Laetamen est materies originis naturalis aut syntheticae (praeter materies calcareas) quae solís vel textibus plantarum ad unum aut plura nutrimenta incremento plantarum recessaria suppeditanda adhibetur. Sunt multi laetaminis fontes, naturales et artificiosi in fabricis industrialibus facti.^[1]

Historia

Administratio fertilitatis soli agricolas Aegyptos, Babylonianos, Romanos, primosque Germanos nonnulla millennia tenuisse dicitur, quorum omnes mineralibus et stercore ad fertilitatem fundorum amplificandam uti solebant.^[2] Hodierna nutritionis plantarum scientia in operibus Iusti de Liebig, chemico Germanico, aliorumque eruditorum saeculo undevicensimo coepit. Ioannes Bennet Lawes, negotiator Anglicus, effectús variorum stercorum in plantis in ollis positis anno 1837 investigare coepit, et eius experimenta post unum aut binos annos plantas in agro crescentís comprehenderunt. Mox diploma inventionis stercoris ex phosphatis acido suphurico tractatis generati anno 1842 adeptus est, et ergo primus erat qui industriam stercoris artificiosi constituit. Proximo anno se cum Iosepho Henrico Gilbert consociavit, quocum experimenta segetum colendarum in Instituto Investigationis Segetum Arabilium plus quam quinquaginta annos administraverit.^[3]

Ratio Birkeland–Eyde fuit una ex certantibus rationibus industrialibus ex initio productionis laetaminis in nitrogenio conditarum.^[4] Quae ratio adhibebatur ad nitrogenium atmosphaericum (N₂) in acido nitrico (HNO₃) figendum, una e nonnullis rationibus chemicis plerumque fixatio nitrogenii appellatis.

Chemica

Laetamina tria micronutrimenta variis proportionibus usitate offerunt:^[5]

• Nitrogenium (N), pro incremento foliorum;
• Phosphorus (P), pro incremento radicum, florum, seminum, fructuum;
• Kalium (K), pro incremento caulium, movimento aquae intra plantas, auctu florum et fructuum.

Laetamina etiam tria nutrimenta secundaria habent, quae sunt calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), et sulphur (S), cum nonnullis micronutrimentis, praecipue cupro (Cu), ferro (Fe), mangano (Mn), molybdeno (Mo), zinco (Zn), borio (B). Praeterea, silicium (Si), cobaltum (Co), et vanadium (V) aliquando momentum habent.

Nexus interni

• Agricultura organica
• Agrooecologia
• Circulus (theoria)
• Fertigatio
• Laetamen organicum

Notae

Bibliographia

• Banger, K., H. Tian, C. Lu. 2012. "Do nitrogen fertilizers stimulate or inhibit methane emissions from rice fields?" Global Change Biology 18 (10): 3259–67. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02762.x. PMID 28741830. Bibcode 2012GCBio..18.3259B.
• Dittmar, Heinrich, Manfred Drach, Ralf Vosskamp, Martin E. Trenkel, Reinhold Gutser, et Günter Steffens. 2009. "Fertilizers, 2. Types." In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.n10_n01. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
• Elvers, Barbara, ed. 2011. Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Ed. 7a. 40 voll. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 9783527329434, ISBN 3527329439.
• Haynes, R. J., et R. Naidu. 1998. "Influence of lime, fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions: a review." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 51 (2): 123–37. doi:10.1023/A:1009738307837.
• Ihde, Aaron John. 1984. The development of modern chemistry. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-64235-2.
• Jones, J. Benton Jones, Jr. 2012. "Inorganic Chemical Fertilisers and Their Properties." In Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility Manual. Ed. 2a. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-1609-7, ISBN 978-1-4398-1610-3 (ebook).
• Leigh, G. J. 2004. The world's greatest fix: a history of nitrogen and agriculture. Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516582-1, ISBN 0195165829.
• Moss, Lynne H., Eliot Epstein, et Terry Logan. 2002. Evaluating the risks and benefits of soil amendments used in agriculture. Alexandriae Virginiae: Water Environment Research Foundation. ISBN 1893664597 (WERF), ISBN 1843396513 (IWAP), ISBNN 1572782072 (WEF).
• Reddy, Munagala S., et al., eds. 2014. Recent advances in biofertilizers and biofungicides (PGPR) for sustainable agriculture. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 144386515X, ISBN 9781443865159.
• Scherer, Heinrich W. 2000. "Fertilizers." In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub3.
• Williams, Trevor Illtyd, et Thomas Kingston Derry. 1982. A short history of twentieth-century technology c. 1900-c. 1950. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-858159-8.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad laetamen spectant.

• "Agriculture Guide: Complete Guide to Fertilizers and Fertilization."
• "Nitrogen for Feeding Our Food, Its Earthly Origin, Haber Process."
• Societas Industriae Laetaminis Internationalis.