1635: Military campaign of Ottoman Sultan Murad IV against Iran and conquest of Erivan castle. Conquest of the castles of Maku, Hoy and Tabriz and destruction of their walls. .
1642: In Persia, death of Shah Safi, accession of Shah Abbas II.
1645: Start of the long-lasting Ottoman-Venetian War for the island of Crete by the landing of the Ottoman forces there and the conquest of the castle of Khania.
1683: The Ottomans put Vienna under siege and are defeated in the Battle of Vienna, marking the end of the Turkish advance into Europe. Grand VizierKara Mustafa is executed for the failure of the expedition.
1700: Murshid Quli Khan declares the independence of Bengal and establishes his capital at Murshidabad. By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 11 per cent of the total.