Class of chemical compounds
Mixed-anion compounds , heteroanionic materials or mixed-anion materials are chemical compounds containing cations and more than one kind of anion . The compounds contain a single phase, rather than just a mixture.[1] [2]
Use in materials science [ edit ] By having more than one anion, many more compounds can be made, and properties tuned to desirable values.[3]
In terms of optics, properties include phosphorescence , photocatalysis ,[4] laser damage threshold, refractive index , birefringence , absorption particularly in the ultraviolet or near infrared , non-linearity .[5]
Mechanical properties can include ability to grow a large crystal, ability to form a thin layer, strength, or brittleness.
Thermal properties can include melting point , thermal stability , phase transition temperatures, thermal expansion coefficient .
For electrical properties, electric conductivity, band gap , superconducting transition temperature piezoelectricity , pyroelectricity , ferromagnetism , dielectric constant , charge-density wave transition can be adjusted.
Many of the non-metals that could make mixed-anion compounds may have greatly varying volatilities. This makes it more difficult to combine the elements together. Compounds may be produced in a solid state reaction, by heating solids together, either in a vacuum or a gas. Common gases used include, oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia, chlorine, fluorine, hydrogen sulfide, or carbon disulfide. Soft chemical approaches to manufacture include solvothermal synthesis , or substituting atoms in a structure by others, including by water, oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen. Teflon pouches can be used to separate different formulations. Thin film deposits can yield strained layers. High pressures can be used to prevent evaporation of volatiles. High pressure can result in different crystal forms, perhaps with higher coordination number .[1]
pnictochalcogenides
chalcohalides or chalcogenide halides[6]
oxohalides , including oxyfluorides , oxychlorides , oxybromides , oxyiodides
fluorosulfides
sulfide chlorides, selenide chlorides, telluride chlorides
sulfide bromides, selenide bromides, telluride bromides
sulfide iodides, selenide iodides , telluride iodides
oxysulfides, oxyselenides
oxyhydrides
halopnictides
fluoropnictides, including fluorophosphides, fluoroarsenides, fluoroantimonides, fluorobismuthides,[7] arsenide chlorides
H
B
BH
B
C
CH
CB
C
N
NH
NB
NC
N
O
OH
OB
OC
ON
O
F
FH
FB
FC
FN
FO
F
Si
SiH
SiB
SiC
SiN
SiO
SiF
Si
P
PH
PB
PC
PN
PO
PF
PSi
P
S
SH
SB
SC
SN
SO
SF
SSi
SP
S
Cl
ClH
ClB
ClC
ClN
ClO
ClF
ClSi
ClP
ClS
Cl
Ge
GeH
GeB
GeC
GeN
GeO
GeF
GeSi
GeP
GeS
GeCl
Ge
As
AsH
AsB
AsC
AsN
AsO
AsF
AsSi
AsP
AsS
AsCl
AsGe
As
Se
SeH
SeB
SeC
SeN
SeO
SeF
SeSi
SeP
SeS
SeCl
SeGe
SeAs
Se
Br
BrH
BrB
BrC
BrN
BrO
BrF
BrSi
BrP
BrS
BrCl
BrGe
BrAs
BrSe
Br
Sb
SbH
SbB
SbC
SbN
SbO
SbF
SbSi
SbP
SbS
SbCl
SbGe
SbAs
SbSe
SbBr
Sb
Te
TeH
TeB
TeC
TeN
TeO
TeF
TeSi
TeP
TeS
TeCl
TeGe
TeAs
TeSe
TeBr
TeSb
Te
I
IH
IB
IC
IN
IO
IF
ISi
IP
IS
ICl
IGe
IAs
ISe
IBr
ISb
ITe
I
Bi
BiH
BiB
BiC
BiN
BiO
BiF
BiSi
BiP
BiS
BiCl
BiGe
BiAs
BiSe
BiBr
BiSb
BiTe
BiI
borohydride-chloride[8]
disulfide dithioorthovanadate[9] halocarbonates, including carbonate fluorides , carbonate chlorides , carbonate bromides
phosphates, including fluoride phosphates , chloride phosphate, phosphate molybdates, phosphate arsenates
borates
halide borates, including fluoride borates borate chlorides , borate bromides , borate iodides
chalcogenide borates, including sulfide borates [6]
borate carbonates , borate nitrates , borate sulfates , borate phosphates
borate acetates
Condensed borates: borosulfates , boroselenates , borotellurates , boroantimonates , borophosphates , boroselenites
sulfates
selenite fluorides
iodate fluorides
Silicates
Some elements can form several kinds of anions, and compounds may exist with more than one. Examples include the iodate periodates,[10] sulfite sulfates , selenate selenites , tellurite tellurates , nitrate nitrites , phosphate phosphites , and arsenate arsenites .
These kinds also include different oligomeric forms such as phosphates or fluorotitanates, such as [Ti4 F20 ]4- and [TiF5 ]− .[11]
borate acetate
oxalate formate
^ a b Kageyama, Hiroshi; Hayashi, Katsuro; Maeda, Kazuhiko; Attfield, J. Paul; Hiroi, Zenji; Rondinelli, James M.; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R. (22 February 2018). "Expanding frontiers in materials chemistry and physics with multiple anions" . Nature Communications . 9 (1): 772. Bibcode :2018NatCo...9..772K . doi :10.1038/s41467-018-02838-4 . PMC 5823932 . PMID 29472526 .
^ Kageyama, Hiroshi; Ogino, Hiraku; Hasegawa, Tetsuya (26 June 2023). Mixed Anion Compounds . Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 978-1839165122 .
^ Takeiri, Fumitaka; Kageyama, Hiroshi (15 December 2018). "Mixed-Anion Compounds: A New Trend in Solid State Chemistry" . Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi . 60 (5–6): 240–245. Bibcode :2018NKG....60..240T . doi :10.5940/jcrsj.60.240 .
^ Maeda, Kazuhiko; Takeiri, Fumitaka; Kobayashi, Genki; Matsuishi, Satoru; Ogino, Hiraku; Ida, Shintaro; Mori, Takao; Uchimoto, Yoshiharu; Tanabe, Setsuhisa; Hasegawa, Tetsuya; Imanaka, Nobuhito; Kageyama, Hiroshi (15 January 2022). "Recent Progress on Mixed-Anion Materials for Energy Applications" . Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan . 95 (1): 26–37. doi :10.1246/bcsj.20210351 . S2CID 244141502 .
^ Li, Yan-Yan; Wang, Wen-Jing; Wang, Hui; Lin, Hua; Wu, Li-Ming (7 June 2019). "Mixed-Anion Inorganic Compounds: A Favorable Candidate for Infrared Nonlinear Optical Materials". Crystal Growth & Design . 19 (7): 4172–4192. doi :10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00358 . S2CID 197213596 .
^ a b Xiao, Jin-Rong; Yang, Si-Han; Feng, Fang; Xue, Huai-Guo; Guo, Sheng-Ping (September 2017). "A review of the structural chemistry and physical properties of metal chalcogenide halides" . Coordination Chemistry Reviews . 347 : 23–47. doi :10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.010 .
^ Saparov, Bayrammurad; Singh, David J.; Garlea, Vasile O.; Sefat, Athena S. (8 July 2013). "Crystal, magnetic and electronic structures and properties of new BaMnPnF (Pn = As, Sb, Bi)" . Scientific Reports . 3 (1): 2154. arXiv :1306.5182 . Bibcode :2013NatSR...3E2154S . doi :10.1038/srep02154 . PMC 6504822 . PMID 23831607 .
^ Ravnsbaek, Dorthe B.; Sørensen, Lise H.; Filinchuk, Yaroslav; Reed, Daniel; Book, David; Jakobsen, Hans J.; Besenbacher, Flemming; Skibsted, Jørgen; Jensen, Torben R. (April 2010). "Mixed-Anion and Mixed-Cation Borohydride KZn(BH4)Cl2: Synthesis, Structure and Thermal Decomposition" (PDF) . European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry . 2010 (11): 1608–1612. doi :10.1002/ejic.201000119 .
^ Almoussawi, Batoul; Huvé, Marielle; Dupray, Valérie; Clevers, Simon; Duffort, Victor; Mentré, Olivier; Roussel, Pascal; Arevalo-Lopez, Angel M.; Kabbour, Houria (22 April 2020). "Oxysulfide Ba5(VO2S2)2(S2)2 Combining Disulfide Channels and Mixed-Anion Tetrahedra and Its Third-Harmonic-Generation Properties" (PDF) . Inorganic Chemistry . 59 (9): 5907–5917. doi :10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03674 . PMID 32319754 . S2CID 216073355 .
^ Sun, Jun; Abudouwufu, Tushagu; Jin, Congcong; Guo, Zhiyong; Zhang, Min (17 December 2021). "K 6 (IO 6 H 4)(HI 2 O 6)(HIO 3) 2 (IO 3) 4 ·2H 2 O: A Case of Iodate with Coexisting [I 5+ O 3] and [I 7+ O 6] Units". Inorganic Chemistry . 61 (1): 688–692. doi :10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03436 . PMID 34919392 . S2CID 245278633 .
^ Shlyapnikov, Igor M.; Goreshnik, Evgeny A.; Mazej, Zoran (31 December 2018). "Guanidinium Perfluoridotitanate(IV) Compounds: Structural Determination of an Oligomeric [Ti6F27]3– Anion, and an Example of a Mixed-Anion Salt Containing Two Different Fluoridotitanate(IV) Anions". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry . 2018 (48): 5246–5257. doi :10.1002/ejic.201801207 . S2CID 104344701 .