The Quaquerni or Querquerni were an ancient tribe of Gallaecia, living in the Baixa Limia region of southern Galicia, where the Roman fort of Aquis Querquennis has been found.[1]

Ethnonym

Aquis Querquennis Roman fort, Bande, Galicia

Historical sources

The Quaquerni are also known by the name Quarquerni,[2] Querquernoi,[3] or Quacernoi. Their ethnonym is registered as Κουακερνοί (Kouakernoí), by Greek geographer Ptolemy in his Geographies.[4] Scholars see a possible connection with Venetic Quarqueni, as registered by Pliny[5][6] and located somewhere in historical Istria.[7]

Etymology

The name Querquerni is probably related to Latin quercus ("oak"),[8][9] which stems from Proto-Indo-European root *pérkʷus, meaning "oak". It is probably a Q-Celtic formation meaning "the Oak People / Warriors",[10][1][11][12][13] related to:

Location

Ancient sources tell of a place named Aquae Quarquernae.[17][7] Alternate names are Aquis Querquennis and Aquis Cercennis.[18]

Relations to other tribes

The Quaquerni were a subdivision of the Gallaeci Bracarii.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Manuel Albaladejo Vivero (2012). Léxico de topónimos y etnónimos del Noroeste de la Península Ibérica en la Antigüedad. Polifemo Ediciones. p. 132. ISBN 978-84-96813-63-2.
  2. ^ Guerra, Amilcar. (2005). Povos, cultura e língua no Ocidente Peninsular: uma perspectiva, a partir da toponomástica. Palaeohispánica: Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania antigua, ISSN 1578-5386, Nº. 5, 2005 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Actas del IX coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas paleohispánicas (Barcelona, 20-24 de octubre de 2004)), p. 806.
  3. ^ Plinius Secundus, Gaius. Geographie: Europea. Bucher 3. 2. Auflage. Roderich König und Gerhard Winkler. Düsseldorf/Zürich: Patmos Verlg GmbH & Co. KG. 2002. p. 498. ISBN 3-7608-1583-9.
  4. ^ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), QUERQUERNI".
  5. ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2014). García Alonso, Juan Luis (ed.). Continental Celtic Word Formation: The Onomastic Data. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. p. 190. ISBN 978-84-9012-383-6.
  6. ^ Whatmough, Joshua. Language 26, no. 2 (1950): 302-04. doi:10.2307/410070.
  7. ^ a b Moralejo, Juan J. "Labiovelares en material galaico y lusitano". In: Callaica Nomina: Estudios de Onomástica Gallega. Biblioteca Filolóxica Galega. Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza, D.L. 2007. pp. 231.
  8. ^ Luján Martinez, Eugenio R. (2006) "The Language(s) of the Callaeci," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6, Article 16. p. 724. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/16
  9. ^ Rhys, John. "II. The Celts and the other Aryans of the P and Q Groups". In: Transactions of the Philological SocietyVolume 22, Issue 1. Oxford: Published for the Society by B. Blackwell. 1893 [December, 1891]. pp. 108-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968X.1891.tb00643.x
  10. ^ a b Lajoye, Patrice; Oudaer, Guillaume (2014). "*Percos/*Ercos: An Unknown Celtic Theonym". The Journal of Indo-European Studies. 42 (1–2): 40–100. ISSN 0092-2323.
  11. ^ Curchin, Leonard A. (2008) Estudios GallegosThe toponyms of the Roman Galicia: New Study. CUADERNOS DE ESTUDIOS GALLEGOS LV (121): 111.
  12. ^ Falileyev 2007, s.v. Quarquerni and Aquae Quarquernae.
  13. ^ de Bernando Stempel, Patrizia (2014-05-19). Linguistically Celtic ethnonyms: towards a classification: in "Celtic and Other Languages in Ancient Europe". Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. p. 102.
  14. ^ a b Ranko Matasović (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Brill. p. 178. ISBN 978-90-04-17336-1.
  15. ^ Xavier Delamarre, La langue gauloise : Une approche linguistique du vieux celtique continental, éditions Errance, Paris, 2003, pp. 164 - 165.
  16. ^ DELAMARRE 164 - 165.
  17. ^ Suarez, Plácido. "La estructuración territorial y étnica del Conventus Bracarensis". In: MINIUS. Revista do Departamento de Historia, Arte e Xeografía. Universidade de Vigo. Servizo de Publicacións. Nº X, 2002. pp. 111-112, 119 and 127.
  18. ^ Búa, Carlos (2007). "O Thesaurus Palaeocallaecus, un proxecto que quere botar a andar". In: Dieter Kremer (Hrsg.). Onomástica galega: on especial consideración da situación prerromana. Actas do primeiro Coloquio de Trier (19-20.05.2006), Santiago de Compostela, 2007, p. 27.

Bibliography

External links

Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
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