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((short description|Kitchen appliance))
((Other uses))
((More citations needed|date=October 2023))
[[File:22 HFG.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=1.2|Modern hand food grinder (Alfa Inc)]]
[[File:A Meat Mincer.jpg|thumb|A meat grinder in operation]]

A ''' meat grinder''' (also called a "meat mincer" in the [[UK]]) is a [[kitchen appliance]] for [[mincing]] (fine chopping) and/or mixing of raw or cooked [[meat]], [[Fish (food)|fish]], [[vegetable]]s or similar food.  It replaces tools like the [[Mezzaluna|mincing knife]] (which are also used in the preparation of minced meat, filling, etc.). The food to be minced is placed into a funnel, which sits on top of the grinder. From there, the material enters a horizontal screw conveyor; the screw conveyor may be hand-cranked or powered by an electric motor. The screw squashes and mixes the food. At the end of the screw, the food is passed through a fixed plate, where it exits the machine. The fineness of the minced food depends on the size of the holes in the plate.

By changing the hole plate it is also possible to produce breadcrumbs or fill [[sausages|sausage casing]]. After the drop from the retainer((definition needed|date=July 2020|comment=What is a retainer? I think this means that the hole plate is held in place by a screw-on piece (the retainer?), which can be removed to change the hole plate.)), it is possible to change the hole plate. By removing the fixing screw the grinder can be disassembled completely for cleaning.  Besides the domestic manually or motor operated grinders, there are also grinders for butchery (table- or shop-grinders for example) and for the food industry.  Some large machines are able to produce several tons per hour.

==History==
The first meat grinder was invented in the nineteenth century by [[Karl Drais]].<ref>((cite web |last1=Bock |first1=Thomas |title=Wenn der Wolf heult |url=https://www.digitalmagazin.de/marken/niedersaechsischer-jaeger/hauptheft/2022-7/jagdausruestung/036_wenn-der-wolf-heult |website=Niedersächsischer Jäger |publisher=Digitalmagazin.de |access-date=20 October 2023))</ref> The earliest form of the meat grinder was hand-cranked and forced meat into a metal plate that had several small holes, resulting in long, thin strands of meat.

Manufacturers developed powered machines as electricity became more accessible, and modern electric meat grinders can process several pounds of meat easily and uniformly. Some models have different attachments to add functionality, such as [[sausage-making]], kibbe, and juicing, which have greatly broadened the way meat grinders are used.

==Mixer unit==
[[File: Sausage making-H-1.jpg|thumb|right|An example of [[sausage making]] with a meat grinder]]
A basic optional feature for larger grinders is the mixer unit. With this unit different kinds of meat (for example beef or pork) can be mixed with each other homogeneously and/or the meat can be mixed with additives, like salt or spices, before grinding it.
Without such a mixer unit, the additives must be mixed into the meat after grinding it, which adversely affects the taste and appearance of most products. Salt is used especially to reduce the concentration of bacteria which preserves it for a longer time and gives a salty taste.

== Commercial vs. home use ==
Commercial meat grinders are used to process thousands of pounds of meat per hour. Frozen meat grinders can process frozen blocks of meat, down to –25&nbsp;°C. The frozen blocks can range from 90×50×15&nbsp;cm to 90×50×20&nbsp;cm, and the force applied from ((convert|80000|N|lbf)) to ((convert|120000|N|lbf)).

There are 2 different drive forms used in industrial meat grinders, a single-rev drive, which is ideal to grind frozen meat blocks using a single auger, and a two-rev drive, which pushes the product through a cutting knife using an auger and then through a perforated plate.

The frozen meat gets pushed by the auger into the star-shaped cutting blade. Once it has been cut, it gets pushed through a second cutting surface, the plate. The plate will further reduce the size of the product and will remove/break up any fat deposits. An example of a very common industrial meat grinder would be the Hobart 48/22 Meat Grinder.

<gallery>
File:AD114-neu.jpg|alt=A man stands before a chest-high boxy machine that is pushing meat into an overflowing plastic bin on wheels.|Automatic grinder AD 114
File: AW00215 Trichter.jpg|alt=A conveying screw is visible at the bottom of this feed hopper.|Feed hopper with the conveying screw of AU 200
File: AW00025 M-AW-Schnecke.jpg|alt=Steel mixer blades are visible inside a hopper.|Mixer of AM130
File: GW300 1.jpg|alt=A large standalone floor machine that includes a loading conveyor belt.|Frozen meat grinder GW 300
File:12 SS & H CCA Meat Grinders.jpg|alt=Two meat grinder attachments, consisting of trays feeding funnels down to the internal screws and perforated plates|Alfa 12 SS and 12 H CCA meat grinder attachments
File: Alfa MC5.jpg|alt=A tabletop meat grinder|Alfa MC5 stand-alone meat grinder
File:Fleischwolf-zerlegt.jpg|alt=Disassembled hand-powered grinder, including crank handle, body with funnel and clamp, auger, pinwheel-shaped internal knife, and perforated plate.|Disassembled hand-cranked grinder
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Food processor]]
* [[Ground beef]]

==References==
((commons category|Meat grinders))
((Reflist))

((Kitchen tools))

[[Category:Food preparation appliances]]
[[Category:Garde manger]]
[[Category:Ground meat]]

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