A naval ensign is an ensign (maritime flag) used by naval ships of various countries to denote their nationality. It can be the same or different from a country's civil ensign or state ensign.^[1]

It can also be known as a war ensign. A large version of a naval ensign that is flown on a warship's mast just before going into battle is called a battle ensign. An ensign differs from a jack, which is flown from a jackstaff at the bow of a vessel.

Most countries have only one national flag and ensign for all purposes. In other countries, a distinction is made between the land flag and the civil, state and naval ensigns. The British ensigns, for example, differ from the flag used on land (the Union Flag) and have different versions of plain and defaced Red and Blue ensigns for civilian and state use, as well as the naval ensign (White Ensign). Some naval ensigns differ in shape from the national flag, such as the Nordic naval ensigns, which have 'tongues'.

Countries having specific naval ensigns

Naval ensigns that are different from the civil ensign and the national flag:

Historical naval ensigns

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  Albania (1928–1934)
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  Albania (1946–1954)
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  Albania (1954–1958)
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  Albania (1958–1992)
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  Albania (Coast Guard)(1958–1992)
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  Argentina (1818–1820)
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  Austria-Hungary (1786–1914)
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  Austria-Hungary (1915–1918) - never formally flown by the navy
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  Austria (1926–1934)
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  Australia (1911–1967)
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  Belgium (1941–1950)
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  Bolivia (1966–2013)
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  British East Africa (1953–1962)
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  Brunei (1984–1990)
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  Bulgaria (1878–1944)
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  Bulgaria (1949–1955)
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  Bulgaria (1955–1990)
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  Bulgaria (1991–2005)
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  Burma (1948–1974)
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  Burma (1974–1994)
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  Byzantine Empire (1350–1453)
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  Canada (1910–1911)
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  Canada (1911–1965)
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  Qing Dynasty (1862–1890)
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  Qing Dynasty (1863) - proposed, but never adopted
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  Republic of China (1911)
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  Republic of China (Coast Guard) (1925-1928)
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  Collaborationist China (1942-1945)
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  China (1949-1992)
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  Ceylon (1950–1972)
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  Confederate States (1863–1865)
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  Croatia (1941–1944)
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  Croatia (1944–1945)
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  Czechoslovakia (1935–1939) (1945–1955)
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  Czechoslovakia (1955–1960)
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  Egypt (1922-1953) and Egypt (1953–1958)
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  Principality of Elba (1814–1815)
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  Ethiopia (1955–1974)
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  Ethiopia (1974–1975)
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  Ethiopia (1975–1996)
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  Finland (1918–1920)
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  Finland (1920–1978)
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  France (?–1789, 1814–1815, 1830)
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  France (1790–1794)
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  French Algeria (1848–1910)
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  French Cochinchina (1868–1945)
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  French Indochina (1923-1949)
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  Georgia (1997–2004)
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  Georgia (2004-2008)
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  Teutonic Order (12th Century)
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  Holy Roman Empire (1200-1350)
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  Holy Roman Empire (15th Century)
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  Holy Roman Empire (15th Century)
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  Brandenburg (1650-1694)
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  Prussia (1816-1819)
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  Prussia (1819–1867)
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  German Confederation (1848–1852)
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  North German Confederation and later Germany (1867–1892)
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  Germany (1892–1903)
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  Germany (1903–1918)
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  Germany (1919–1921)
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  Germany (1921-1933)
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  Germany (1933–1935)
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  Germany (1935–1938)
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  Germany (1938–1945)
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  Allied-occupied Germany (1945–1947)
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  East Germany (1960–1990)
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  Ghana (1964–1966)
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  Greece (1833-1858)
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  Greece (1858–1862)
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  Greece (1863-1924 and 1935–1970)
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  Greece (1935)
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  Hawaiian Kingdom (1887)
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  Hungary (1919)
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  Hungary (1921–1939)
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  Hungary (1939–1945)
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  Hungary (1946–1948)
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  Hungary (1948–1950)
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  Hungary (1950–1955)
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  Hungary (1955–1957)
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  Hungary (1957–1991)
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  Iceland (1918–1944)
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  India (1879–1928)
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  India (1928–1950)
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  India (1950–2001)
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  India (2001–2004)
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  India (2004–2014)
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  India (2014–2022)
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  Achaemenid Empire (525 BC-330 BC)
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  Afsharid Empire (1736–1796)
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  Persia (1907-1933)
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  Persia and later Iran (1933-1964)
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  Iran (1964–1979)
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  Iran (1979–1980)
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  Italy (1861-1946)
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  Italian Social Republic (1943-1945)
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  Italy (1947-2013)
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  Tokugawa Shogunate (1800's-1868)
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  Japan (1889–1945)
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  Libya (1977–2011)
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  Lithuania (1927–1940)
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  Malaya (1895–1946)
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  Malaya (1957–1963)
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  Malaya (1963–1968)
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  Manchukuo (1932-1945)
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  Massachusetts (1776-1780)
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  Netherlands (1795–1806)
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  New Zealand (1941-1968)
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  Nigeria (1960–1998)
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  Norway (1844–1905)
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  Papal States (849-1878)
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  Poland (1815–1867)
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  Poland (1919-1928)
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  Poland (River Fleet) (1930-1938)
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  Poland (River Fleet) (1938-1939)
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  Poland (1946–1993)
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  Poland (Auxiliary ships) (1955–1996)
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  Poland (Coast Guard) (1953–1990)
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  Portugal (1830–1911)
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  Romania (1922–1947)
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  Romania (1948–1952)
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  Romania (1952–1965)
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  Romania (1965–1989)
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  Sardinia (1785–1802)
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  Sardinia (1802-1814)
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  Sardinia (1816–1848)
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  South Africa (1922-1946)
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  South Africa (1946–1951)
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  South Africa (1951–1952)
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  South Africa (1952–1959)
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  South Africa (1959–1981)
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  South Africa (1981–1994)
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  South Africa (1994–1998)
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  South Vietnam (1954–1975)
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  Spain (1701-1785)
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  Spanish Etiquette ensign (1701-1760)
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  Spanish Etiquette ensign (1760-1785)
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  Russian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920-1923)
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  Soviet Union (1924–1935)
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  Soviet Union (1935–1950)
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  Soviet Union (1950-1991)
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  Russia (1992-2000)
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  Soviet Union (naval auxiliary ships) (1924–1935)
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  Soviet Union (naval auxiliary ships) (1935–1950)
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  Soviet Union (naval auxiliary ships) (1950-1992)
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  Russia (naval auxiliary ships) (1992-2000)
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  Soviet Union (Coast Guard) (1924–1935)
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  Soviet Union (coast Guard) (1935–1950)
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  Soviet Union (Coast Guard) (1950-1993)
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  Serbia (1882–1918)
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  Sudan (1956–1970)
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  Sweden (1815–1844)
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  Sweden (1844–1905)
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  Siam (1910-1917)
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  Republic of Texas (1836–1838)
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  Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1500's-1737)
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  Tuscany (1737-1749)
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  Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921)
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  Ukrainian State (1918)
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  Ukrainian State (1918-1920)
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  Black Sea Fleet of Russia and Ukraine (1992-1995)
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  Ukraine (1994–1997)
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  Ukraine (Sea Guard) (1993-2001)
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  United Arab Republic (1958–1971)
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  Federation of Arab Republics (1972–1977)
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  Tudor Ensign (1485–1603)
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  Stuart Ensign (1620)
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  England (1620–1702)
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  Commonwealth of England (1649–1660)
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  White Squadron Ensign (1702–1707)
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  Kingdom of Scotland (1603-1707)
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  Great Britain (1707–1800)
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  Serapis flag (1779)
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  Republic of Venice (1400's–1797)
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  State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs and later Yugoslavia (1918–1922)
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  Yugoslavia (1922–1945)
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  Yugoslavia (1942)
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  Yugoslavia (1942-1944)
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  Yugoslavia (1943–1949)
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  Yugoslavia (1949–1992)
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  Yugoslavia and later Serbia and Montenegro (1993–2006)