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((Short description|Car park with public transport connections))
[[Image:ParkAndRideSignOxford20050910.JPG|thumb|right|300px|A road sign for park and ride in Oxford, United Kingdom]]
[[File:MUTCD D4-2.svg|thumb|right|150px|Standard park and ride sign in the United States<ref>((Cite web |title=Standard Highway Signs—PDF and EPS files for New and Revised Signs - FHWA MUTCD |url=https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/shsm_interim/index.htm |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov))</ref>]]
A '''park and ride''', also known as '''incentive parking''' or a '''commuter lot''', is a [[parking lot]] with [[public transport]] connections that allows [[commuting|commuters]] and other people heading to [[city centre]]s to leave their vehicles and transfer to a [[bus]], [[Rail transport|rail]] system ([[rapid transit]], [[light rail]], or [[commuter rail]]), or [[carpool]] for the remainder of the journey. The vehicle is left in the parking lot during the day and retrieved when the owner returns. Park and rides are generally located in the [[suburb]]s of [[metropolitan area]]s or on the outer edges of large cities. A park and ride that only offers parking for meeting a carpool and not connections to public transport may also be called a '''park and pool'''.<ref>((cite web |title=DART First State Park & Ride/Park & Pool Lots |publisher=DART First State |url=https://www.dartfirststate.com/RiderInfo/park-and-ride/pdfs/pnr_current.pdf?050820|access-date=December 21, 2016))</ref>

Park and ride is abbreviated as "P+R" on [[road sign]]s in some countries, and is often styled as "Park & Ride" in marketing.

==Adoption==
In [[Sweden]], a tax has been introduced on the benefit of free or cheap parking paid by an employer, if workers would otherwise have to pay.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.skatteverket.se/rattsinformation/skrivelser/aldrear/2005/skrivelser2005.5.2132aba31199fa6713e800017870.html |language=sv |title=Skatteverkets skrivelse, Information om beskattning av parkeringsförmån |publisher=Skatteverket |access-date=2012-01-19))</ref> The tax has reduced the number of workers driving into the inner city, and increased the usage of park and ride areas, especially in [[Stockholm]].((Citation needed|date=May 2008)) The introduction of a [[Stockholm congestion tax|congestion tax]] in Stockholm has further increased the usage of park and ride.

In [[Prague]], park and ride parking lots are established near some metro and railway stations (about 17 parks near 12 metro stations and 3 train stations, in 2011).<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.dpp.cz/parkoviste/ |title=Aktuální obsazenost P+R &#124; Dopravní podnik hlavního města Prahy |publisher=dpp.cz |language=cs |access-date=2012-01-19))</ref> These parking lots offer low prices and all-day and return (2× 75 min) tickets including the public transport fare.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.tsk-praha.cz/wps/portal/doprava/parkoviste |title=TSK Praha - P+R |language=cs |publisher=Tsk-praha.cz |access-date=2012-01-19))</ref><ref>((cite web |author=Petr Kvapil, Lira IS s.r.o., www.lirais.cz |url=http://www.ropid.cz/cestujeme/p+r,-b+r,-k+r__s191x370.html |title=ROPID-Cestujeme…-P+R, B+R, K+R (od 1.7.2011) |publisher=Ropid.cz |access-date=2012-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325222436/http://www.ropid.cz/cestujeme/p+r,-b+r,-k+r__s191x370.html |archive-date=2012-03-25 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

==Benefits==
[[File:Opatov, P plus R.jpg|thumb|Park and ride parking lot in [[Prague]]-[[Opatov (Prague Metro)|Opatov]] near the metro station, with a ticket machine offering integrated fare]]

Park and ride facilities allow commuters to avoid a [[stress (medicine)|stressful]] drive along congested roads and a search for scarce, expensive city-centre parking. They may well reduce congestion by assisting the use of public transport in congested urban areas.

There is not much research on the pros and cons of park and ride schemes. It has been suggested that there is "a lack of clear-cut evidence
for park and ride's widely assumed impact in reducing congestion".<ref name="autogenerated1">((cite web |url=http://www.tcpa.org.uk/resources.php?action=resource&id=808 |title=Park and ride - politics, policy and planning |publisher=Town and Country Planning Association |date=March 2010 |access-date=2012-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032653/http://www.tcpa.org.uk/resources.php?action=resource&id=808 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

Park and ride facilities help commuters who live beyond practical walking distance from the railway station or bus stop. They may also suit commuters with [[alternative fuel vehicle]]s, which often have reduced range, when the facility is closer to home than the ultimate destination. They also are useful as a fixed meeting place for those [[carsharing]] or [[carpooling]] or using "kiss and ride" (see below). Also, some transit operators use park and ride facilities to encourage more efficient driving practices by reserving parking spaces for [[United States emission standards|low emission designs]], [[High-occupancy vehicle lane|high-occupancy vehicles]], or carsharing.((Citation needed|date=March 2014))

Many park and rides have passenger waiting areas and/or toilets. [[Public transport timetable|Travel information]], such as leaflets and posters, may be provided. At larger facilities, extra services such as a travel office, food shop, [[car wash]], or [[cafeteria]] may be provided. These are often encouraged by municipal operators to encourage use of park and ride.((Citation needed|date=March 2009))
==Bus park and rides==
[[File:AC Transit route 36 bus at West Oakland station, February 2018.JPG|thumb|An [[AC Transit]] bus at the [[West Oakland station]] park and ride in 2018]]
Park and ride facilities, with dedicated parking lots and bus services, began in the 1960s in the UK. [[Oxford]] operated the first such scheme, initially with an experimental service operating part-time from a motel on the [[A34 road (England)|A34]] in the 1960s and then on a full-time basis from 1973.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/10859209.How_Oxford_led_the_way_to_create_Park_and_Rides/|title=How Oxford led the way to create Park and Rides|website=Oxford Mail|date=6 December 2013 |language=en|access-date=2018-04-19))</ref> [[Better Choice Parking]] first offered an airport park and ride service at [[London Gatwick Airport]] in 1978.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.airport-parking-shop.co.uk/main/bcp-parking.html |title=BCP Company Information & ar parking lots Offered |publisher=Airport Parking Shop |access-date=2012-01-19))</ref> Oxford now operates park and ride from 5 dedicated parking lots around the city.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.oxfordbus.co.uk/content/doc/cms/companyhistory.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318011104/http://www.oxfordbus.co.uk/content/doc/cms/companyhistory.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-18 ))</ref> As of 2015, Oxford has the biggest urban park & ride network in the UK with a combined capacity of 5,031 car parking spaces.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://voyager.oxfordshire.gov.uk/Carpark.aspx |title=Park and ride car parks |access-date=2015-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925095850/http://voyager.oxfordshire.gov.uk/Carpark.aspx |archive-date=2015-09-25 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

==Railway park and rides==
((Main|Park-and-ride railway station))
[[File:Dongan Hills SIRT parking jeh.jpg|thumb|Park and ride lot adjacent to the [[Dongan Hills (Staten Island Railway station)|Dongan Hills station]] in [[Staten Island]], [[New York City]]]]
((Unreferenced section|date=March 2009))
Some [[railway station]]s are promoted as a park and ride facility for a town a few miles away, for instance ((Stnlnk|Liskeard)) for [[Looe]] and [[St Erth railway station|St Erth]] for [[St Ives, Cornwall|St &nbsp;Ives]], both in [[Cornwall]], England, and [[Norden railway station  (England)|Norden]] for [[Swanage]], [[Dorset]], England (by [[Swanage Railway|steam railway]]). These help relieve traffic congestion and parking problems in the town. In contrast, some stations act as a railhead, easily accessed by road, for long-distance traffic. Names of stations in the UK with large car parks outside the main urban area are often suffixed with "Parkway", such as ((Stnlnk|Bristol Parkway)), ((Stnlnk|Tiverton Parkway)), and ((Stnlnk|Oxford Parkway)). At ((Stnlnk|Luton Airport Parkway)) and ((Stnlnk|Southampton Airport Parkway)), the stations are there to serve air as well as road passengers.

In the [[United States]], it is common for outlying rail stations to include automobile parking, often with hundreds of spaces.

== Bike and ride ==
[[File:Bikes at Brickell station.jpg|thumb|right|A busy bike-and-ride facility at a [[Miami Metrorail]] station]]
B & R (B + R) is a name for using cycle boxes or [[Bicycle parking rack|racks]] near public transport terminals, mostly together with P & R parking lots. This system can be promoted through integrated fare and tickets with public transport system.<ref>((cite web |url=http://doprava.praha-mesto.cz/%28515qtz3kbglzmk554vtdtv55%29/zdroj.aspx?typ=2&Id=63536&sh=502365656 |title=Doprava: Pražská integrovaná doprava a cyklisté |publisher=Doprava.praha-mesto.cz |date=2005-06-22 |access-date=2012-01-19 |archive-date=2011-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122211030/http://doprava.praha-mesto.cz/(4ltjitr1uveakcr1nu4y1c55)/zdroj.aspx?typ=2&Id=63536&sh=502365656 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

==((Anchor|Kiss and ride|Kiss and fly)) Kiss and ride / kiss and fly==
[[Image:Marta kiss ride.jpg|thumb|upright|Kiss-and-ride sign at a [[Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority|MARTA]] station]]

Many railway stations and airports feature a "kiss-and-ride" or "kiss-and-fly" area in which cars can stop briefly to discharge or, less commonly, pick up passengers. The term first appeared in a 20 January 1956 report in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.<ref name="LATimes">((cite news |title=kiss and ride |work=A Way With Words |url=http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/citations/kiss_and_ride_2/ |access-date=2014-03-01))</ref> It refers to the nominal scenario whereby a passenger is driven to the station by spouse or [[Significant other|partner]]; they kiss each other goodbye before the passenger catches the train.<ref name="LATimes" /><ref>((cite book |title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo00crys_211 |url-access=limited |author=David Crystal |author-link=David Crystal |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-53033-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo00crys_211/page/n145 285]))</ref>

[[Deutsche Bahn]] has announced that it will be changing the English expressions for Kiss and Ride, Service Points and Counters to German ones.<ref>((cite news |title=German railways shunt English into sidings |work=BBC News |date=16 February 2010 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8519246.stm |access-date=2010-02-17))</ref> In [[Italy]] the new [[Bologna Centrale railway station]] uses the "kiss and ride" signs.<ref>((cite news |title=Alta velocità. Nella stazione di Bologna apre alle auto il Kiss and ride |publisher=Radio Città del Capo |date=22 September 2014 |url=http://www.radiocittadelcapo.it/archives/bologna-stazione-alta-velocita-kiss-and-ride-153763/ |access-date=2015-03-04))</ref> Some [[Taiwan High Speed Rail|high-speed railway]] stations in [[Taiwan]] have signs outside stations reading "Kiss and Ride" in English, with [[Chinese language|Chinese]] characters above the words that read "temporary pick-up and drop-off zone".<ref>((cite news |title=Kiss and ride signs stump Taiwan rail passengers |publisher=Reuters |date=5 February 2007 |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUKTP26246820070205 |access-date=2007-09-27))</ref> Kiss and Ride are getting popular in [[Poland]].<ref name="tvs-kandr">((cite news |title= Kiss and Ride, czyli... Pocałuj i Jedź. Parking do całowania? Jak z tego korzystać? - TVS.pl |url= https://tvs.pl/informacje/kiss-and-ride-czyli-pocaluj-i-jedz-parking-do-calowania-jak-z-tego-korzystac/ |newspaper=TVS.pl |date= 6 July 2016))</ref> Cities with such areas include [[Wrocław]] (since October 2011),<ref>((cite web |access-date= 2011-10-07 |title= Kiss&ride: Całuśny znak przy stacji PKP |url= https://wroclaw.naszemiasto.pl/kissride-calusny-znak-przy-stacji-pkp/ar/c4-3178037 |website= wroclaw.naszemiasto.pl|date= 7 October 2011 ))</ref> [[Kraków]] (since 15 November 2013),<ref>((cite web |access-date= 2017-10-29 |title= ZIKiT - Komunikacja Miejska w Krakowie - Pocałuj i Jedź |url= http://kmkrakow.pl/pocaluj-i-jedz.html |website= kmkrakow.pl))</ref> [[Warsaw]] (since 2016),<ref>((cite web |access-date= 2017-10-29|title=Powstają strefy "pocałuj i jedź". Mają ułatwić podwożenie do metra |url=http://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/1,34862,20049987,powstaja-strefy-pocaluj-i-jedz-maja-ulatwic-podwozenie-do.html|website=warszawa.wyborcza.pl))</ref> or Toruń (since 2016).<ref>((cite news|title="Pocałuj i jedź". Jest pierwszy postój "Kiss & Ride"|url=https://gra.fm/pocaluj-i-jedz-jest-pierwszy-postoj-kiss-ride.html|newspaper=Radio Gra Toruń))</ref> Locally they are known by its English name, i.e. "Kiss and ride" and while the sign is non-standardized, all of them contain the letters K+R.<ref name="tvs-kandr" /><ref>((cite news |title= K+R (KISS & RIDE). POCAŁUJ I JEDŹ NA JORDANKACH! |website= ototorun.pl |url= https://ototorun.pl/artykul/kr-kiss-ride-pocaluj/107491 |date= 29 November 2016))</ref> In the Netherlands, many English terms are lifted straight into the Dutch language, and'' 'Kiss & Ride' ''is one of them.

==Car-share park and rides==
Park and ride schemes do not necessarily involve public transport. They can be provided to reduce the number of cars on the road by promoting [[carpool]]ing, [[vanpooling]],<ref>((cite web |title=Park and Ride ((!)) Commuter Park'n'ride Options|url=http://www.vride.com/park-and-ride-commuter-park-n-ride-options|publisher=Vride|access-date=21 September 2012))</ref> and [[carsharing]]. Partly because of the concentration of riders, and thus a reduced number of vehicles, these park and ride terminals often have express transit services into the urban area, such as a [[high-occupancy vehicle lane]]. The service may take passengers in only one direction in the morning (typically towards a [[central business district]]) and in the opposite direction in the evening, with no or a limited number of trips available in the middle of the day. It is often not allowed to park at these locations overnight. These attributes vary from region to region.

==See also==
((Commons category|Park and Ride))

* [[ARTM park and ride lots]]
* [[Park and ride bus services in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Parking lot]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

((Public transport))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Commuting]]
[[Category:Parking facilities]]
[[Category:Parking]]
[[Category:Sustainable transport]]

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