Week 2 Possible problematic areas of Endostyle:

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Week 4 Dissection Project Preferences

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  1. Microbat: This is my number-one pick because I find bats the evolution of the bat skeleton fascinating, especially concerning the flexibility and organization of the bat wing bones, and I would love to get the opportunity to learn more about the internal structure of this animal, as well as challenge myself with the small body size. Possible pages to edit: microbat (the page itself lacks a lot of anatomical information and would be a good option for editing, and it is a start page with mid-impotance), tragus
  2. Iguana: I have never had the opportunity to dissect a lizard, and as the owner of several pet reptiles, I would love to get to know better the internal anatomy of the iguana. Possible pages to edit: iguana (it is a start page of high-importance, however it does have a bit more anatomical information than some others), dewlap, hemipenis
  3. Pigeon: I've always really liked pigeons, and I think it would be a fun opportunity to dissect one. Possible pages to edit: columbidae (though the article itself has a lot more information than some of the other options, it still lacks a section about anatomy), keel (bird anatomy), sclerotic ring

Week 5 Microbat Project Source Suggestions

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Week 6 Drafted Changes

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Things to discuss

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Based on a response from another user on the talk page of the patagium article, I think I need to change directions a little bit in order to prevent the information on the patagium article from becoming too unbalanced. Because of this, we (Neha especially because we may need to be more particular about where our topics overlap) should talk more about to approach my topics of choice. As of right now, I am thinking about adding some of my information to the patagium page directly, while also adding to the anatomy/wing section of the bat page, as well as considering putting another subheading specifically for patagium (similar to what was suggested on the patagium talk page comment- you guys should go read it if you get a chance).

Patagium section within the bat page anatomy section

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The bat patagium is the skin membrane of the bat wing. It covers and is strengthened by the bat's four long, thin hand bones, though the thumb is free-moving. The patagium is stretched between the arm and hand bones, down the lateral side of the body and down to the hind limbs. This skin membrane consists of connective tissue, elastic filaments, nerves, muscles and vessels. The muscles keep the membrane taut during flight.[2] The skin on the body of the bat, which has one layer of each the epidermis and dermis, as well as the presence of hair follicles and sweat glands and a fatty subcutaneous layer, is very different from the skin of the wing membrane. The patagium skin has is comprised of an extremely thin double layer of epidermis, these layers separated by a connective tissue center rich with collagen and elastic fibers. The membrane skin also does not have any hair follicles of sweat glands.[3] Due to this estremely thin membranous tissue, and that a bat's wing is about 85% of its total skin surface are, a bat's wing can significantly provide to its total gas exchange.[3]

Additions to the bat section of the Patagium article page

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Aerodynamics

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The next thing I will talk about is the shape of the patagium in relation to the aerodynamics of flying. While I do have a couple extremely helpful journal articles on the topic, they are very complex and I need to spend a lot more time with them in order to understand the math and physics in relation to anatomy enough to summarize it in the way that it needs to be presented on a forum like wikipedia. This will definitely be my next step in this process.

Moving forward

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Another thing that I plan to do before moving forward with this draft is do some more research about the different patagium sections and their particular makeup, because the references that I have compiled to this point are rather lacking in this area, as is the patagium page itself, outside of just the straight definition.

Editing Draft 2

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(Synthesis of Neha's section and mine: going to split our information into 3 sections, skin physiology/general wing skin makeup, gas exchange, thermoregulation. I also am adding another section, aerodynamics.)

Skin- The bat patagium is the skin membrane of the bat wing. It covers and is strengthened by the bat's four long, thin hand bones, though the thumb is free-moving. The patagium is stretched between the arm and hand bones, down the lateral side of the body and down to the hind limbs.[10] This skin membrane consists of connective tissue, elastic filaments, nerves, muscles and vessels. The muscles keep the membrane taut during flight. The skin on the body of the bat, which has one layer of each the epidermis and dermis, as well as the presence of hair follicles and sweat glands and a fatty subcutaneous layer, is very different from the skin of the wing membrane. The patagium skin is comprised of an extremely thin double layer of epidermis, these layers are separated by a connective tissue center, rich with collagen and elastic fibers. The membrane skin also does not have any hair follicles of sweat glands.[11] 

Gas exchange- Due to this extremely thin membranous tissue, a bat's wing can significantly contribute to the organism's total gas exchange efficiency.[11] Because of the high energy demand of flight, the bat body meets those demands by gas exchange through the skin in the wing. When the bat has its wing in an open spread out position it allows for an increase in surface area to volume ratio. The increase in surface area in the wings allows for about 85% gas exchange of the total body surface area[18]. The subcutaneous vessels in the skin membrane allow for a greater surface area for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. There is also a series of bundles of collagen fibrils, elastic fibers and fibroblasts organized into a network that lies in the wing of the bat[19].

Thermoregulation (needs more editing)- The structure of lungs in bats are similar to that of mammals for blood flow exchange. The bat wings are important in thermoregulation during flight. More than 80% of the energy consumed during flight generates heat as a by- product , and thus it is expected that bat wings should dissipate large amounts of heat to prevent hyperthermia[20].

  1. ^ a b Altringham, John (2011). Bats From Evolution to Conservation. United States: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920711-4.
  2. ^ a b Mehlhorn, Klimpel, Heinz, Sven (2013). Bats (Chiroptera) as Vectors of Diseases and Parasites: Facts and Myths. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 2–27. ISBN 3642393330.((cite book)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b c d Makanya, Andrew N; Mortola, Jacopo P (2017-03-11). "The structural design of the bat wing web and its possible role in gas exchange". Journal of Anatomy. 211 (6): 687–697. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00817.x. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 2375846. PMID 17971117.((cite journal)): CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  4. ^ a b c Swartz, S. M.; Groves, M. S.; Kim, H. D.; Walsh, W. R. (1996-06-01). "Mechanical properties of bat wing membrane skin". Journal of Zoology. 239 (2): 357–378. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05455.x. ISSN 1469-7998.
  5. ^ Norberg, Ulla M. (1972-03-01). "Bat wing structures important for aerodynamics and rigidity (Mammalia, chiroptera)". Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere. 73 (1): 45–61. doi:10.1007/BF00418147. ISSN 0044-3131.
  6. ^ Hedenström, Anders; Johansson, L. Christoffer (2015-03-01). "Bat flight: aerodynamics, kinematics and flight morphology". Journal of Experimental Biology. 218 (5): 653–663. doi:10.1242/jeb.031203. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 25740899.