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((Short description|Officer in government or business))
((For|the Canadian mountain|The Vice President (mountain)))
((Redirect|VP))
((more citations needed|date=December 2021))

A '''vice president''' or '''vice-president''', also '''director''' in [[British English]], is an [[Corporate officer|officer]] in [[government]] or [[business]] who is below the [[President (corporate title)|president]] (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on the executive branch of the government, university or company. The name comes from the [[Latin]] term ''[[List of Latin phrases (S-Z)#vice|vice]]'' meaning "in place of" and typically serves as ''[[pro tempore]]'' ([[Latin Language|Latin]]: ’for the time being’) to the president.<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=vice- "vice"], etymologyonlive.com</ref> In some countries, the vice president is called the ''deputy president''. In everyday speech, the abbreviation ''VP'' is used.

==In government==
((See also|List of current vice presidents))
[[File:Joe Biden visits China, August 2011 17.jpg|thumb|U.S. vice president [[Joe Biden]] and his Chinese counterpart [[Xi Jinping]] in 2011]]
In [[government]], a vice president is a person whose primary responsibility is to act in place of the [[President (government title)|president]] on the event of the president's death, resignation or incapacity. Vice presidents are either elected jointly with the president as their [[running mate]], or more rarely, appointed independently after the president's election.

Most governments with vice presidents have one person in this role at any time, although in some countries there are two or more vice presidents–an extreme case being Iran's [[Vice President of Iran|12 vice presidents]]. If the president is not present, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to fulfill their duties, the vice president will generally serve as president. In many [[presidential system]]s, vice presidents may not wield much day-to-day political power, but are still considered important members of the [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]], while other vice presidents might not have any purpose beyond acting in place of the president on the event of the president's death, resignation or incapacity. A few vice presidents in the Americas also hold the position of [[president of the senate]]; this is the case, for example, in Argentina, the United States, and Uruguay. The vice president sometimes assumes some of the ceremonial duties of the president, such as attending diplomatic functions and events that the actual president may be too busy to attend; the [[Vice President of the United States]], for example, often attends funerals of world leaders on behalf of the [[President of the United States|president]]. In parliamentary or semi-presidential systems, a vice president may coexist with a prime minister, as is [[Vice President of India|the case in India]] and [[Vice President of Namibia|Namibia]], but the presence of both offices concurrently is rare. 
((anchor|Vice presidents in business))

== ((anchor|Vice President (business))) In business ==
((Further|Director (business)))
In [[business]], "vice president" refers to hierarchical position that ranges from extremely senior positions directly reporting to C-level executives (in non-financial companies), to junior non-management positions with four to 10 years of experience (in financial companies).

In non-financial businesses, vice presidents often report directly to the [[President (corporate title)|president]] or [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of the company and are members of the executive management team. Some [[corporations]] that use this [[Corporate title|term]] may have individuals with the title of vice president responsible for specific business divisions (e.g., vice president for legal, vice president for sales and marketing, vice president for finance, and vice president for human resources).

When there are typically several vice presidents in a company, these individuals are sometimes differentiated with titles denoting higher positions such as executive vice president or senior vice president, with the remaining management team holding the title vice president. The title of assistant vice president or associate vice president is used in large organizations below vice president and there can be a very convoluted list of other types of VPs as seen in the next section.

As many of these VPs have minimal employees reporting to them, their necessity has been questioned, with for example ''[[Inc Magazine|Inc.]]'' magazine arguing to flatten the corporate hierarchy.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.inc.com/will-yakowicz/the-world-isnt-flat-but-companies-should-be.html|title=3 Reasons to Eliminate Hierarchy in Your Company|date=21 November 2013|website=Inc.com|access-date=30 May 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124023117/https://www.inc.com/will-yakowicz/the-world-isnt-flat-but-companies-should-be.html |archivedate=2013-11-24))</ref> Similarly, as universities have adopted a corporate structure<ref>((cite journal|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Slow-Death-of-the/228991|title=The Slow Death of the University|date=6 April 2015|journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education|access-date=30 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407144008/http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Slow-Death-of-the/228991 |archivedate=2015-04-07))</ref> there is concern over administrative bloat<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/research-scores-of-us-top-brass-fail-to-shine|title=Research scores of US top brass fail to shine|date=20 July 2016|website=Timeshighereducation.com |access-date=30 May 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916225151/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/research-scores-of-us-top-brass-fail-to-shine |archivedate=2017-09-16))</ref> and over-paying VPs.<ref>((cite journal|title=Are you overpaying your academic executive team? A method for detecting unmerited academic executive compensation|journal=Tertiary Education and Management|volume=22|issue=3|pages=189–201|date=2016|doi=10.1080/13583883.2016.1181198|last1 = Pearce|first1 = Joshua|s2cid=148102314 ))</ref> Benjamin Ginsberg, a political scientist and professor, has claimed the proliferation of VPs and other administrators is destroying universities.<ref>[[Benjamin Ginsberg (political scientist)|Benjamin Ginsberg]]. ''The Fall of the Faculty: The Rise of the All-Administrative University and Why It Matters'' (2011). Oxford University Press.</ref> "Corporate vice president" is an older term that usually denotes a vice president that is named as a corporate officer by the board of directors.  Not all vice presidents in a company in the modern business environment are named as an official corporate officer.((citation needed|date=June 2015))

===Hierarchy of vice presidents===
Depending on the specific organization, the following may be an example of the hierarchy of the vice presidents. The following list explains where the VP sits in an organization:

*President
*Joint president
*Deputy president
*First executive vice president (FEVP)
*Senior executive vice president (SEVP)
*Executive vice president (EVP)
*Senior vice president (SVP)
*Group vice president (GVP)
*Vice president (VP)
*Additional vice president (Addl. VP) 
*Joint vice president (Jt. VP) 
*Deputy vice president (Deputy VP)
*Associate vice president (Asso. VP)
*Assistant vice president (Asst. VP)
*Chief general manager (CGM)
*Senior general manager (SGM)
*General manager (GM)
*Deputy general manager (DGM)
*Assistant general manager (AGM)
*Chief manager (CM)
*Senior manager (SM)
*Manager (M)
*Deputy manager (DM)
*Assistant manager (AM)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rank
! U.S. executive officer
! UK executive officer
! Investment bank executive officer
! India senior management hierarchy
! Asia Pacific executive officer
|-
| 1
| President (second to chief executive officer)
| Managing director (second to CEO or CxO)
| President
| Managing director (third to chairman, equal or sometimes second to CEO)
| President
|-
| 2
| Deputy president
| Deputy managing director
| Deputy president
| Deputy managing director or group executive or group head
| Deputy president
|-
| 3
| First executive VP or senior EVP
| Executive director
| SEVP
| Joint president or SEVP
| Deputy president
|-
|-
| 4
| Executive VP, group VP
| EVP((citation needed|date=February 2024))
| EVP
| EVP or director
| EVP
|-
| 5
| Senior VP
| Senior director
| Senior managing director
| Senior VP
| Senior VP
|-
| 6
| Corporate VP
| Director
| Managing director
| Group VP
| Corporate VP
|-
| 7
| Vice president
| Deputy director
| Executive director
| Vice president
| Corporate VP
|}

This comparison is not strictly correct, as ''director'' is a legal term, meaning someone registered with the relevant country's company registrar (or simply named in the legal documents, for countries not having company registration) as having managerial control of the company, and having legal responsibility for its operation, whilst a vice president does not. In either case the responsibilities may be overall to the company, a region (US, EMEA, CEE...), business unit or function such as sales, marketing, IT etc.

===In financial services companies===
In financial companies, a "vice president" is usually a seniority rank that denotes higher responsibility, though such may not be leadership. The title does not denote a leadership position within the company, but often a role relatively junior to the executive board. Financial services companies have multiple vice presidents,<ref name="economist">((cite web |url=http://www.economist.com/node/16423358 |title=Too many chiefs |publisher=[[The Economist]] |date=2010-06-24 |accessdate=2023-10-23 |quote=The number of members of LinkedIn, a professional network, with the title vice-president grew 426% faster than the membership of the site as a whole in 2005-09. |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510061519/https://www.economist.com/business/2010/06/24/too-many-chiefs |archivedate=2019-05-10))</ref> possibly because the title is a form of [[delayering]] when an employee can not be moved higher in the organization but still deserves recognition.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.acc.com/legalresources/quickcounsel/lpjtii.cfm|title=The Legal Pitfalls of Job Title Inflation (Part I): Apparent Authority and Employee Misclassification|publisher=Association of Corporate Counsel|year=2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103185921/http://www.acc.com/legalresources/quickcounsel/lpjtii.cfm |archivedate=2014-01-03))</ref>  In most cases, the title merely implies that someone is in a medium-seniority individual contributor role. Larger financial institutions have thousands of employees with the title "vice president".<ref>((cite web| url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304692804577281252012689294| title = Goldman Plays Damage Control - WSJ)) </ref>

==In other organizations==
In other organizations (''e.g.'', [[trade union]]s, societies, clubs) one or multiple vice presidents are elected by the members of the organization. When multiple vice presidents are elected, the positions are usually numbered to prevent confusion as to who may preside or succeed to the office of president upon vacancy of that office (for example: first vice president, second vice president, and so on).<ref name=":0">((Cite book|title = Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised|last = Robert|first = Henry M.|publisher = Da Capo Press|year = 2011|isbn = 978-0-306-82020-5|location = Philadelphia, PA|pages = 457–458|edition = 11th|display-authors=etal|title-link = Robert's Rules of Order))</ref> In some cases vice presidents are given titles due to their specific responsibilities, for example: vice president of operations, finance, etc.<ref name=":0" /> In some associations the first vice president can be interchangeable with executive vice president and the remaining vice presidents are ranked in order of their seniority. Sometimes a vice president is also called ''presidium member'', especially when there are more than person holding the post.

The primary responsibility of the vice president of a club or organization is to be prepared to assume the powers and duties of the office of the president in the case of a vacancy in that office.<ref name=":0" /> If the office of president becomes vacant, the vice president (or in clubs with multiple vice presidents, the VP that occupies the highest-ranking office), will assume the office of president, with the lower vice presidents to fill in the remaining vice presidencies, leaving the lowest vice presidency to be filled by either election or appointment.<ref name=":0" /> If the bylaws of a club specifically provide of the officer title of [[president-elect]], that officer would assume the powers and duties of the president upon vacancy of that office only if specified in the bylaws.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
*((Cite book|title = Spotlight on You the Vice-President or President-Elect|last = National Association of Parliamentarians®|publisher = National Association of Parliamentarians®|year = 1993|isbn = 978-1-884048-203|location = Independence, MO))

==External links==
*[http://www.aipparl.org/ American Institute of Parliamentarians -- www.aipparl.org]

((Corporate titles))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Vice President))
[[Category:Vice presidents| ]]
[[Category:Management occupations]]

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