From contents of Bernard A. Cook, ed., Women and war: a historical encyclopedia from antiquity to the present, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2006. At Google Books here
War and the spread of AIDS / War and AIDS / AIDS and war
18th-century Andean rebellion Andrean rebellion in the 18th century / Andrean rebellion / Women and Andean rebellion in the 18th century
Abuse of women during War in East Timor / War in East Timor
Women and the civil strife in El Salvador / Women and civil strife in El Salvador / Women and civil war in El Salvador / Civil strife in El Salvador / Civil war in El Salvador / Women and the Salvadoran Civil War / / Women in the Salvadoran Civil War / Salvadoran Civil War
Regula Engel (1761-1853)
Vera Eriksen / Vera de Cottani de Chalbur (b. 1912)
Psychological impact of World War I on French women / Impact of World War I on French women / Psychological impact of World War I on women in France / Impact of World War I on women in France / Impact of World War I on women
Women and the French home front in World War I / French women and the home front in World War I / French home front in World War I / Women and the French home front during World War I / French women and the home front during World War I / French home front during World War I
Women and the French Home Front in World War II / French women and the Home Front in World War II / French Home Front in World War II / / Women and the French home front during World War II / French women and the home front during World War II / French home front during World War II
Impact of war on women's protest during the French Revolution
Wives of U. S. frontier soldiers
Atrocities of German Armed Forces / Atrocities of the Wehrmacht/ Wehrmacht atrocities
Women in the German Revolution of 1918-1919 / #Women in the 1918-1919 German Revolution
Women and the German home front in World War I / German women and the home front in World War I
Women and the German home front in World War II / German women and the home front in World War II
Mariana Grajales Coelho (1808-1893)
Social impact of World War I on British women / Impact of World War I on British women / Social impact of World War I on women in Britain / Impact of World War I on women in Britain / Social impact of World War I on women / Impact of World War I on women / Social impact of World War I / Social impact of World War I in Britain
Women in service during World War II / Women combatants during World War II / British women in service during World War II / British women combatants during World War II
Women in service in the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries / British women soldiers / Women in service / Women in military service / Women soldiers / Women in military service in the United Kingdom
British women on the Home Front during World War II / Women on the British Home Front during World War II / Women on the UK Home Front during World War II / Women on the Home Front in Britain during World War II / Women on the Home Front in Great Britain during World War II / Women on the Home Front in the United Kingdom during World War II
Women and Female Imagery in Greek warfare / Women and Female Imagery in Ancient Greek warfare / Women in Greek warfare / Women in Ancient Greek warfare / Female Imagery in Greek warfare / Female Imagery in Ancient Greek warfare
Women in the Greek Civil War
Women and the Greek Revolution
Greek women and war in Antiquity / Ancient Greek women and war
Civil conflict and women in Guatemala / Women and civil conflict in Guatemala / Civil war and women in Guatemala / Women and civil war in Guatemala / Civil war in Guatemala / Civil conflict in Guatemala
Women and Islamic resistance movements / Islamic resistance movements
Italian women during World War II / Italian women on the home front during World War II / Women in Italy during World War II / Women on the home front in Italy during World War I / Italian women in the services during World War II
Women and the home front in Japan in World War II / Women in Japan in World War II / Japanese women and the home front in World War II / Women in Japan in World War II
Jewish women of antiquity and war / Jewish women in antiquity and war / Jewish women and war in antiquity / Women and war in antiquity / Jewish women and war / War and Jewish women / War and Jewish women of antiquity / War and Jewish women in antiquity / War and women in antiquity
American women journalists during World War I / American women journalists in World War I / American women journalists and World War I / Women journalists during World War I / Women journalists in World War I / Women journalists in World War I / Journalists during World War I / Journalists in World War I / Journalists and World War I / Journalism and World War I
Women and the home front in Korea in World War II / Women in Korea in World War II / Korean women and the home front in World War II / Women in Korea in World War II
American women and the Korean War
Milka Kufrin (1921- )
"Lady Haw Haw" / Margaret Cairns Joyce (1911-1972)
Mexican American women and World War II / Mexican American women in World War II / Mexican American women during World War II / Mexican American women
Danica Milosavljevic (1925- )
Wives of Napoleon's Marshals
Women and war in Nicaragua
Anna Vladimirovna Nikulina (b. 1904)
Women and the Norwegian resistance movement during World War II / Women and the Norwegian resistance movement / Women in the Norwegian resistance movement
Women and the home front in Norway in World War II / Women in Norway in World War II / Norwegian women and the home front in World War II / Women in Norway in World War II / Norwegian women in World War II / Women in Norway during World War II / Norwegian women during World War II
Women's collaboration with the German occupation of Norway / Women's collaboration in the German occupation of Norway / Collaboration in the German occupation of Norway / Collaboration with the German occupation of Norway
Women during the American suppression of the Insurrection in Philippines / Women during the Philippine–American War / American suppression of the Insurrection in Philippines / American suppression of the Philippine Insurrection
Kitty Schmidt (1882-1954) was the owner of Berlin brothel Salon Kitty.
War widows and refugees in 17th-century Scotland / War widows in 17th-century Scotland / Refugees in 17th-century Scotland / War widows in Scotland / Refugees in Scotland / War widows
Women and the Sicilian Revolutions of 1820 and 1848 / Women and the Sicilian Revolutions / Sicilian Revolutions of 1820 and 1848
Winnie Smith (1944- ) was a Vietnam War nurse and author.
Women survivors of the Smyrna Tragedy / Survivors of the Smyrna Tragedy / Smyrna Tragedy
Irena Sosnowska-Karpik (1922-1990)
Geneviève Souliè (b. 1919)
Women recipients of the Order of Glory (1943-1948)
Women recipients of the Order of the Red Banner (1918-1928)
Military service of American women in World War II / American women's military service in World War II / American women's military service / Women's military service in the United States / Women and military service in the United States / Women in military service in World War II
Women in the Yugoslav military during World War II / Women in the Yugoslav military / Women in the Yugoslav People's Army / Women in the Yugoslav People's Army during World War II
Women and the Yugoslav Wars / Women in the Yugoslav Wars / Women during the Yugoslav Wars
Mariam Abultewi is a Palestinian entrepreneur from Gaza, founder of the ride-sharing application Wasselni. In 2015 she appeared at #23 in CEO Middle East's list of the 100 most powerful Arab women.[1]
Majida Ali Rashid is
Maali Alasousi is
Hamdiyah Al Jaff is
Wafa Sayadi is a Tunisian entrepreneur. She founded Proclean, a waste management company, in 2003. She is International President of the Young Entrepreneurs National Association (CJD), and has acted as the Chair of the Board for Enactus Tunisia. In 2013 she became director of the newly founded CEED Tunisia, an organization to train Tunisian entrepreneurs and help them secure access to funding. In 2015 she appeared at #32 in CEO Middle East's list of the 100 most powerful Arab women.[2]
Futaim Al Falasi is one of the first Emirati women to host an internet radio show. Around 40,000 people tune into her weekly show, Taim Show.[3] In 2015 she wappeared at #33 in CEO Middle East's list of the 100 most powerful Arab women.[4]
Cara Vincent Hall (1922–), New Zealand concert pianist
E. F. Howard / Elizabeth Fox Howard (6 March 1873 - 9 December 1957), British Quaker
Esther Immanuel (died 1 August 1975), British businesswoman and philanthropist. (Times obit; otherwise oddly absent from the record)
Rose Laird (died August 21, 1966) was an American pioneer in cosmetics.
Mrs L. St. Clare Grondona (died 18 March 1967), joint founder of the Tudor Rose League with her husband, Leo St. Clare Grondona
Elena Katulskaya / Yelena Katulskaya (1888-1966), Russian soprano
Jihan El Midany is an Egyptian pentathlete. At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics she was Egypt's flagbearer, the first woman flagbearer for Egypt at any Olympic event.[20]
Egypt's Decree Law No. 44 of 1979 was a presidential decree from Anwar Sadat which controversially reformed the Egyptian personal status law. Associated with the President's wife Jihan Sadat, the Law was also known as Jihan's Law.
Princess Marie Gabrielle Hortense Wiszniewska (died 1903) was a French peace activist. In 1896 she founded the League of Women for International Disarmament, which changed its name in 1899 to the Universal Alliance of Women for Peace by Education to avoid the controversial subject of disarmament. She is buried with the writer Georges Dampt in Père-Lachaise cemetery.
Sarah Todd Astor (1761–1832), German-born American fur trader
Helga Beyer (1920–1942), German-Jewish member of the anti-Nazi resistance
Jane Colt More (c. 1488–1511), English gentlewoman, the first wife of Thomas More
Susanna Orelli (1845–1939), Swiss social reformer
Nicolosa Sanuti (fl. 1453), Bolognese writer
From a Garden in the Antipodes was the first book of poetry by Ursula Bethel, published anonymously by Sidgwick and Jackson in 1929.
Maria Munir Yusuf, Ethiopian judge, lawyer, non-profit leader, activist for women
Marta Mesele Woldemariam, Ethiopian construction tower crane operator
Meaza Birru Gebrewold, Ethiopian print and radio journalist, media entrepreneur
Medhin Kiros Gebretekle, Ethiopian entrepreneur, construction contractor
Meshu Baburi Dekebo, Ethiopian community leader, activist for women
Meskerem Assegued Bantiwalu / Meskerem Assegued, Ethiopian art curator, environmental and cultural activist
Mulualem Tadesse Woldemariam, Ethiopian actress, director and producer
Negatwa Lasab Woldemariam, Ethiopian potter, trainer and cooperative leader
Nuria Abdullahi Jami, Ethiopian Member of Regional Parliament, public servant and activist for women
Rahel Shawl Zelleke, Ethiopian architect
Samia Zekaria Gutu, Ethiopian public sector leader and agricultural statistician
Sara Abera Alemu, Ethiopian fashion designer, businesswoman and social entrepreneur
Selome Taddesse Mihertu, Ethiopian social activist, entrepreneur, inspirational speaker and media executive
Sister Zebider Zewdie Yiteyew / Sister Zebider Zewdie Yitayew / Sister Zebider Zewdie, Ethiopian nurse and community development leader
Tadelech Haile Mikael Feldasso / Tadelech Haile-Mikael / Tadelech Hailemikael / Tadelech Hailemikael Wakene Feldasso, Ethiopian First Minister of Women's Affairs, ambassador and activist for women
Takelu Ambaye Abebe, Ethiopian micro business entrepreneur and disability activist
Tirhas Mezgebe Gebremedhin, Ethiopian social activist, women's health and community development leader
Tsahai Yitbarek Tegegne, Ethiopian social worker, non-profit leader and international civil servant
Tsigie Haile Woldegiorgis, Ethiopian women's development leader and activist
Tsion Michael Andom / Tsion Andom, Ethiopian fashion designer, entrepreneur and volunteer fundraiser
Tsiwahab Tadesse Tesfagiorgis / Tsiwahab Tadesse, Ethiopian Member of Parliament, civil servant, freedom fighter and commander
Wongel Tesfaye Berehe, Ethiopian policewoman and detective
Wubalem Mengist Sewagegn, Ethiopian farmer, environmentalist, educator and activist for women
Zewdie Abegaz Yimam / Zewdie Abegaz, Ethiopian international civil servant, activist for women
Zufan Ibrahim Yemam, Ethiopian handweaving and bamboo entrepreneur and skills trainer
Italian poetry anthologies / Early modern Italian poetry anthologies / Italian poetry / Early modern Italian poetry / 16th-century Italian poetry anthologies / 16th-century Italian poetry / Early modern poetry anthologies
Italian poetry anthologies / Modern Italian poetry anthologies / Italian poetry / Modern Italian poetry / Modern poetry anthologies
Women's autobiography / Italian autobiography / Autobiography in Italy / Autobiography in Italian literature
Avantgarde / Neo-avantgarde / Avantgarde literature / Neo-avantgarde literature / Avantgarde Italian literature / Neo-avantgarde Italian literature / Avantgarde literature in Italy / Neo-avantgarde literature in Italy / Italian avantgarde literature / Italian neo-avantgarde literature / Italian avantgarde / Italian neo-avantgarde
The Ahfad Girls School was a private school in Sudan, the first girls school in Sudan. It was established by Babikr Bedri in 1907. It moved from Rufa'a to Omdurman in 1932. In 1933 it expanded to include an intermediate section, and after overcoming government opposition added a secondary course in 1943.[21]
Union of Sudanese Women Teachers. Established in 1949.
Sudanese Women Empowerment for Peace (SuWEP) is a Sudanese women's solidarity group, including women from the North, South and Suba Mountains, which worked for peace in Sudan.[22]
The Sudan National Committee on Traditional Practices (SNCTP) is a group campaigning against female genital mutilation in Sudan.[23] The SNCTP was established as the Sudan National Committee on the Eradication of Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting Women and Children.
The Omdurman Secondary School for Girls was one of the first secondary schools for girls in Sudan. Established 1949. Several of the SWU founders went there: Su'ad Ibrahim Ahmed, . Fatima Talib taught there. "Khalda Zahir, Fatma Talib, Nafisa Ahmed El Amin, Nafisa Al Meelaik, Saud Abdel Rahman, Thorya Al Drdiri, Fatma Ahmed Ibrahim, Hajja Kashif, Aziza Mekki, Mahasin Jaylani, Thorya Ambabi, and Suad Al Fatih all participated in the first struggle against colonial authorities at the school of Omdurman and accused the head of the school of being unjust to them in 1951."[22]
The Women's Front (Sudan) was a Sudanese women's organization affiliated to the Muslim Brotherhood.[24]
The League of University Women Graduates was a Sudanese women's organization founded by Mahasin Sa'ad in 1964.[25]
Women's magazines in Sudan
Bint al-wadi was the first women's magazine in Sudan. It was established in 1947 by Takwa Sarkisian, a Sudanese woman of Armenian origin. Su'ad Fathi was a contributor.[26]
Sawt almar'a / Sawt el-Mara was the journal of the Sudanese Women's Union. It was launched by Fatima Ahmad Ibrahim as a monthly magazine in 1955. Despite repeated interruptions by the government, it continued for 120 issues.[26]
al-Qafila was a short-lived Sudanese monthly cultural magazine published by Professor Hajja Kashif Badri in 1956.
al-Manar was a Sudanese publication established by Professor Thuraya Ambabi in 1964
Mahasin Abd al-Aal or Mahadin Abdel Aal was a leader of the Sudanese Communist Party. In 1967 she was one of four women to be elected to the party's Central Committee, along with Suad Ibrahim Ahmed, Naima Babiker al-Rayah and Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim.[28] She married Ahmed Suliman, a lawyer who served as Sudan's Ambassador to the United States. Works: Abdel Aal, Mahasin (2008) “The Participation of Women in Politics” in Badri (ed.), Sudanese Women: Current and Future Situation, Sudan: Ahfad University for Women (in Arabic)
Mahasin Sa'ad was a Sudanese women's rights activist. She was a founder of the League of University Women Graduates and secretary of the Women's Association of the Umma Party. She was an early pioneer of the Sudanese family planning movement.[29]
Phillippa Maghrabi, néeCastle (1904-2000) was an English-Sudanese nurse, the wife of Abdelfattah el Maghrabi.[31]
Mervat al-Neel is a Sudanese activist in the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC). In April 2019 Neel was one of two women on the FFC's 10-member negotiating committee.[32]
First women in Sudan
Madina Abdalla. In 1940 she became the first female inspector for Girls Education in Sudan.[22]
Jidawia Mousa / Jadwya Musa. In 1945 she became the first female Oud player in an orchestra in Sudan.[22]
Hayat Rodwan. In 1945 she became the first female officer in Sudan.[22]
Dina Akasha / Donia Suliman Akasha. In 1946 she became the first female nurse in Sudan.[22]
Nafisa Al-Milaik was the youngest girl to work in education and was a founding member of the Union of Teachers.[33]
Mahasin Osman. In 1947 she became the first female broadcaster in Sudan.[22]
Takwi Sirskian / Takwi Surksian. In 1947 she became the first female journalist in Sudan.[22]
Anjeel Jurgis. In 1948 she became the first female university graduate in Sudan.[22]
1953. The first constitution committee included Ms. Thoraya Alderdiri
1953. Graduation of the first female Sudanese physicians Dr. Khalid Zaher and Dr. Zouri Serkisian.[33]
Madina Abdalla. In 1958 she became the first woman to get a pension in Sudan.[22]
Sania Mostafa. In 1962 she became the first female lawyer in Sudan.[22]
Raja Joma‘ / Raggaa Ahmed Jumaa. In 1963 (or 1956?) she became the first female television broadcaster in Sudan.[22]
Ehsan Fakhri / Ihsan Fakhri Fareed / Ihsan Mohammed Fakhri. In 1965 (or 1967?) she became the first female judge in Sudan.[22], the first female judge in all of Africa and the first woman to serve as a judge in the Supreme Court.[33]
Fatma Abubakar was the first woman in the Sudanese army in 1969.
Nafisa Ahmed El-Amin / Nafisa Muhammed Al Amin. In 1971 she became the first female Deputy Minister in Sudan.[22]
1975- Samia Badawi is the first Sudanese girl to win first place in the Sudanese certificate.[33]
Fartona Kawashi. In 1981 she became the first female nun in Sudan.[22]
Egnis Lokodo / Agnes Lokodo. In 1995 (or 1991[33]) she became the first female State Governor in Sudan.[22]
Zainab Abd-Alkareem. In 1998 she became the first female Ambassador in Sudan.[22]
Ni‘mat Bilal / Nemat Bilal. In 1998 she became the first female General Manager of the Sudan News Agency.[22]
Noor Alhoda Alshafie‘. In 2001 she became the first female Brigade in Uniformed Forces in Sudan.[22]
2006. Ms. Hala Abdelhalim is the first Sudanese woman elected as the head of a political party.[33]
2013. The first woman in the army is pharmacist Soad Al Karp followed by Amira Dimitri.[33]
Badriya Suleiman is the first woman to serve as Vice-President of the parliament.[33]
Mrs. Seniya Al Rashid is a member of the Constitutional Court.[33]
Rashel Nyadok / Rachel Nyadak / Rachel Nyadak Paul was Minister for Gender, Social Welfare, Youth and Sports – Jongolei state, Southern sector
Grace Datiero was Minister of Education, West Equatoria State, GOSS Southern sector
Rebecca Akwaci / Rebecca Joshua Akwaci was Chairperson of Sudan Radio Service, GOSS Southern sector
Ann Kemo was Deputy Chairperson, Commission DDR South, GOSS Southern sector
Mary Apai was Advisor to the Governor of Central Equatoria, GOSS Southern sector
Mary Danial Kodi was MP, Nuba Mountains-SPLM Southern sector
Agnes Nyoka / Agnes Nyoka Peter / Agnes Nyoka Peter Lokule is a South Sudanese politician and activist. She was MP, National Assembly Southern Sector.[22]
Amna Mamoun was MP, Damazin Regional Coordinator for Blue Nile-SPLM Southern sector
Bonguot Amom was MP, GOSS Southern sector
Mary Nyaulang / Mary Nyaulang Ret was MP, Chairperson for Peace and Reconciliation, GOSS Southern sector.[22][34]
June Malek / June Malek Kur / June Malek Kuol is a South Sudanese politician. She was MP, Controller GOSS Southern Sector.[22]
Mary Hillary / Mary Hillary Wani / Mary Hillary Wani Pitia was Member in the Directorate of Finance, Ministry of Finance, GOSS Northern sector.[22] She is Undersecretary for the Ministry of Labor in South Sudan.
Roda Joseph / Roda Joseph Kuch was Director of Training Programme at Ministry of Housing GOSS Northern sector
Joy Kwaye was MP, Commissioner Human Rights Commission, GOSS Northern sector
Veronica Louise Renzi was MP, National Assembly Northern sector
Margaret Arapal was MP, National Assembly Northern sector
Shadia Ibrahim was MP, Damazin South Blue Nile Northern sector
Awel Mawein was MP, National Assembly Northern sector
Marsa Ahmed was MP Damazin South Blue Nile Northern sector
Christina Gabrial Ali was MP National Assembly Northern sector
Howida Shabo was MP, National Assembly- GOS/National Working Committee Northern sector
Afaf Ahmed Abdarrahman was Member on the Advisory Council of Human Rights- GOS/National Working Committee Northern sector
Elizabeth Ann Beaulieu, ed. (2006). Writing African American women: an encyclopedia of literature by and about women of color. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN0313331960.
Beauty culture / Black beauty culture / Black beauty culture in America / African American beauty culture / African-American beauty culture / Beauty culture for Black women in America
Birth control movement
Women and Black nationalism / Black nationalism and women
Ruiz, Vicki L.; Sanchez Korroll, Virginia, eds. (2006), Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia, Indiana University Press, ISBN978-0253346803
^Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong (2012). "Babikr Badri". In Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong; Henry Louis Gates (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. OUP USA. pp. 338–9. ISBN978-0-19-538207-5.
^Robert S. Kramer; Richard A. Lobban Jr.; Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban (2013). "Women's Front". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan. Scarecrow Press. p. 463. ISBN978-0-8108-7940-9.
^Robert S. Kramer; Richard A. Lobban Jr.; Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban (2013). "Sa'ad, Mahasin". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan. Scarecrow Press. p. 373. ISBN978-0-8108-7940-9.