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((short description|Major tectonic plate which includes most of South America and a large part of the south Atlantic))
((refimprove|date=February 2013))
((Infobox tectonic plate
| image = File:SouthAmericanPlate.png
| alt = The South American Plate
| type = [[List of tectonic plates#Major plates|Major]]
| area = ((convert|43,600,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on))<ref>((cite web |title=Here are the Sizes of Tectonic or Lithospheric Plates |url=http://geology.about.com/library/bl/blplate_size_table.htm |website=about.com |access-date=6 April 2018))</ref>
| move_direction = West
| move_speed = ((convert|27|-|34|mm|in|abbr=on))/year
| geo_features = [[South America]], [[Atlantic Ocean]]
))

The '''South American Plate''' is a major [[tectonic plate]] which includes the [[continent]] of [[South America]] as well as a sizable region of the [[Atlantic Ocean]] seabed extending eastward to the [[African Plate]], with which it forms the southern part of the [[Mid-Atlantic Ridge]].

The easterly edge is a [[divergent boundary]] with the African Plate; the southerly edge is a complex boundary with the [[Antarctic Plate]], the [[Scotia Plate]], and the [[Sandwich Plate]]; the westerly edge is a [[convergent boundary]] with the [[subducting]] [[Nazca Plate]]; and the northerly edge is a boundary with the [[Caribbean Plate]] and the oceanic crust of the [[North American Plate]]. At the [[Chile Triple Junction]], near the west coast of the [[Taitao Peninsula|Taitao]]–[[Tres Montes Peninsula]], an oceanic ridge known as the [[Chile Rise]] is actively subducting under the South American Plate.

Geological research suggests that the South American Plate is moving west away from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: "Parts of the plate boundaries consisting of alternations of relatively short transform fault and spreading ridge segments are represented by a boundary following the general trend."<ref>((cite journal |last1=Meijer |first1=P.T. |last2=Wortel |first2=M.J.R. |author-link2=Rinus Wortel |title=The Dynamics of Motion of the South American Plate |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=97 |issue=B8 |pages=11915 |date=July 30, 1992 |bibcode=1992JGR....9711915M |doi=10.1029/91jb01123))</ref> As a result, the eastward-moving and more dense [[Nazca Plate]] is subducting under the western edge of the South American Plate, along the continent's Pacific coast, at a rate of ((convert|77|mm|in|abbr=on)) per year.<ref name="TCLEE 32">((cite book|title=Pisco, Peru, Earthquake of August 15, 2007: Lifeline Performance|year=2010|publisher=ASCE, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering|location=Reston, VA|isbn=9780784410615|url=http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=16540|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114113456/http://www.asce.org/Product.aspx?id=2147486137&productid=16540|archive-date=November 14, 2012))</ref> The collision of these two plates is responsible for [[Andean orogeny|lifting]] the massive [[Andes Mountains]] and for creating the numerous [[volcano]]es (including both [[stratovolcano]]es and [[shield volcano]]es) that are strewn throughout the Andes.<ref>((cite web |title=Convergent Plate Boundaries - Oceanic/Continental: The Andes |url=https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Convergent/Oceanic-continental |website=The Geological Society |access-date=2 July 2018))</ref><ref>((cite web |last1=Penvenne |first1=Laura Jean |title=South America buckles under the pressure |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14920142-800-south-america-buckles-under-the-pressure/ |website=New Scientist |access-date=2 July 2018 |date=27 January 1996))</ref>

==See also==

* [[Fifteen-Twenty Fracture Zone]]

==References==

((reflist))

((Tectonic plates))
((Tectonics of South America))
((Tectonism in Colombia|state=collapsed))

[[Category:Tectonic plates]]
[[Category:Geology of Argentina]]
[[Category:Geology of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Geology of Brazil]]
[[Category:Geology of Chile]]
[[Category:Geology of Colombia]]
[[Category:Geology of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Geology of Peru]]
[[Category:Geology of Uruguay]]
[[Category:Geology of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Geology of the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Natural history of South America]]

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