page documents.
`30 82`	`0‚`	0	der	DER encoded X.509 certificate
`2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 43 45 52 54 49 46 49 43 41 54 45 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D`	`-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----`	0	crt pem	PEM encoded X.509 certificate
`2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 43 45 52 54 49 46 49 43 41 54 45 20 52 45 51 55 45 53 54 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D`	`-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----`	0	csr pem	PEM encoded X.509 Certificate Signing Request
`2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 50 52 49 56 41 54 45 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D`	`-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----`	0	key pem	PEM encoded X.509 PKCS#8 private key
`2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 44 53 41 20 50 52 49 56 41 54 45 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D`	`-----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----`	0	key pem	PEM encoded X.509 PKCS#1 DSA private key
`2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 52 45 41 20 50 52 49 56 41 54 45 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D`	`-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`	0	key pem	PEM encoded X.509 PKCS#1 RSA private key
`50 75 54 54 59 2D 55 73 65 72 2D 4B 65 79 2D 46 69 6C 65 2D 32 3A`	`PuTTY-User-Key-File-2:`	0	ppk	PuTTY private key file version 2
`50 75 54 54 59 2D 55 73 65 72 2D 4B 65 79 2D 46 69 6C 65 2D 33 3A`	`PuTTY-User-Key-File-3:`	0	ppk	PuTTY private key file version 3
`2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 4F 50 45 4E 53 53 48 20 50 52 49 56 41 54 45 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D`	`-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----`	0		OpenSSH private key file
`2D 2D 2D 2D 2D 42 45 47 49 4E 20 53 53 48 32 20 4B 45 59 2D 2D 2D 2D 2D`	`-----BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY-----`	0	pub	OpenSSH public key file
`44 49 43 4D`	`DICM`	128	dcm	DICOM Medical File Format
`77 4F 46 46`	`wOFF`	0	woff	WOFF File Format 1.0^[60]
`77 4F 46 32`	`wOF2`	0	woff2	WOFF File Format 2.0^[61]
`3C 3F 78 6D 6C 20`	`<?xml␠`	0 after BOM	xml	eXtensible Markup Language^[26]^[62]
`3C 00 3F 00 78 00 6D 00 6C 00 20`	`<␀?␀x␀m␀l␀␠␀`
`00 3C 00 3F 00 78 00 6D 00 6C 00 20`	`␀<␀?␀x␀m␀l␀␠`
`3C 00 00 00 3F 00 00 00 78 00 00 00 6D 00 00 00 6C 00 00 00 20 00 00 00`	`<␀␀␀?␀␀␀ x␀␀␀m␀␀␀ l␀␀␀␠␀␀␀`
`00 00 00 3C 00 00 00 3F 00 00 00 78 00 00 00 6D 00 00 00 6C 00 00 00 20`	`␀␀␀<␀␀␀? ␀␀␀x␀␀␀m ␀␀␀l␀␀␀␠`
`4C 6F A7 94 93 40`	`Lo§”“@`
`00 61 73 6D`	`␀asm`	0	wasm	WebAssembly binary format^[63]
`CF 84 01`	`Ï„␁`	0	lep	Lepton compressed JPEG image^[64]
`43 57 53`	`CWS`	0	swf	Adobe Flash .swf
`46 57 53`	`FWS`	0	swf	Adobe Flash .swf
`21 3C 61 72 63 68 3E 0A`	`!<arch>␊`	0	deb	linux deb file
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 57 45 42 50`	`RIFF????WEBP`	0	webp	Google WebP image file, where ?? ?? ?? ?? is the file size. More information on WebP File Header
`27 05 19 56`	`'␅␙V`	0		U-Boot / uImage. Das U-Boot Universal Boot Loader.^[65]
`7B 5C 72 74 66 31`	`{\rtf1`	0	rtf	Rich Text Format
`54 41 50 45`	`TAPE`	0		Microsoft Tape Format
`47`	`G`	0 0xBC 0x178 ... (every 188th byte)	ts tsv tsa mpg mpeg	MPEG Transport Stream (MPEG-2 Part 1)^[66]
`00 00 01 BA`	`␀␀␁º`	0	m2p vob mpg mpeg	MPEG Program Stream (MPEG-1 Part 1 (essentially identical) and MPEG-2 Part 1)
`00 00 01 B3`	`␀␀␁³`	0	mpg mpeg	MPEG-1 video and MPEG-2 video (MPEG-1 Part 2 and MPEG-2 Part 2)
`66 74 79 70 69 73 6F 6D`	`ftypisom`	4	mp4	ISO Base Media file (MPEG-4)
`66 74 79 70 4D 53 4E 56`	`ftypMSNV`	4	mp4	MPEG-4 video file
`78 01`	`x␁`	0	zlib	No Compression (no preset dictionary)
`78 5E`	`x^`			Best speed (no preset dictionary)
`78 9C`	`xœ`			Default Compression (no preset dictionary)
`78 DA`	`xÚ`			Best Compression (no preset dictionary)
`78 20`	`x␠`			No Compression (with preset dictionary)
`78 7D`	`x}`			Best speed (with preset dictionary)
`78 BB`	`x»`			Default Compression (with preset dictionary)
`78 F9`	`xù`			Best Compression (with preset dictionary)
`62 76 78 32`	`bvx2`	0	lzfse	LZFSE - Lempel-Ziv style data compression algorithm using Finite State Entropy coding. OSS by Apple.^[67]
`4F 52 43`	`ORC`	0	orc	Apache ORC (Optimized Row Columnar) file format
`4F 62 6A 01`	`Obj␁`	0	avro	Apache Avro binary file format
`53 45 51 36`	`SEQ6`	0	rc	RCFile columnar file format
`3C 72 6F 62 6C 6F 78 21`	`<roblox!`	0	rbxl	Roblox place file ^[68]
`65 87 78 56`	`e‡xV`	0	p25 obt	PhotoCap Object Templates
`55 55 AA AA`	`UUªª`	0	pcv	PhotoCap Vector
`78 56 34`	`xV4`	0	pbt pdt pea peb pet pgt pict pjt pkt pmt	PhotoCap Template
`50 41 52 31`	`PAR1`	0		Apache Parquet columnar file format
`45 4D 58 32`	`EMX2`	0	ez2	Emulator Emaxsynth samples
`45 4D 55 33`	`EMU3`	0	ez3 iso	Emulator III synth samples
`1B 4C 75 61`	`␛Lua`	0	luac	Lua bytecode^[69]
`62 6F 6F 6B 00 00 00 00 6D 61 72 6B 00 00 00 00`	`book␀␀␀␀mark␀␀␀␀`	0	alias	macOS file Alias^[70] (Symbolic link)
`5B 5A 6F 6E 65 54 72 61 6E 73 66 65 72 5D`	`[ZoneTransfer]`	0	Identifier	Microsoft Zone Identifier for URL Security Zones^[71]^[72]
`52 65 63 65 69 76 65 64 3A`	`Received:`	0	eml	Email Message var5^{[citation needed]}
`20 02 01 62 A0 1E AB 07 02 00 00 00`	`␠␂␁b⍽␞«␇␂␀␀␀`	0	tde	Tableau Datasource
`37 48 03 02 00 00 00 00 58 35 30 39 4B 45 59`	`7H␃␂␀␀␀␀X509KEY`	0	kdb	KDB file
`85 ?? ?? 03`	`…??␃`	0	pgp	PGP file ^[73]
`28 B5 2F FD`	`(µ/ý`	0	zst	Zstandard compress^[74]^[75]
`52 53 56 4B 44 41 54 41`	`RSVKDATA`	0	rs	QuickZip rs compressed archive^[76]^[77]
`3A 29 0A`	`:)␊`	0	sml	Smile file
`4A 6F 79 21`	`Joy!`	0		Preferred Executable Format
`31 0A 30 30`	`1␊00`	0	srt	SubRip File
`34 12 AA 55`	`4␒ªU`	0	vpk	VPK file, used to store game data for some Source Engine games
`2A 2A 41 43 45 2A 2A`	`ACE`	7	ace	ACE (compressed file format)^{[citation needed]}
`60 EA`	`ê	0	arj	ARJ
`49 53 63 28`	`ISc(`	0	cab	InstallShield CAB Archive File
`4B 57 41 4A`	`KWAJ`	0	??_	Windows 3.1x Compressed File
`53 5A 44 44`	`SZDD`	0	??_	Windows 9x Compressed File
`5A 4F 4F`	`ZOO`	0	zoo	Zoo (file format)
`50 31 0A`	`P1␊`	0	pbm	Portable bitmap ASCII
`50 34 0A`	`P4␊`	0	pbm	Portable bitmap binary
`50 32 0A`	`P2␊`	0	pgm	Portable Gray Map ASCII
`50 35 0A`	`P5␊`	0	pgm	Portable Gray Map binary
`50 33 0A`	`P3␊`	0	ppm	Portable Pixmap ASCII
`50 36 0A`	`P6␊`	0	ppm	Portable Pixmap binary
`D7 CD C6 9A`	`×ÍÆš`	0	wmf	Windows Metafile
`67 69 6D 70 20 78 63 66`	`gimp xcf`	0	xcf	XCF (file format)
`2F 2A 20 58 50 4D 20 2A 2F`	`/* XPM */`	0	xpm	X PixMap
`41 46 46`	`AFF`	0	aff	Advanced Forensics Format
`45 56 46 32`	`EVF2`	0	Ex01	EnCase EWF version 2 format
`45 56 46`	`EVF`	0	e01	EnCase EWF version 1 format
`51 46 49`	`QFI`	0	qcow	qcow file format
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 41 43 4F 4E`	`RIFF????ACON`	0	ani	Animated cursor
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 43 44 44 41`	`RIFF????CDDA`	0	cda	.cda file
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 51 4C 43 4D`	`RIFF????QLCM`	0	qcp	Qualcomm PureVoice file format
`52 49 46 58 ?? ?? ?? ?? 46 47 44 4D` (big-endian)	`RIFX????FGDM`	0	dcr	Adobe Shockwave^[78]^[79]^[80]
`58 46 49 52 ?? ?? ?? ?? 4D 44 47 46` (little-endian)	`XFIR????MDGF`	0	dcr	Adobe Shockwave^[78]^[79]^[80]
`52 49 46 58 ?? ?? ?? ?? 4D 56 39 33` (big-endian)	`RIFX????MV93`	0	dir dxr drx	Macromedia Director file format^[81]^[79]^[80]
`58 46 49 52 ?? ?? ?? ?? 33 39 56 4D` (little-endian)	`XFIR????39VM`	0	dir dxr drx	Macromedia Director file format^[81]^[79]^[80]
`46 4C 56`	`FLV`	0	flv	Flash Video file
`3C 3C 3C 20 4F 72 61 63 6C 65 20 56 4D 20 56 69 72 74 75 61 6C 42 6F 78 20 44 69 73 6B 20 49 6D 61 67 65 20 3E 3E 3E`	`<<< Orac le VM Vi rtualBox Disk Im age >>>`	0	vdi	VirtualBox Virtual Hard Disk file format
`63 6F 6E 65 63 74 69 78`	`conectix`	0	vhd	Windows Virtual PC Virtual Hard Disk file format^[82]
`76 68 64 78 66 69 6C 65`	`vhdxfile`	0	vhdx	Windows Virtual PC Windows 8 Virtual Hard Disk file format
`49 73 5A 21`	`IsZ!`	0	isz	Compressed ISO image
`44 41 41`	`DAA`	0	daa	Direct Access Archive PowerISO
`4C 66 4C 65`	`LfLe`	0	evt	Windows Event Viewer file format
`45 6C 66 46 69 6C 65`	`ElfFile`	0	evtx	Windows Event Viewer XML file format
`73 64 62 66`	`sdbf`	8	sdb	Windows customized database
`50 4D 43 43`	`PMCC`	0	grp	Windows 3.x Program Manager Program Group file format
`4B 43 4D 53`	`KCMS`	0	icm	ICC profile
`72 65 67 66`	`regf`	0	dat hiv	Windows Registry file
`21 42 44 4E`	`!BDN`	0	pst	Microsoft Outlook Personal Storage Table file
`44 52 41 43 4F`	`DRACO`	0	drc	3D model compressed with Google Draco^[83]
`47 52 49 42`	`GRIB`	0	grib grib2	Gridded data (commonly weather observations or forecasts) in the WMO GRIB or GRIB2 format^[84]
`42 4C 45 4E 44 45 52`	`BLENDER`	0	blend	Blender File Format^[85]
`00 00 00 0C 4A 58 4C 20 0D 0A 87 0A`	`␀␀␀␌JXL␠␍␊‡␊`	0	jxl	Image encoded in the JPEG XL format^[86]
`FF 0A`	`ÿ␊`	0	jxl	Image encoded in the JPEG XL format^[86]
`00 01 00 00 00`	`␀␁␀␀␀`	0	ttf tte dfont	TrueType font
`4F 54 54 4F`	`OTTO`	0	otf	OpenType font^[87]
`23 25 4D 6F 64 75 6C 65`	`#%Module`	0		Modulefile for Environment Modules^[88]
`4D 53 57 49 4D 00 00 00 D0 00 00 00 00`	`MSWIM␀␀␀Ð␀␀␀␀`	0	wim swm esd	Windows Imaging Format file
`21 2D 31 53 4C 4F 42 1F`	`!-1SLOB␟`	0	slob	Slob (sorted list of blobs) is a read-only, compressed data store with dictionary-like interface^[89]
`AC ED`	`¬í`	0		Serialized Java Data^[90]
`43 72 65 61 74 69 76 65 20 56 6F 69 63 65 20 46 69 6C 65 1A 1A 00`	Creative Voice File	0	voc	Creative Voice file
`2E 73 6E 64`	`.snd`	0	au snd	Au audio file format
`DB 0A CE 00`		0		OpenGL Iris Perfomer .PFB (Performer Fast Binary)^[91]
`48 5a 4c 52 00 00 00 18`	`HZLR`	0	hazelrules	Noodlesoft Hazel ^[92]
`46 4C 68 64`	`FLhd`	0	flp	FL Studio Project File
`31 30 4C 46`	`10LF`	0	flm	FL Studio Mobile Project File
`52 4b 4d 43 32 31 30`	`RKMC210`	0		Vormetric Encryption DPM Version 2.1 Header^[93]
`00 01 00 00 4D 53 49 53 41 4D 20 44 61 74 61 62 61 73 65`	`␀␁␀␀MSISAM Database`	0	mny	Microsoft Money file
`00 01 00 00 53 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 20 41 43 45 20 44 42`	`␀␁␀␀Standard ACE DB`	0	accdb	Microsoft Access 2007 Database
`00 01 00 00 53 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 20 4A 65 74 20 44 42`	`␀␁␀␀Standard Jet DB`	0	mdb	Microsoft Access Database
`01 FF 02 04 03 02`	`␁ÿ␂␄␃␂`	0	drw	Micrografx vector graphic file
`02 64 73 73`	`␂dss`	0	dss	Digital Speech Standard (Olympus, Grundig, & Phillips) v2
`03 64 73 73`	`␃dss`	0	dss	Digital Speech Standard (Olympus, Grundig, & Phillips) v3
`03 00 00 00 41 50 50 52`	`␃␀␀␀APPR`	0	adx	Approach index file
`06 06 ED F5 D8 1D 46 E5 BD 31 EF E7 FE 74 B7 1D`	`␆␆íõØ␝Få½1ïçþt·␝`	0	indd	Adobe InDesign document
`06 0E 2B 34 02 05 01 01 0D 01 02 01 01 02`	`␆␎+4␂␅␁␁␍␁␂␁␁␂`	0-65535 (run-in)	mxf	Material Exchange Format file
`07 53 4B 46`	`␇SKF`	0	skf	SkinCrafter skin file
`07 64 74 32 64 64 74 64`	`␇dt2ddtd`	0	dtd	DesignTools 2D Design file
`0A 16 6F 72 67 2E 62 69 74 63 6F 69 6E 2E 70 72`	`␊␖org.bitcoin.pr`	0	wallet	MultiBit Bitcoin wallet file
`0D 44 4F 43`	`␍DOC`	0	doc	DeskMate Document file
`0E 4E 65 72 6F 49 53 4F`	`␎NeroISO`	0	nri	Nero CD Compilation
`0E 57 4B 53`	`␎WKS`	0	wks	DeskMate Worksheet
`0F 53 49 42 45 4C 49 55 53`	`␏SIBELIUS`	0	sib	Sibelius Music - Score file
`23 20 4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66 74 20 44 65 76 65 6C 6F 70 65 72 20 53 74 75 64 69 6F`	`# Microsoft Developer Studio`	0	dsp	Microsoft Developer Studio project file
`23 21 41 4D 52`	`#!AMR`	0	amr	Adaptive Multi-Rate ACELP (Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction) Codec, commonly audio format with GSM cell phones.
`23 21 53 49 4C 4B 0A`	`#!SILK␊`	0	sil	Audio compression format developed by Skype
`23 3F 52 41 44 49 41 4E 43 45 0A`	`#?RADIANCE␊`	0	hdr	Radiance High Dynamic Range image file
`23 40 7E 5E`	`#@~^`	0	vbe	VBScript Encoded script
`0D F0 1D C0`	`␍ð�À`	0	cdb	MikroTik WinBox Connection Database (Address Book)
`23 45 58 54 4D 33 55`	`#EXTM3U`	0	m3u m3u8	Multimedia playlist
`6D 64 66 00`	`mdf␀`	0	m	M2 Archive, used by game developer M2
`4B 50 4B 41`	`KPKA`	0	pak	Capcom RE Engine game data archives
`41 52 43`	`ARC`	0	arc	Capcom MT Framework game data archives
`D0 4F 50 53`	`ÐOPS`	0	pl	Interleaf PrinterLeaf / WorldView document format (now Broadvision QuickSilver)
`6E 2B 31 00`	`n+1`	344	nii	Single file NIfTI format, used extensively in biomedical imaging.
`6E 69 31 00`	`ni1`	344	hdr	Header file of a .hdr/.img pair in NIfTI format, used extensively in biomedical imaging.
`52 41 46 36 34`	`RAF64`	0		Report Builder file from Digital Metaphors
`56 49 53 33`	`VIS3`	0		Resource file Visionaire 3.x Engine
`4D 53 48 7C` `42 53 48 7C`	`MSH`\| `BSH`\|	0	hl7	Health Level Seven (HL7) Standard for electronic data exchange [1]
`70 77 72 64 61 74 61`	`pwrdata`	0	pwrdata	SAP Power Monitor (version 1.1.0 and higher) data file
`1a 08`	`..`	0	arc	ARC archive file
`2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 42 45 47 49 4e 20 50 47 50 20 50 55 42 4c 49 43 20 4b 45 49 20 42 4c 4f 43 4b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d`	`-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----`	0	asc	Armored PGP public key
`3a 42 61 73 65 20`	`:Base`	0	cnt	Windows 3.x - Windows 95 Help Contents
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 56 44 52 4d`	`RIFF????VDRM`	0	vdr	VirtualDub
`52 59 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 54 52 49 44`	`RIFF????TRID`	0	trd	TrID
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 73 68 77 34`	`RIFF????shw4`	0	shw	Corel SHOW! 4.0
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 73 68 77 35`	`RIFF????shw5`	0	shw	Corel SHOW! 5.0
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 73 68 72 35`	`RIFF????shr5`	0	shr	Corel SHOW! 5.0 player
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 73 68 62 35`	`RIFF????shb5`	0	shb	Corel SHOW! 5.0 background
`58 46 49 52 ?? ?? ?? ?? 4d 44 47 46`	`XFIR????MDGF`	0	dcr	Macromedia ShockWave
`52 49 46 46 ?? ?? ?? ?? 52 4d 4d 50`	`RIFF????RMMP`	0	mmm	MacroMind Multimedia Movie or Microsoft Multimedia Movie
`41 53 54 4d 2d 45 35 37`	`ASTM-E57`	0	e57	ASTM E57 3D file format

Computer files
Types	Binary file / text file Data file File format List of file formats File signatures Magic number Open file formats Proprietary file formats Metafile Sidecar file Sparse file Swap file System file Temporary file Zero-byte file
Properties	Filename 8.3 filename Long filename Filename mangling Filename extension List of filename extensions File attribute Extended file attributes File size Hidden file / Hidden directory
Organisation	Directory/folder NTFS links Temporary folder Directory structure File system Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Grid file system Semantic file system Path
Operations	Open Close Read Write
Linking	File descriptor Hard link Shortcut Alias Shadow Symbolic link
Management	Backup File comparison File copying Data compression File manager Comparison of file managers File system fragmentation File-system permissions File transfer File sharing File synchronization File verification

See also

References

External links