Wylie | IPA | Tibetan Pinyin |
Tibetan Pinyin example | 2007 proposal | 2007 proposal example | Tournadre | Tournadre example | modified Tournadre | modified Tournadre example |
THDL | THDL example | hybrid system | hybrid system example | TPRS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | a | a | Lama | a | Lama | a | Lama | a | Lama | a | Lama | a | Lama | Láma |
e | e | ê | Gêxê | e | Geshe’ | e | Geshe | e | Geshe’ | e (é) | Geshé | e | Geshe | Gèše |
ad, etc. | ɛ | ai | Zhaibung | ê | Drêbung | ä | Dräpung | ä | Dräpung | e (é) | Drepung | ê | Drêpung | Ḍä̀bû̃ |
i | i | i | Nyingchi | i | Nyingtri | i | Nyingthri | i | Nyingthri | i | Nyingtri | i | Nyingtri | Ñĩ̀ḍi |
o | o | o | Golog | o | Golog | o | Golok | o | Golog | o | Golok | o | Golog | Gòlô’ |
od, etc. | ø | oi | Poi | ö | Pö’ | ö | Bhö | ö | Bhö’ | ö | Bhö | ö | Bhö | Pö̀ ̣’ |
u | u | u | Curpu | u | Tsurpu | u | Tshurphu | u | Tshurphu | u | Tsurpu | u | Tsurpu | Çū́bu |
ud, etc. | y | ü | Gendün | ü | Gendün | ü | Gendün | ü | Gendün | ü | Gendün | ü | Gendün | Gẽ̀dü̃ |
a’i | ɛː | ai | Rigbai | êi | Rigbêi | ä | Rikpä | ǟ | Rigpǟ | e (é) | Rikpé | ê | Rigpê | Rìgbǟ |
k | k | g | Ga'gyü | g | Gagyü’ | k | Kagyü | k | Kagyü’ | k | Kagyü | k | Kagyü | Gáǵü’ |
kh | kʰ | k | Kênbo | k | Kênbo | kh | Khänpo | kh | Khänpo | kh | Khenpo | kh | Khênpo | Kä̃bo |
g (word-initial) | kʰ | k | Kêsar | k | Gesar | gh | Ghesar | gh | Ghesar | g | Gesar | gh | Ghesar | Kèsā |
’g, etc. | k | g | Gandain | g | Gandên | g | Gandän | g | Gandän | g | Ganden | g | Gandên | Gã̀dẽ |
ky | c | gy | Sa'gya | gy | Sagya | ky | Sakya | ky | Sakya | ky | Sakya | ky | Sakya | |
khy | cʰ | ky | Tilgo Kyainzê | ky | Tilgo Kyêndze | khy | Dhilgo Khyäntse | khy | Dhilgo Khyäntse | khy | Dilgo Khyentsé | khy | Dhilgo Khyêntze | Tī́go Cä̃ze |
gy (word-initial) | cʰ | ky | Kyênlog | ky | Kyenlog | ghy | Ghyenlok | ghy | Ghyenlog | gy | Gyenlok | ghy | Ghyenlog | Cẽ̀lôg |
’gy, etc. | c | gy | Gyanzê | gy | Gyandze | gy | Gyantse | gy | Gyantse | gy | Gyantsé | gy | Gyantze | |
ng | ŋ | ng | Ngari | ng | Ngari’ | ng | Ngari | ng | Ngari’ | ng | Ngari | ng | Ngari | |
c | tɕ | j | Jainraisig | j | Jênrêsig | ch | Chänräzik | č | Čänräzig | ch | Chenrezik | j | Jênrêsig | Jä̃́räsi’ |
ch | tɕʰ | q | Qoigyi Nyima | ch | Chögyi Nyima | ch | Chökyi Nyima | ch | Chökyi Nyima | ch | Chökyi Nyima | ch | Chökyi Nyima | |
j (word-initial) | tɕʰ | q | Qonang | ch | Chonang | jh | Jhonang | jh | Jhonang | j | Jonang | jh | Jhonang | |
’j, etc. | tɕ | j | Jamyang Xaiba | j | Jamyang Shêba | j | Jamyang Zhäpa | j | Jamyang Zhäpa | j | Jamyang Zhepa | j | Jamyang Shêpa | |
ny | ɲ | ny | Nyingma | ny | Nyingma | ny | Nyingma | ny | Nyingma | ny | Nyingma | ny | Nyingma | |
t | t | d | Daindzin Gyaco | d | Dêndzin Gyatso | t | Tändzin Gyatsho | t | Tändzin Gyatsho | t | Tendzin Gyatso | d | Dêndzin Gyatso | |
th | tʰ | t | Tubdain Gyaco | t | Tubdên Gyatso | th | Thuptän Gyatsho | th | Thubtän Gyatsho | t | Tupten Gyatso | t | Tubdên Gyatso | |
d | tʰ | t | Tüsum Kyênba | t | Tüsum Kyenba | dh | Dhüsum Khyenpa | dh | Dhüsum Khyenpa | d | Düsum Khyenpa | dh | Dhüsum Khyenpa | |
’d, etc. | t | d | dorjê | d | dorje | d | dorje | d | dorje | d | dorjé | d | dorje | |
tr, etc. | ʈ | zh | zhaxi deleg | dr | drashi’ deleg | tr | trashi delek | tr | trashi’ deleg | tr | trashi delek | dr | drashi deleg | |
thr, etc. | ʈʰ | ch | Chinlai | tr | Trinlê’ | thr | Thrinlä | thr | Thrinlä’ | tr | Trinlé | tr | Trinlê | |
dr, etc. (word-initial) | ʈʰ | ch | Chungba | tr | Trungba | dhr | Dhrungpa | dhr | Dhrungpa | dr | Drungpa | dhr | Dhrungpa | |
’dr, etc. | ʈ | zh | Zhugba | dr | Drugba | dr | Drukpa | dr | Drugpa | dr | Drukpa | dr | Drugpa | |
n | n | n | Nagchu | n | Nagqu | n | Nagchu | n | Nagchu | n | Nagchu | n | Nagchu | Nầgju |
p | p | b | Bawo | b | Bawo | p | Pawo | p | Pawo | p | Pawo | b | Bawo | Báwo |
ph | pʰ | p | Püncog | p | Püntsog | ph | Phüntshok | ph | Phüntshog | p | Püntsok | p | Püntsog | Pü̃́zô’ |
b (word-initial) | pʰ | p | Poin | p | Pön | bh | Bhön | b | Bhön | b | Bön | bh | Bhön | Põ̀ |
’b, etc. | p | b | Banag Xoil | b | Banag Shöl | b | Banak Zhöl | b | Banag Zhöl | b | Banak Zhöl | b | Banag Shöl | Bàna’ Šȫ̀ |
m | m | m | Milaraiba | m | Milarêba | m | Milaräpa | m | Milaräpa | m | Milarepa | m | Milarêpa | Mìlaräba |
ts | ts | z | Zongkaba | dz | Dzongkaba | ts | Tsongkhapa | ts | Tsongkhapa | ts | Tsongkhapa | ts | Tsongkhapa | Zỗ́gaba |
tsh | tsʰ | c | Cering | ts | Tsering | tsh | Tshering | tsh | Tshering | ts | Tsering | ts | Tsering | Çérĩ |
dz (word-initial) | tsʰ | dzh | dzhasak | |||||||||||
’dz, etc. | ts | dz | dzong | |||||||||||
w | w | w | Wangchuk | |||||||||||
zh | ɕ | zh | Zhikatse | |||||||||||
z | s | z | Zurkhang | |||||||||||
’ | (silent) | none | Özer | |||||||||||
y | j | y | Yangpachän | |||||||||||
r | r | r | Ralung | |||||||||||
l | l | l | Lithang | |||||||||||
lh | l̥ | lh | Lhasa | |||||||||||
sh | ɕ | x | sh | Dorje Shukdän | ||||||||||
s | s | s | s | Sera | ||||||||||
h | h | h | Trehor | |||||||||||
hr | ʂ | sh | Yüshu | ṣ | Yüṣū | rh | Yürhu | hr | Yührū | r | Yüru | hr | Yühru | Yǜṣū |
g (syllable coda) | ʔ | k | Geluk | |||||||||||
b (syllable coda) | p | b | xabbai | b | shabbê | p | zhappä | b | zhabpä’ | p | zhappé | b | shabpê | šầbä’ |
s, d (word-final) | ʔ | none | Pholhanä |