You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.200.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 16:45, 10 February 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 March 2025
Your current IP address is 44.200.254.7. The blocked range is 44.200.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Process of purification))
((More citations needed|date=February 2024))
'''Refining''' (also perhaps called by the mathematical term '''affining''') is the process of [[List of purification methods in chemistry|purification]] of a (1) [[chemical compound|substance]] or a (2) [[Theory of Forms|form]]. The term is usually used of a [[natural resource]] that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form.<ref>((Cite book |last=Parkash |first=Surinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FWWL64UreQ4C&q=%22Refining%22+-wikipedia |title=Refining Processes Handbook |date=2003-10-16 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-052385-9 |pages=xii |language=en))</ref> For instance, most types of natural [[petroleum]] will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly clog an [[engine]] with residues and by-products. The term is broad, and may include more drastic transformations, such as the reduction of [[ore]] to [[metal]] (for which see [[Refining (metallurgy)]]).

The refining of [[liquid]]s is often accomplished by [[distillation]] or [[fractional distillation|fractionation]]; this process is useful, for example, for isolating different fractions of [[petroleum]].  [[Gas]]es can be refined in this way as well, by being cooled and/or compressed until they liquefy. Gases and liquids can also be refined by [[solvent extraction|extraction]] with a selective [[solvent]] that dissolves away either the substance of interest, or the unwanted impurities.

Many [[solid]]s can be refined by growing [[crystal]]s in a [[Solution (chemistry)|solution]] of the impure material; the regular structure of the crystal tends to favor the desired material and exclude other kinds of particles.

[[Chemical reaction]]s are often used to remove impurities of particular types.

The use of [[silicon]] and other [[semiconductor]]s in [[electronics]] depends on precise control of impurities. The [[zone melting]] process developed by [[William Gardner Pfann]] was used to produce pure [[germanium]], and subsequently [[float-zone silicon]] became available when Henry Theuerer of [[Bell Labs]] adapted Pfann's method to silicon.

Types of materials that are usually refined:
* [[metal]]s (see [[Refining (metallurgy)]]
* [[petroleum]] (see [[Oil refinery]])
* [[silicon]]
* [[sugar]] (see [[Sugar refinery]])
* [[flour]] (see [[Gristmill]])
* [[table salt]]
* [[vegetable oil]] (see [[Cooking oil#Refinement|Food oil refinement]] for food use and [[Vegetable oil refining (disambiguation)|Vegetable oil refining]] for biofuel use)
* [[air]]
* [[refining (glass)|glass]]

==See also==
*[[Continuous distillation]]
*[[Natural gas processing]]
*[[Refinery]]
*[[Wafer (electronics)]]
*[[Air separation]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Industrial processes]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Refining (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Refining.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining"