The Medicare Quality Cancer Care Demonstration Act of 2009 (H.R. 2872) in the United States is a federal program designed to improve the quality of cancer care for elderly individuals covered by Medicare, with a particular focus on approximately 45% of cancer patients who are beneficiaries of the Medicare program.

This legislation for the Medicare Quality Cancer Care Demonstration Act was proposed in the US congress by Congressman Artur Davis (D-AL), with co-sponsorship from Representatives Steve Israel (D-NY) and Mary Jo Kilroy (D-OH), aims to enhance the quality of care for seniors while also addressing cost control measures.

The Quality Cancer Care Demonstration (QCCD) project was developed by a community of oncologists, with inputs from policy experts, to be a national Medicare demonstration project focused on two key aspects of cancer care: treatment planning and end-of-life care. Treatment planning involves all essential components of establishing the cancer care plan and monitoring its effectiveness. End-of-life care involves all essential components of patient-centric cancer care, relating to individuals facing end-of-life planning and decision-making.

By the Medicare payment system, H.R. 2872 calls for national reporting of key metrics of evidence-based care, and also refines those metrics; develops new Medicare performance-based reimbursement system that is patient-centric and quality driven, while aligning better with cost control.

The bill includes the following elements:^[1]

• Establish a national Medicare demonstration project implemented by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and is open to all oncology practices.
• Address current shortcomings in treatment planning and end-of-life care by improving metrics and aligning incentives relating to the care.
• Quality reporting measures by oncologists through the Medicare reimbursement system, concerning their treatment plans and end-of-life care. It would also include refinement and improvement of these plans.
• Allocate $300 million per year in Medicare funding to revise the Medicare payment system. Those payments would be based on quality and cost-efficiency.
• Incorporate the key elements under discussion in the healthcare reform debate — quality care delivery, evidence-based medicine, care coordination, patient-centric, cost control, health information technology, and pay-for-performance — in producing an evolved payment system.
• Evaluation of QCCD to determine the participation of oncologists and cost-effectiveness of the plan.
• Conducting of a demonstration project over a period of not less than two years to allow for improvement in reporting, metrics, and analysis.
• A substantive project that can be implemented within 6 months by CMS and will be available to all oncologists nationwide.
• Could serve as a model for other areas of specific care relating to terminal illness for Medicare beneficiaries.

• National Quality Cancer Care Demonstration Project Act of 2009