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((Short description|Classification system for rolling stocks))
((Refimprove|date=December 2009))
[[File:Locotypes mod.gif|thumb|Locomotives of different types (Whyte and UIC wheel notation)]]
In [[rail transport]], a '''wheel arrangement''' or '''wheel configuration''' is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a [[locomotive]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.railway-technical.com/whlarr.shtml |title=Wheel Arrangements |publisher=Railway Technical Web Pages |date=1 August 2011 |access-date=1 August 2011))</ref> Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a [[locomotive]] by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as [[steam locomotive|steam]], [[electric locomotive|electric]], and [[diesel locomotive|diesel]] powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.

==Major notation schemes==
((Commons category|Wheel arrangements))
The main notations are the [[Whyte notation]] (based on counting the wheels), the [[AAR wheel arrangement]] notation (based on counting either the axles or the [[bogie]]s), and the [[UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements]] (based on counting either the axles or the bogies).

'''Whyte notation''' is generally used for [[steam locomotive]]s throughout the [[United States]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]]. For diesels and electrics, [[North America]] uses the '''AAR wheel arrangement''' scheme while British practice uses a slightly simplified form of the European '''UIC classification scheme''' (except for small diesel shunters, where Whyte notation is used).

In mainland [[Europe]], the UIC classification scheme is generally used for all locomotive types including steam, with some exceptions. In [[France]], the UIC classification is used for diesels and electrics while a scheme similar to the Whyte notation, but counting axles instead of wheels, is used for steam locomotives. Notably, [[Switzerland]] had its own separate notation system until 1989, with the [[Swiss locomotive and railcar classification]] now only retained for its [[narrow gauge railway]]s.

*[[AAR wheel arrangement]]  -  Used largely throughout the US and Canada for diesel and electric locomotives.
*[[UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements|UIC classification]]  -  Used in mainland Europe for all locomotive types. Used in the UK for electric and large diesel locomotives.
*[[Whyte notation]]  -  Used in North America, the UK and Ireland for steam locomotives, and for shunter locomotives (US: [[switcher locomotive]]s) in the UK.

== Comparison of wheel arrangements and wheel picture ==

:{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-class="background6"
!VDEV/VMEV/UIC-system
!Whyte-notation
!American name
!Picture scheme<br><small>Locomotive front is to the left</small>
|-
|A1
|[[0-2-2]]
|
|Oo
|-
|A2
|[[0-2-4]]
|
|Ooo
|-
|1A
|[[2-2-0]]
|Planet
|oO
|-
|1A1
|[[2-2-2]]
|
|oOo
|-
|1A2
|[[2-2-4T|2-2-4]]
|
|oOoo
|-
|2((prime))A
|[[4-2-0]]
|Jervis
|ooO
|-
|2((prime))A1
|[[4-2-2]]
|
|ooOo
|-
|2A2
|[[4-2-4T|4-2-4]]
|
|ooOoo
|-
|3A
|[[6-2-0]]
|Crampton
|oooO
|-
|N/A
|[[0-3-0]]
|
|OOO
|-
|B
|[[0-4-0]]
|Four-Wheel-Switcher
|OO
|-
|B1
|[[0-4-2]]
|
|OOo
|-
|B2((prime))
|[[0-4-4T|0-4-4]]
|Forney
|OOoo
|-
|B3((prime))
|[[0-4-6]]
|
|OOooo
|-
|1B
|[[2-4-0]]
|Porter
|oOO
|-
|1((prime))B1((prime))
|[[2-4-2]]
|Columbia
|oOOo
|-
|1B2((prime))
|[[2-4-4T|2-4-4]]
|
|oOOoo
|-
|1B3((prime))
|[[2-4-6]]
|
|oOOooo
|-
|2((prime))B
|[[4-4-0]]
|American, Eight-Wheeler
|ooOO
|-
|2((prime))B1((prime))
|[[4-4-2 (locomotive)|4-4-2]]
|Atlantic
|ooOOo
|-
|2((prime))B2((prime))
|[[4-4-4]]
|Jubilee (CA), Reading (US)
|ooOOoo
|-
|2((prime))B3((prime))
|[[4-4-6]]
|
|ooOOooo
|-
|C
|[[0-6-0]]
|Six-Wheel-Switcher
|OOO
|-
|C1
|[[0-6-2]]
|
|OOOo
|-
|C2((prime))
|[[0-6-4]]
|
|OOOoo
|-
|1((prime))C
|[[2-6-0]]
|Mogul
|oOOO
|-
|[[1((prime))C1((prime))]]
|[[2-6-2]]
|Prairie
|oOOOo
|-
|1((prime))C2((prime))
|[[2-6-4]]
|Adriatic
|oOOOoo
|-
|1((prime))C3((prime))
|[[2-6-6]]
|
|oOOOooo
|-
|2((prime))C
|[[4-6-0]]
|Ten-Wheeler
|ooOOO
|-
|2((prime))C1((prime))
|[[4-6-2]]
|Pacific
|ooOOOo
|-
|2((prime))C2((prime))
|[[4-6-4]]
|Hudson, Baltic
|ooOOOoo
|-
|D
|[[0-8-0]]
|Eight-Wheel-Switcher
|OOOO
|-
|D1
|[[0-8-2]]
|
|OOOOo
|-
|D2((prime))
|[[0-8-4T|0-8-4]]
|
|OOOOoo
|-
|D3((prime))
|[[0-8-6]]
|
|OOOOooo
|-
|1((prime))D
|[[2-8-0]]
|Consolidation
|oOOOO
|-
|1((prime))D1((prime))
|[[2-8-2]]
|Mikado
|oOOOOo
|-
|1((prime))D1((prime))
|[[2-8-2]]T
|MacArthur
|oOOOOo
|-
|1((prime))D2((prime))
|[[2-8-4]]
|Berkshire
|oOOOOoo
|-
|1((prime))D3((prime))
|[[2-8-6]]
|
|oOOOOooo
|-
|2((prime))D
|[[4-8-0]]
|Twelve-Wheeler
|ooOOOO
|-
|2((prime))D1((prime))
|[[4-8-2]]
|Mountain, Mohawk (NYC)
|ooOOOOo
|-
|2((prime))D2((prime))
|[[4-8-4]]
|Northern, General Service (SP), Golden State (SP), Niagara (NYC), Wyoming, Potomac (WM)
|ooOOOOoo
|-
|2D3
|[[4-8-6]]
|
|ooOOOOooo
|-
|3((prime))D3((prime))
|[[6-8-6]]
|''Turbine'' (Pennsylvania Railroad Steam Turbine)
|oooOOOOooo
|-
|E
|[[0-10-0]]
|Ten-Wheel Switcher
|OOOOO
|-
|E1((prime))
|[[0-10-2]]
|Union
|OOOOOo
|-
|1((prime))E
|[[2-10-0]]
|Decapod
|oOOOOO
|-
|2((prime))E
|[[4-10-0]]
|Mastodon
|ooOOOOO
|-
|1((prime))E1((prime))
|[[2-10-2]]
|Santa Fe
|oOOOOOo
|-
|1((prime))E2((prime))
|[[2-10-4]]
|Texas, Selkirk (Canadian Pacific)
|oOOOOOoo
|-
|2((prime))E1((prime))
|[[4-10-2]]
|Southern Pacific, Overland
|ooOOOOOo
|-
|F
|[[0-12-0]]
|Pennsylvania, Twelve-Wheel-Switcher
|OOOOOO
|-
|1((prime))F
|[[2-12-0]]
|Centipede
|oOOOOOO
|-
|1((prime))F1((prime))
|[[2-12-2]]
|
|oOOOOOOo
|-
|2((prime))F1((prime))
|[[4-12-2]]
|Union Pacific
|ooOOOOOOo
|-
|2((prime))G2((prime))
|[[4-14-4]]
|
|ooOOOOOOOoo
|-
|''Soviet'' (AA)
|[[0-2-2-0]]
|
|O O
|-
|B((prime))B
|[[0-4-4-0]]
|''nameless'' (Mallet)
|OO OO
|-
|B((prime))B1
|[[0-4-4-2]]
|''nameless'' (Mallet)
|OO OOo
|-
|2((prime))BB2((prime))
|[[4-4-4-4]]
|''nameless'' (Pennsylvania Railroad Duplex)
|ooOO OOoo
|-
|3((prime))BB3((prime))
|[[PRR S1|6-4-4-6]]
|
|oooOO OOooo
|-
|2((prime))CB2((prime))
|[[4-6-4-4]]
|''nameless'' (Pennsylvania Railroad Duplex)
|ooOOO OOoo
|-
|C((prime))C
|[[0-6-6-0]]
|nameless (Mallet)
|OOO OOO
|-
|(1((prime))C)C
|[[2-6-6-0]]
|nameless (Mallet)
|oOOO OOO
|-
|(1((prime))C)C1((prime))
|[[2-6-6-2]]
|nameless (Mallet)
|oOOO OOOo
|-
|(1((prime))C)C2((prime))
|[[2-6-6-4]]
|''nameless'' (Simple articulated)
|oOOO OOOoo
|-
|(2((prime))C)C2((prime))
|[[4-6-6-4]]
|[[Union Pacific Challenger|Challenger]] (Simple articulated)
|ooOOO OOOoo
|-
|(1((prime))C)C3((prime))
|[[2-6-6-6]]
|Allegheny, Blue Ridge (Mallet/Simple articulated)
|oOOO OOOooo
|-
|D((prime))D
|[[0-8-8-0]]
|Angus (Mallet)
|OOOO OOOO
|-
|(1((prime))D)D
|[[2-8-8-0]]
|nameless (Mallet)
|oOOOO OOOO
|-
|(1((prime))D)D1((prime))
|[[2-8-8-2]]
|nameless (Mallet)
|oOOOO OOOOo
|-
|(1((prime))D)D2((prime))
|[[2-8-8-4]]
|Yellowstone  (Mallet/Simple articulated)
|oOOOO OOOOoo
|-
|(2((prime))D)D1((prime))
|[[4-8-8-2]]
|nameless (Simple articulated)
|ooOOOO OOOOo
|-
|(2((prime))D)D2((prime))
|4-8-8-4
|[[Union Pacific Big Boy|Big Boy]] (Simple articulated)
|ooOOOO OOOOoo
|-
|(1((prime))E)E1((prime))
|[[2-10-10-2]]
|Virginian (Mallet)
|oOOOOO+OOOOOo
|-
|(1((prime))D1((prime)))(1((prime))D1((prime)))
|[[2-8-2+2-8-2]]
|Nameless, [[Garratt locomotive|Garratt]]
|oOOOOo+oOOOOo
|-
|(2((prime))C1((prime)))(1((prime))C2((prime)))
|[[4-6-2+2-6-4]]
|nameless (Garratt)
|ooOOOo+oOOOoo
|-
|(2((prime))C2((prime)))(2((prime))C2((prime)))
|[[4-6-4+4-6-4]]
|nameless (Garratt)
|ooOOOoo+ooOOOoo
|-
|(2((prime))D)(D2((prime)))
|[[4-8-0+0-8-4]]
|nameless (Garratt)
|ooOOOO+OOOOoo
|-
|(2((prime))D1((prime)))(1((prime))D2((prime)))
|[[4-8-2+2-8-4]]
|Double Mountain (Garratt)
|ooOOOOo+oOOOOoo
|-
|(2((prime))D2((prime)))(2((prime))D2((prime)))
|[[4-8-4+4-8-4]]
|nameless (Garratt)
|ooOOOOoo+ooOOOOoo
|}

== Geared steam locomotives ==

[[Geared steam locomotive]]s such as [[shay locomotive|Shays]], [[heisler locomotive|Heislers]], and [[climax locomotive|Climaxes]] do not have a standard wheel arrangement classification system. Instead of being classified by wheel arrangement, they are instead classified by their design and their number of [[bogie|trucks]].
:{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-class="background5"
!No. of trucks
!American name
!Picture scheme
|-
|2-truck
|Class A Shay, Class B Shay, Class A Climax, Class B Climax, Heisler
|oo oo
|-
|3-truck
|Class C Shay, Class C Climax, Heisler
|oo oo oo
|-
|4-truck
|Class D Shay
|oo oo oo oo
|}

== See also ==
((Wikidata property|P2978))
* [[Co-Co locomotives]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Locostyles))

((DEFAULTSORT:Wheel Arrangement))
[[Category:Locomotives]]

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