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((Short description|Aft compartment of a diesel locomotive))
((refimprove|date=October 2013))
((other uses|Hood (disambiguation)((!))Hood))
((Use mdy dates|date=October 2013))
[[File:Norfolk Southern GP38 5610.jpg|thumb|A [[Norfolk Southern Railway|Norfolk Southern]] [[EMD GP38-2]] operating long hood forward through [[Ridgewood, New Jersey]].]]
The '''long hood''' of a [[hood unit]]-style [[diesel locomotive]] is, as the name implies, the longer of the two hoods (narrower sections of the locomotive body in front and behind of the cab) on a locomotive, particularly American-type freight locomotives.

==Equipment==
The long hood normally contains the [[diesel engine]] ([[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime mover]]), the main [[Electrical generator|generator]] or [[alternator]], the locomotive's cooling [[radiator]]s, the [[dynamic brake]] resistor grids if fitted, and most of the locomotive's auxiliary equipment. [[Head-end power]] equipment, if fitted, is normally in the long hood; [[Steam generator (railroad)|steam generator]]s for heating older [[Passenger car (rail)|passenger car]]s may be either in the long or [[short hood]]s.

==Operating direction==
Normally, the long hood is the rear of the locomotive. For early hood unit models, this was not the case; railroads preferred to run with the long hood at the front and the cab at the rear (referred to as operating '''long hood forward''' or '''LHF'''). It is a common misconception that locomotives were run LHF to provide greater protection, although it may have been a secondary benefit. Southern Railway and Norfolk and Western Railway operated their locomotives bidirectionally to make coal shifting more efficient. By putting the engineer on the right side with the Long Hood Forward, the engineer could see signals down the long hood and around the [[short hood]] for operations in both directions. <ref>((cite web|url=http://trn.trains.com/en/Railroad%20Reference/Ask%20Trains/2011/10/Running%20long%20hood%20forward.aspx |title=Running long hood forward |work=Trains |date=October 1, 2011 |accessdate=October 13, 2013))</ref> Later, preferences changed to having the short hood at the front and the long hood at the rear for better visibility and with the advent of Wide, or Comfort, cabs. Visibility became a deciding factor when more powerful engines required larger, visibility-obscuring radiator units.  

===United States===
The railroads that held out the longest for long-hood leading were the [[Norfolk and Western Railway]] and the [[Southern Railway (U.S.)|Southern Railway]] (later merged into the [[Norfolk Southern Railway]]). When Southern Railway received their first [[EMD GP7]]s, they were delivered with a high short hood, and Southern Railway pointed the locomotive LHF for crew safety. After the first GP7s hit the Southern Railway System, subsequent locomotives were ordered with the high short hood and the long hood designated (starting after the SD45 order) as the front. Here is a list of each locomotive Southern ordered with a high short hood, and operated LHF.

====[[Electro-Motive Diesel|General Motors Electro-Motive Division]]====
* [[EMD GP7|GP7]],
* [[EMD GP9|GP9]],
* [[EMD GP18|GP18]],
* [[EMD GP38|GP38]],
* [[EMD GP38-2|GP38-2]],
* [[EMD GP40]]
* [[EMD GP40X|GP40X]] (SOU 7000-7002),
* [[EMD GP49|GP49]] (SOU 4600-4605),
* [[EMD GP50|GP50]] (SOU 7003-7092),
* [[EMD SD7|SD7]],
* [[EMD SD9|SD9]],
* [[EMD SD35|SD35]],
* [[EMD SD40|SD40]],
* [[EMD SD40-2|SD40-2]],
* [[EMD SD45|SD45]]

(note: the [[EMD SD50|SD50]] and the [[EMD GP59|GP59]] are the first units ordered with the low, short hood, and pointed LHF)

====[[GE Transportation Systems|General Electric Transportation Systems]]====
* [[GE B30-7|B30-7]],
* [[GE U23B|U23B]],
* [[GE B23-7|B23-7]],
* [[GE U30C|U30C]],
* [[GE U30B|U30B]],
* [[GE U33C|U33C]],

====[[American Locomotive Company]]====
* [[ALCO RS-11]]
* [[ALCO RSD-7]]
* [[ALCO RSD-12]]
* [[ALCO RSD-15]]

The Norfolk and Western Railway (NW) operated as Southern Railway did, with the long hood toward the front; the only difference between NW locomotives and Southern locomotives was the position of the bell. NW had the bell on the short hood while Southern had the bell on the long hood.

Many early diesel locomotive builders designated the long hood end of their [[Switcher|road switchers]] as the front. Examples include models manufactured by the [[American Locomotive Company]] and [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]].

Long hood forward is a fading practice. Most modern locomotives produced in the USA feature wide-nose [[Canadian comfort cab]]s with desktop style controls, which bar the ability to operate the unit long hood forward because the desktop style prevents the engineer from turning in his or her chair to face the other end of the locomotive.

===Great Britain===
The term 'long hood forward' is not used in Britain, as the hood would be described as a "bonnet" or "engine compartment". Most British diesel locomotives have a cab at each end, so the term does not apply. Where a single-cab design was used, it was designed to be operated long hood forward, but, in practice, it might operate in either direction, like a steam [[tank locomotive]]. Apart from [[Switcher|shunters]], the only single-cab class still in service in Britain is the [[British Rail Class 20]]. These are now usually operated [[cab forward]] (often in pairs) to give the driver a better view of the track ahead, while some have been fitted with nose-mounted video cameras for use when working long hood forward. ((Citation needed|date=February 2020))

===Philippines===
[[Philippine National Railways]] is operating long hood forward on their locomotives on passenger operations depending on what direction the locomotive is facing.

===Indonesia===
[[File:CC 201 45 Argo Dwipangga @ Cikini.jpg|thumb|A CC 201 45 (CC 201 83 07) operating long hood forward with Argo Dwipangga train through [[Cikini railway station|Cikini Station]].]]
[[Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] formerly operated locomotives long hood forward for both passenger & freight operations. It now operates most trains short hood forward for safety reasons, but at least one train still runs long hood forward. ((Citation needed|date=February 2020))

== See also ==

* [[Short hood]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Locostyles))

[[Category:Locomotive parts]]
[[Category:Rail freight transport]]

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