This is a list of Stonehenge replicas and derivatives that seeks to collect all the non-ephemeral examples together. The fame of the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge in England has led to many efforts to recreate it, using a variety of different materials, around the world. Some have been carefully built as astronomically aligned models whilst others have been examples of artistic expression or tourist attractions.
The only astronomically aligned, full-scale, "exact" replica of (a pristine) Stonehenge in natural stone (granite) is Esperance Stonehenge at Esperance, Western Australia. It cost over A$250,000 to build. Some of the blocks weigh more than 50 tonnes.[1]
Stonehenge Aotearoa, in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand, is a modern adaptation aligned with the astronomy seen from the Antipodes. It was built by the Phoenix Astronomical Society from wood and sprayed concrete.[2]
A full-scale replica in sandstone was started in the rural township of Buckland in Tasmania in the first years of the 21st century, but was demolished by order of the municipal authorities. It did not have the necessary planning approval from the local council.[citation needed]
North America
The Maryhill Stonehenge: A full-size concrete replica of Stonehenge, as it would have been originally built, saw construction commence and had its original dedication on 4 July 1918. Built in Maryhill, Washington by Sam Hill, it was the first monument in the United States to honour the dead of World War I, and specifically soldiers from Klickitat County, Washington who had died in the still on-going war. The altar stone is placed to be aligned with sunrise on the Summer Solstice. Hill, a Quakerpacifist, was mistakenly informed that the original Stonehenge had been used as a sacrificial site, and thus constructed the replica as a reminder that "humanity is still being sacrificed to the god of war" The monument was originally located in the centre of Maryhill, which later burned down leaving only the Stonehenge replica. There was a second formal dedication of the monument upon its completion on 30 May 1929.[3]
There is a full-scale, limestone replica of Stonehenge on private property just northeast of Fortine, Montana, owned by inventor Jim Smith.
A Stonehenge replica is located on the campus of the University of Texas of the Permian Basin in Odessa, Ector County, US. About twenty stone blocks, similar in size, shape, and appearance to the ancient Stonehenge, were unveiled in the summer of 2004.
Foamhenge is a full-size, astronomically aligned Stonehenge made out of foam in Virginia, US.[4]
Bamahenge is a full-size, astronomically-aligned fiberglass replica of Stonehenge located in Baldwin County, Alabama, US.[5]
British Foamhenge, a full-size, correctly aligned replica made from carpet tubes and polystyrene, was constructed for a UK TV programme titled "Stonehenge Live", broadcast in June 2005. The positions of each stone were accurately plotted using RTK GPS, which has centimetric accuracy. The replica quickly became known as "Foamhenge". It was removed soon after filming, and the "stones" placed in storage.
Tankhenge existed in the border zone of Berlin in the early 1990s after the collapse of the Wall. It was constructed from three ex-Soviet armoured personnel carriers.
At the 2007 Glastonbury Festival, England, graffiti artist Banksy constructed a "Stonehenge" made from portable toilets.
In 2012, British artist Jeremy Deller created a life-size inflatable bouncy castle-style replica of Stonehenge titled 'Sacrilege' which first appeared in Greenwich Park, London and other parks in the capital; the interactive artwork has since toured nationally and internationally.[11][12][13]
Bladehenge is the name of a Charlotte Moreton sculpture located at Solstice Park, Amesbury, 2 miles from Stonehenge, England. The final piece of the "Solstice Park Sculptures", it is inspired by aeronautical forms of propellers and turbine, with three twisting steel monoliths designed to recall Stonehenge. It was installed in 2013.[14]
Steel Henge, which is in fact made using iron ingots, at Centenary Riverside Park, Rotherham, Yorkshire, England.[15]
Mystical Horizons, located near Carbury, North Dakota, consists of six granite walls of varying heights that are intended to represent a 21st-century design. It functions as a working solar calendar. It was built in 2005.
Fridgehenge: another modern take on Stonehenge once existed outside of Santa Fe, New Mexico, constructed out of junked refrigerators, known as 'Fridgehenge'. The structure was created by the artist Adam Jonas Horowitz.[21] It no longer exists: all fridges have been removed after a complaint, confirmed on 5 August 2008.
Truckhenge, "an eclectic combination of farm, salvage & recycled art ..... consists of 6 antique trucks jutting out of the ground - reminiscent of England's Stonehenge", Topeka, Kansas[22]
Other
Stonehenge microstructure: in 2004, scientists from the National University of Singapore created the smallest 3D replica of Stonehenge. Measuring only 80 micrometres in diameter, the Stonehenge microstructure was created by a process called silicon micromachining which uses a high-energy proton beam writer to produce 3-D microshapes and structures of high structural accuracy on the surface of materials such as silicon.[23]
In 1995, Graeme Cairns of Hamilton, New Zealand, built a replica of Stonehenge out of 41 refrigerators at a farm in Gordonton.[24]
Hanazono Central Park (花園中央公園, south of Hanazono Rugby Stadium, 1 Chome-1-1 松原南 Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan, has a Stonehenge type pedestrian park feature.
Other replicas
Snowhenge: 6.5 feet (2.0 m) tall and 30 feet (9.1 m) in diameter, consisting of nearly 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) of packed snow
The rock band Black Sabbath had a Stonehenge stage set for the 1983–1984 Born Again tour that ended up being too large to fit in most venues. This was parodied in the film This is Spinal Tap, when the band orders a Stonehenge set but it arrives in miniature due to a confusion between feet and inches.
In 2005, the archaeological television programme Time Team created a replica of a timber circle located near Woodhenge as part of the Stonehenge Riverside Project.
In February 2010, Peter Salisbury, founder of the Michigan Druids, created a 1/3 scale replica of Stonehenge, made of snow, at the MacKay Jaycees Family Park in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It was named Snowhenge.[25]
Muchołapka, a 10 metres tall dodecagonal concrete ring structure with a diameter of 30 metres, which was built during World War II near Ludwikowice Kłodzkie, Lower Silesia, Poland, is nicknamed "Hitler's Stonehenge". It was presumably the base of a cooling tower, but some people claim it was built for testing advanced aircraft. [1], [2]
Comparable archaeological sites
A henge near Stonehenge containing concentric rings of postholes for standing timbers, discovered in 1922, was named Woodhenge by its excavators because of similarities with Stonehenge. The name woodhenge is also used for a series of timber circles found at the Native American site of Cahokia (Cahokia Woodhenge). The timber Seahenge in Norfolk was named as such by journalists writing about its discovery in 1998.
In November 2004, a circle of postholes 7 metres (23 ft) in diameter was found in Russia and publicised as the Russian Stonehenge. Other prehistoric sites elsewhere, often also with proposed astronomical alignments, are often described by journalists as being that region's '"answer to Stonehenge".
In May 2006, reports emerged of an "Amazon Stonehenge" Calçoene, 390 kilometres from Macapá, the capital of Amapá state, near Brazil's border with French Guiana. It comprises 127 stones, possibly forming astronomical observing points.[26]
Box Tunnel, a railway tunnel on the Great Western Main Line (GWML) between Bath and Chippenham, is allegedly aligned so that the sun would shine through it on Isambard Kingdom Brunel's birthday.
Manhattanhenge, in New York City: due to the street grid's skew[clarification needed] of about 28.9° and the strict grid plan on most of Manhattan island, the sunset is aligned with the street grid lines in May and July and the sunrise is so aligned in December and January.
