You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.201.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 23:54, 31 July 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.201.28.123. The blocked range is 44.201.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((short description|Mansion in Caprarola, Italy))((Not to be confused with|text=the [[Palazzo Farnese]] or [[Villa Farnesina]], both in [[Rome]]))[[File:Palazzo Farnese (Caprarola).jpg|thumb|350px|Side view of the main Southeastern front of Villa Farnese]]
[[File:Palazzo Farnese Alto.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Aerial view of the Villa]]
The '''Villa Farnese''', also known as '''Villa Caprarola''', is a [[pentagon]]al [[mansion]] in the town of [[Caprarola]] in the [[province of Viterbo]], Northern [[Lazio]], [[Italy]], approximately ((Convert|50|km|mi)) north-west of [[Rome]], originally commissioned and owned by the [[House of Farnese]]. A property of the [[Republic of Italy]], Villa Farnese is run by the [[Polo Museale del Lazio]]. This villa is not to be confused with two similarly-named properties of the family, the [[Palazzo Farnese, Rome|Palazzo Farnese]] and the [[Villa Farnesina]], both in [[Rome]].

The Villa Farnese is situated directly above the town of Caprarola and dominates its surroundings. It is a massive [[Renaissance]] and [[Mannerist architecture|Mannerist]] construction, opening to the [[Monte Cimini]], a range of densely wooded [[volcanic]] hills. It is built on a five-sided plan in reddish gold [[Rock (geology)|stone]]; [[buttress]]es support the upper floors. As a centerpiece of the vast Farnese holdings, Caprarola was always an expression of Farnese power, rather than a [[villa]] in the more usual agricultural or pleasure senses.

==History==
[[File:Prospetto principale di Palazzo di Caprarola MET DP836552.jpg|thumb|''Prospetto principale di Palazzo di Caprarola'' by [[Giuseppe Vasi]], c. 1746–1748]]

In 1504, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, the future Pope [[Paul III]], acquired the estate at Caprarola. He had designs made for a fortified castle or ''[[Rocca (architecture)|rocca]]'' by the architects [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]] and [[Baldassare Peruzzi]].<ref>Coffin David, ''The Villa in the Life of Renaissance Rome'', Princeton University Press, 1979: 281-5</ref> Surviving plan drawings by Peruzzi show a pentagonal arrangement with each face of the pentagon canted inwards towards its center, to permit raking fire upon a would-be scaling force, both from the center and from the projecting [[bastion]]s that advance from each corner angle of the fortress. Peruzzi's plan also shows a central pentagonal courtyard and it is likely that the later development of the circular central court was also determined by the necessities of the pentagonal plan. The pentagonal [[fortress]] foundations, constructed probably between 1515 and 1530,<ref>Coffin, 1979: 281</ref> became the base upon which the present villa sits; so the overall form of the villa was predetermined by the ''rocca'' foundations.

Subsequently, [[Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)|Cardinal Alessandro Farnese]], a grandson of [[Pope Paul III]], and a man who was known for promoting his family's interests, planned to turn this partly constructed fortified edifice into a villa or country house. In 1556, he commissioned [[Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola]] as his architect,<ref>Coffin, 1979: 285</ref> building work commenced in 1559 and Vignola continued to work on the villa at Caprarola until his death in 1573.<ref>Partridge, Loren W. "Vignola and the Villa Farnese at Caprarola", Part I ''The Art Bulletin'' '''52'''.1 (March 1970:81-87), Part II</ref> Farnese was a courteous man of letters; however, the [[House of Farnese|Farnese]] family as a whole became unpopular with the following pope, [[Pope Julius III|Julius III]], and, accordingly, Alessandro Farnese decided it would be politic to retire from [[Roman Curia|the Vatican]] for a period. He therefore selected Caprarola on the family holding of [[Ronciglione]], being both near and yet far enough from Rome as the ideal place to build a country house.

==Design==
[[File:Hubert Robert 003.jpg|thumb|The ''Scala Regia'' in the Villa Farnese]]
((Other uses|Palazzo Farnese))
The villa is one of the finest examples of [[Renaissance architecture]]. Ornament is used sparingly to achieve proportion and harmony. Thus while the villa dominates the surroundings, its severe design also complements the site. This particular style, known today as [[Mannerism]], was a reaction to the earlier High Renaissance designs of twenty years earlier.

Vignola, the [[architect]] chosen for this difficult and inhospitable site, had recently proved his mettle in designing [[Villa Giulia]] on the outskirts of Rome for the preceding pope, [[Pope Julius III|Julius III]]. Vignola in his youth had been heavily influenced by [[Michelangelo]]. For the villa at Caprarola, his plans as built were for a pentagon constructed around a circular [[colonnade]]d [[courtyard]].<ref>Partridge Loren W., "The Farnese Circular Courtyard at Caprarola: God, Geopolitics, Genealogy, and Gender", ''The Art Bulletin'' '''83'''.2 (June 2001:259-293)</ref> In the galleried court, paired [[Ionic order|Ionic]] columns flank [[Niche (architecture)|niches]] containing busts of the Roman [[Emperor]]s, above a rusticated arcade, a reworking of [[Donato Bramante|Bramante]]'s scheme for the "House of Raphael", in the [[Borgo (rione of Rome)|Borgo]] [[rioni of Rome|rione]], Rome. A further Bramantesque detail is the entablature that breaks forward over the columns, linking them above, while they stand on separate bases. The interior loggia formed by the arcade is frescoed with Raphaelesque [[grotesque]]s, in the manner of the Vatican ''Logge''. The [[Long gallery|gallery]] and upper floors were reached by five [[spiral]] [[stairway|staircase]]s around the courtyard: the most important of these is the ''Scala Regia'' ("Royal Stairs") rising through the principal floors.

===Approach and entrance===
The approach to the Villa Farnese is from the town's main street, which is centred on the villa, to a [[piazza]] from which stairs ascend to a series of [[terrace (gardening)|terraces]] beginning with the subterranean [[basement]] excavated from the [[tuff]], surrounded by steep curving steps leading to the terrace above. This basement floor in the foundations, which functioned as a carriage entrance in inclement weather, features a massive central column with a series of buttresses and retaining walls; on the exterior, large heavily grilled doors in the rusticated walls appear to lead into the guardrooms of a fortress, while above them a curved [[Baluster|balustrade]]d external [[Imperial staircase|double stairway]] leads to the terrace above. This in turn has a formal double staircase to the principal entrance on the ''Piano dei Prelati'' floor which is accessed from the broad terrace. This [[bastion]]-like floor, which appears in the elevation as a second ground floor, is [[Rustication (architecture)|rusticated]], the main door a severe [[arch]] flanked by three windows on each side. The [[facade]] at this level is terminated by massive solid corner projections.

Above this is the double-height ''[[piano nobile]]'', where five huge arched windows incongruously dominate the facade over the front door; above this sit a further two floors for housing gentlefolk with servants above them, the numerous windows divided on the exterior by rusticated pilasters in dressed stone.
[[File:Taddeo Zuccari 003 Entrée de François Ier & Charles V à Paris (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Fasti Farnesiani'' ( Farnese Deeds") by [[Taddeo Zuccari]], portrays [[Francis I of France]] and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]]]

===Interiors===
The villa's interiors are arranged over five floors, each floor designed for a different function. The main rooms are located on the first floor or ''[[piano nobile]]'', where a large central loggia (now glazed in) looks down over the town, its main street and the surrounding countryside. This hall is known as the Room of [[Hercules]] on account of its fresco decorations,<ref>Partridge, Loren W. "The Sala d'Ercole in the Villa Farnese at Caprarola, Part I" ''The Art Bulletin'' '''53'''.4 (December 1971:467-486), "Part II" ''The Art Bulletin'' '''54'''.1 (March 1972:50-62).</ref> and was used as a summer dining hall. It has a [[grotto]]-like fountain with [[sculpture]] at one end. To either side of the loggia are two circular rooms: one is the chapel, the other accommodates the principal staircase or ''Scala Regia'', a graceful spiral of steps supported by pairs of [[Ionic order|Ionic]] columns rising up through three floors and [[fresco]]ed by [[Antonio Tempesta]].

The two grand apartments at first floor level are symmetrically-matched in plan and complete the remaining enclosure of the courtyard. Each has a series of five rooms with [[state room]]s, which begin with the largest reception hall nearest the entrance and proceed, with increasing intimacy and decreased size, to a bedroom, wardrobe and [[Cabinet (room)|''studiolo'']] at the northern end; an ordered suite that would become standardized in the 17th century as the [[State room|Baroque state apartment]]. The different orientations of these two apartments allows for a seasonal differentiation; the east, or summer apartment is associated with the active life, the west, or winter range with the contemplative life.<ref>Baumgart, 1935 noted by Kish 1953:51; Coffin, 1979: 296-7.</ref> The scrupulous symmetrical balance of the two apartments is carried through by their matching [[parterre]] gardens, each reached by a bridge across the [[moat]] and cut into the hillslope.

The suites are famous for their [[Mannerism|Mannerist]] frescoes. The [[Iconography|iconographic program]] of frescoes expressing the glory of the Farnese was worked out by the humanists in Farnese's court, notably his secretary, [[Annibale Caro]];<ref>Robertson, Clare. "Annibal Caro as Iconographer: Sources and Method Annibal Caro as Iconographer: Sources and Method" ''Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes'' '''45''' (1982:160-181); see also Baumgart, Fritz. "La Caprarola di Ameto Orti", ''Studi Romanzi'', '''25''' (1935:80); in 240 Latin verses, ''La Caprarola'' of Ameto Orti (c 1585-89) describes the beauties of the Farnese castello.</ref> The fresco cycles portray the exploits of [[Alexander the Great]], and of course of the Farnese themselves: in the ''Sala dei Fasti Farnesiani'' (the Room of Farnese Deeds), decorated by the brothers [[Taddeo Zuccari|Taddeo]] and [[Federico Zuccari]], the Farnese are depicted at all their most glorious moments, from floor to coffered ceiling.<ref>Partridge, Loren W. "Divinity and Dynasty at Caprarola: Perfect History in the Room of Farnese Deeds", ''The Art Bulletin'' '''60'''.3 (September 1978:494-530).</ref> Other artists employed in fresco decoration include [[Giacomo Zanguidi]] (il Bertoia), [[Raffaellino da Reggio]], [[Antonio Tempesta]], [[Giacomo del Duca]], and [[Giovanni De Vecchi]]. The Flemish painters [[Joos van Winghe]] and [[Bartholomaeus Spranger]] assisted il Bertoia with the decorations in the rooms he had been commissioned to finish.<ref name=ver>Véronique Bücken, "Deux flamands dans l’atelier de Jacopo Bertoja: Joos van Winghe et Bartholomaeus Spranger", in: Jadranka Bertini (red.), Lelio Orsi e la cultura del suo tempo. Atti del convegno internazionale di studi, Reggio Emilia – Novellara 1988, Bologna, 1990, pp. 49–56</ref>

Among the frescoed subjects of the contemplative winter suite is the famous "Room of the World Map" or ''Sala del Mappamondo'', displaying the whole known world as it was in 1574 when the frescoes were completed.<ref>Kish, G. " 'The Mural Atlas' of Caprarola" ''Imago Mundi'' '''10''' (1953:51-56); the date ''1574'' is worked into the border of the map of Europe (p. 53); Kish identifies the sources in contemporary printed maps; the ideology of status, service, and personal merit behind the presentation of maps was interpreted by Partridge, Loren W. "The Room of Maps at Caprarola, 1573-75" ''The Art Bulletin,'' '''77'''.3 (September 1995:413-444); the frescoes are revisited by Quinlan-McGrath, Mary. "Caprarola's Sala della Cosmografi", ''Renaissance Quarterly'' '''50'''.4 (Winter 1997:1045-1100).</ref> Above, the frescoed vault depicts the celestial spheres and the constellations of the [[zodiac]].

===Gardens===
[[File:Waterchain - Villa Farnese - Caprarola, Italy - DSC02264.jpg|thumb|right|The ''catena d'acqua'', with the Casino in the background]]
The gardens of the villa are as impressive as the building itself, a significant example of the [[Italian Renaissance garden]] period. The villa's fortress theme is carried through by a surrounding [[moat]] and three [[drawbridge]]s. Two facades of the pentagonal arrangement face the two gardens cut into the hill; each garden is accessed across the moat by a drawbridge from the apartments on the ''[[piano nobile]]'' and each is a [[parterre]] garden of [[Buxus|box]] [[topiary]] with [[fountain]]s. A [[grotto]]-like [[theatre]] was once here. A walk through the chestnut [[wood]]s beyond, leads to the ''giardino segreto'', or secret garden, with its well-known casino.

====The Casino====
The [[Pavilion|Casino]], a small habitable [[summer house|summerhouse]] with two [[Loggia|loggie]] for ''al fresco'' dining. It was built probably on designs by [[Giacomo del Duca]], with later alterations were made to the area around the casino by the architect [[Girolamo Rainaldi]].<ref>Coffin, 1979: 302 although later alterations were made to the area around the casino by the architect [[Girolamo Rainaldi]].</ref> The casino is approached by stairs contained between heavily [[Rustication (architecture)|rusticated]] grotto walls, with a central ''catena d'acqua'', a [[waterfall|cascade]]d rill or 'water-staircase', which the water flows down to a stone basin. At the top of the steps and set in an oval space are large [[Garden sculpture|statues]] of two reclining river gods to either side of a large central vase fountain. Stairs built into the oval walls lead up to the [[Terrace garden|parterred terrace]] in front of the south facade of the casino. This part of the [[Terrace (gardening)|terrace]] is lined by stone [[herms]] with cypress trees. To the north of the casino is a private garden which steps up slightly and accommodates roses.

==Today==
Alessandro Farnese died in 1589 bequeathing his [[Estate (house)|estate]]s to relations - the Farnese [[dukes of Parma]]. The Cardinal's fabulous collection was transferred eventually to [[Charles III of Spain]] in [[Naples]]. In the 19th century the villa became for a while the residence of the [[heir]] to the [[throne]] of the newly united [[Italy]].

Elements of the villa's Renaissance gardens have influenced many estate gardens of the 19th and 20th century by [[landscape designer]]s, such as [[Beatrix Farrand]], [[A.E. Hanson]], and [[Florence Yoch]].  1920s gardens with a ''catena d'acqua'' include the [[Harold Lloyd Estate]] in [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]] and 'Las Tejas' in [[Montecito, California]], with the latter also having a casino in direct homage to the original at Villa Farnese.<ref>Streatfield, David. "California Gardens: Creating a New Eden."  Abbeville Press. New York, London, Paris. 1994.  ((ISBN|1-55859-453-1)). pp. 127. 107-11.</ref>

The villa Farnese in Caprarola provided the model for the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington D.C]].<ref>((Cite book |last1=Wolk-Simon |first1=Linda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVYFUtkg8yoC&dq=The+Pentagon&pg=PA197 |title=An Italian Journey: Drawings from the Tobey Collection : Correggio to Tiepolo |last2=Bambach |first2=Carmen |last3=Alsteens |first3=Stijn |last4=N.Y.) |first4=Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York |date=2010 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-379-1 |pages=197 |language=en |quote=On Caprarola, see jestaz 1994, pp. 35-48. Caprarola provided the model for the Pentagon in Washington, D.C.))</ref>

Today the casino and its gardens are one of the homes of the [[President of the Italian Republic]]. The empty main villa, owned by the State, is open to the public. The numerous rooms, salons and halls with their marbles and frescoes, and the architecture of the great palazzo-like villa are still as impressive and daunting as they were first intended to be.

==Filmography==
((verify section|date=July 2023))
* Several scenes from the TV series [[Medici: Masters of Florence]] are set in Villa Farnese.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.gismonda.it/en/2017/03/06/medici-masters-of-florence-tv-series-locations-palazzo-farnese-caprarola/|title=Palazzo Farnese a Caprarola: le location della serie tv i Medici Masters of Florence|date=6 March 2017))</ref>
* Several scenes from 2003 movie [[Luther (2003 film)|''Luther'']] was filmed in Villa Farnese, featuring the central courtyard and Scala Regia.
* Scenes of the Vinceguerra Estate in the movie [[The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (film) ]] were filmed in the gardens of the Villa Farnese.

The Villa was depicted both as the interior of Papal Palace in Vatican and as Castel Gandolfo in the original Netflix movie The Two Popes.

Several major scenes were filmed at Villa Farnese’s  Casino (that is “summerhouse” that is not a main villa but separate smaller building with gardens) in 2013 film Romeo and Juliet. Particularly, the loggia of casino served as Juliet’s balcony where Romeo and Juliet exchanged an oath of love; for the filming the empty loggia’s walls were decorated by artificial climbing roses on supports that Romeo used to climb up. The casino’s southern side garden staircase with water cascade ( catena d'acqua) and fountain at the bottom were the ones in the scene of Romeo and Juliet separation at dawn after their first night together.((cn|date=July 2023))

==See also==
*[[Farnese Atlas]]
*[[Grandi Giardini Italiani]]

==References==
((Reflist))
*((cite book|first=Peter J. |last=Murray|title=The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance|url=https://archive.org/details/architectureofit0000murr |url-access=registration |location=London|publisher=Batsford|pages=240ff |year=1963))

== External links ==
((Commons category|Palazzo Farnese (Caprarola)))
*[http://www.colecciondeverda.com/search/label/Grabados%20de%20F.%20Perrier%20%28mitolog%C3%ADa%20y%20antig%C3%BCedad%20cl%C3%A1sica%29 Eros and Psyché frescos in Villa Farnese engraved by F. Perrier from the De Verda Colecction]
*[http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Villa_Farnese.html Great Buildings Online: Villa Farnese - Giacomo Vignola]: images, drawings,  and data.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040827222749/http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/3083/new%20pages/caprarola/caprarola.htm Villa Farnese photographs]

((Landmarks of Lazio))
((Authority control))
((Coord|42|19|47.99|N|12|13|55.19|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=title))

[[Category:Houses completed in 1530]]
[[Category:Villas in Lazio|Farnese, Caprarola]]
[[Category:Gardens in Lazio]]
[[Category:Italian Renaissance gardens]]
[[Category:Mannerist architecture in Italy]]
[[Category:Renaissance architecture in Lazio|Villa Farnese]]
[[Category:1550s in Italy]]
[[Category:National museums of Italy]]
[[Category:Farnese residences]]
[[Category:Duchy of Castro]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Villa Farnese (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Cn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Commons category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Distinguish (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Landmarks of Lazio (edit)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More citations needed section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Not to be confused with (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Replace (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Verify section (edit)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Distinguish (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Villa Farnese.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Farnese"