diacritics and modifications (i) |
base shapes (ii) | types of diacritics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | |||||
﯀ | ﯀ | tōē above |
ٹ | ڈ | ڑ | i'jam | ||||||||||||||||||||
﮲ | ﮲ | 1 dot above |
ن | خ | ض | ظ | غ | ف | ذ | ز | ||||||||||||||||
﮳ | ﮳ | 1 dot below |
ب | ج | ||||||||||||||||||||||
﮶ | ﮶ | 3 dots above |
ث | ش | ژ | |||||||||||||||||||||
﮹ | ﮹ | 3 dots below |
پ | چ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
﮴ | ﮴ | 2 dots above |
ت | ق | ـۃ ۃ | ـة ة | ||||||||||||||||||||
﮵ | ﮵ | 2 dots below (iv) |
یـ ـیـ ـی ی |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
‾ | ‾ | line above |
گ | extra line | ||||||||||||||||||||||
none | ء | ا | ے | ـں ں |
ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | none | ||||||||
٘ | ــ٘ـ | nūn ghūnna (vi) |
٘ | vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ۤ | ۤ | madda (v) | آ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
ٴ | ــٔـ | Hamza (v) | ۓ | ئ | ؤ | ـۂ ۂ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rasm forms (iii) |
start | ء | ا | none | ىـ | ٮـ | حـ | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ڡـ | ٯـ | کـ | لـ | مـ | د | ر | و | ھـ | ہـ | هـ | none shown | |||
middle | ـا | none | ـىـ | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | ـٯـ | ـکـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھـ | ـہـ | ـهـ | ||||||
end | ـا | ـے | ـى | ـں | ـٮ | ـح | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـک | ـل | ـم | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | |||||
isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه |
^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols"[1].
^ii. Skeleton characters that do not appear in the alphabet are "DOTLESS BEH" U+066E, "DOTLESS QAF" U+066F, and "DOTLESS FEH" U+06A1. These are not used in Urdu but we're used historically in [rasm | very early] versions of Arabic writing[source?].
^iii. The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.
^iv. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots
below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي ]] always has 2 dots
below.
^v. The short vowel diacritics (see below) are usually omitted in Urdu writing, but hamza and madda are usually included.
^vi. Nūn Ghūnna in the middle of a word is often an omitted diacritic.
from Persian_language#Variations 2020-05-16 09:00 (No citation unfortunately.) |
"The Persian alphabet also modifies some letters of the Arabic alphabet. For example, alef with hamza below ( إ ) changes to alef ( ا ); words using various hamzas get spelled with yet another kind of hamza (so that مسؤول becomes مسئول) even though the latter is also correct in Arabic; and teh marbuta ( ة ) changes to heh ( ه ) or teh ( ت )." |
Rasm forms (iii) |
start | ء | ا | none | ىـ | ٮـ | حـ | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ڡـ | ٯـ | كـ | کـ | لـ | مـ | د | ر | و | ھـ | ہـ | هـ | none shown | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
middle | ـا | none | ـىـ | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | ـٯـ | ـكـ | ـکـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھـ | ـہـ | ـهـ | ||||||
end | ـا | ـے | ـى | ـں | ـٮ | ـح | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـك | ـک | ـل | ـم | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | |||||
isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | ||||
diacritics and modifications (i) | base shapes (ii) | types of diacritics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھـ ـھـ ـھ | ہـ ـہـ ـہ | هـ ـهـ ـه | |||||
line above | ‾ | ‾ | گ | extra line | |||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tōē above | ﯀ | ﯀ | ٹ | ڈ | ڑ | i'jam | |||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Urdu | Urdu | Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 dot above | ﮲ | ﮲ | ن | خ | ض | ظ | غ | ف | ذ | ز | |||||||||||||||||
1 dot below | ﮳ | ﮳ | ب | ج | |||||||||||||||||||||||
3 dots above | ﮶ | ﮶ | ث | ش | ژ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Farsi Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 dots below | ﮹ | ﮹ | پ | چ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Farsi Urdu | Farsi Urdu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 dots above | ﮴ | ﮴ | ت | ق | ـۃ ۃ | ـة ة | |||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Urdu | Arabic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 dots below | ﮵ | ﮵ | يـ ـيـ ـي ي |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Arabic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 dots below start & mid (iv) | ﮵ | ﮵ | یـ ـیـ ـی ی |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Farsi Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
none | ء | ا | ے | ىـ ـىـ ـى ى |
ـں ں | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ك | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
none | ||||||
languages | Urdu | Arabic | Urdu | Arabic | Farsi Urdu | Urdu | Urdu | Arabic Farsi | |||||||||||||||||||
nūn ghūnna (vi) |
٘ | ــ٘ـ | ٘ | vowels | |||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
madda (v) |
ۤ | ۤ | آ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hamza (v) |
ٴ | ــٔـ | ء | أ إ | ۓ | ئ | ؤ | ـۂ ۂ | ـۀ ۀ | ||||||||||||||||||
languages | Arabic | Arabic | Urdu | Arabic Urdu | Urdu | Farsi |
^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols"[2].
^ii. Skeleton characters that do not appear in the alphabet are "Dotless Beh" U+066E, "Dotless Qaf" U+066F, and "Dotless Feh" U+06A1. These are not used in Urdu but we're used historically in [rasm | very early] versions of Arabic writing[source?].
^iii. The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.
^iv. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي always has 2 dots below.
^v. The short vowel diacritics (see below) are usually omitted in Urdu writing, but hamza and madda are usually included.
^vi. Nūn Ghūnna in the middle of a word is often an omitted diacritic.
for master version see Arabic Script
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Most languages that use alphabets based on the Arabic alphabet use the same base shapes. Most additional letters in languages that use alphabets based on the Arabic alphabet are built by adding (or removing) diacritics to existing Arabic letters.
Some stylistic variants in Arabic have distinct meanings in other languages. For example, variant forms of kāf ك ک ڪ are used in some languages and sometimes have specific usages. In Urdu and some neighbouring languages the letter Hā has diverged into two forms ھ dō-čašmī hē and ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ gōl hē[3]. while a variant form of ي yā referred to as baṛī yē ے is used at the end of some words.[3]
A = The letter is used for most languages and dialects with writing systems based on Arabic.
MSA = Letters used in Modern Standard Arabic.
CA = Letters used in Classical Arabic.
AD = Letters is used in some regional Arabic Dialects.
"Arabic" = Letters used in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and most regional dialects.
"Farsi" = Letters used in modern Persian.
FW = Foreign words: the letter is sometimes used to spell foreign words.
SV = Stylistic variant: the letter is used interchangeably with at least one other lletter depending on the calligraphic style.
AW = Arabic words: the letter is used in additional languages to spell Arabic words.
connected forms |
---|
ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
---|
Rasm forms |
character | isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
start | ء | ا | none | ىـ | (YNB) | ٮـ | حـ | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ڡـ | (QF) | ٯـ | كـ | ڪـ | کـ | گـ | لـ | مـ | د | ر | و | ھـ | ہـ | هـ | لا | ||||||
middle | ـا | none | ـىـ | (YNB) | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | (QF) | ـٯـ | ـكـ | ـڪـ | ـکـ | ـگـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھـ | ـہـ | ـهـ | ـلا | |||||||
end | ـا | ـے | ـى | ـں | ـٮ | ـح | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـك | ـڪ | ـک | ـگ | ـل | ـم | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | ـلا | ||||||||
Image | isolated start middle end |
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
Unicode for above | U+0621 | U+0627 | U+06D2 | U+0649 | U+06BA | U+066E | U+062D | U+0633 | U+0635 | U+0637 | U+0639 | U+06A1 | U+066F | U+0643 | U+06AA | U+06A9 | U+06AF | U+0644 | U+0645 | U+062F | U+0631 | U+0648 | U+06BE | U+06C1 | U+0647 | U+0644 + U+0627 | |||||||
Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam | Arabic | Urdu | Urdu | Urdu |
none | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
forms | ء | ـا ا | ـــے ے | ىـ ـىـ ـى ى |
ـں ں | ٮـ ـٮـ ـٮ ٮ |
حـ ـحـ ـح ح |
سـ ـسـ ـس س |
صـ ـصـ ـص ص |
طـ ـطـ ـط ط |
عـ ـعـ ـع ع |
ڡـ ـڡـ ـڡ ڡ |
ٯـ ـٯـ ـٯ ٯ |
كـ ـكـ ـك ك |
ڪــ ـڪــ ـڪ ڪ |
کـ ـکـ ـک ک |
گـ ـگـ ـگ گ |
لـ ـلـ ـل ل |
مـ ـمـ ـم م |
ـد د | ـر ر | ـو و | ھـ ـھـ ـھ ھ |
ہـ ـہـ ـہ ہ |
هـ ـهـ ـه ه |
ـلا لا | |||||||
Languages using the bare shape with no additions | Arabic | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu | MSA | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic SV Rasm | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic | Sindhi, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu, Arabic SV | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic, Farsi | MSA |
dots bigger heading |
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ٜ U+065C U+065C, ٜ ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 dot below | ﮳ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ب | ج | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ـــ ◌ |
forms | بـ ـبـ ـب ب |
جـ ـجـ ـج ج |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB3 | Unicode | U+0628 | U+062C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 dot above + 1 dot below |
﮲﮳ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ـــ ◌ |
forms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 dot above | ﮲ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ن | ٮ | خ | س | ض | ظ | غ | ف | ڧ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | ذ | ز | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ـــ ◌ |
forms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB2 | Unicode | U+0646 | U+062E | U+0636 | U+0638 | U+063A | U+0641 | U+06A7 | U+0630 | U+0632 |
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 dots below start and mid (iii) |
﮵ | character | ء | ا | ے | یـ ـیـ ـی ی | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | Farsi, Urdu, AD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | Unicode | U+06CC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 dots below all positions |
﮵ | character | ء | ا | ے | يـ ـيـ ـي ي | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | Arabic (iv) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | Unicode | U+064A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 vertical dots below | ﮾ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBE | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 vertical dots above | ﮽ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBD | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 horizontal dots above |
﮴ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ت | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ق | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ـۃ | ـة | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB4 | Unicode | U+062A | U+0642 | U+06C3 | U+0629 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
3 dots below | ﮹ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | پ | چ | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB9 U+FBB9 U+FBB7 U+FBB7 | Unicode | U+067E U+067E | U+0686 U+0686 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 dots above + 3 dots below |
character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 dots above | ﮶ | character | ث | ش | ژ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB6 U+FBB6 | Unicode | U+062B U+062B | U+0634 U+0634 | U+0698 U+0698 |
4 dots below | ﮻ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBB | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 dots above | ﮺ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBA | Unicode |
mixed dots above + below |
character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ڿ | ۺ | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
small tōē above |
ـــؕــ ﯀ ◌ؕ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ڻ | ٹ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ࣇ لؕ | م | ڈ | ڑ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Urdu Punjabi | Languages | Punjabi | Urdu | Punjabi [6] | Urdu | Urdu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+0615 U+0615 U+FBC0 U+FBC0 | Unicode | U+FBA0 U+FBA0 | U+0679 U+0679 | U+0688 U+0688 | U+0691 U+0691 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
small tōē + dot(s) | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ݨ | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | Punjabi, Seraiki, Shina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
ring | character | ء | ا | ے | ؠ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ګ | گ | ل | م | ډ | ړ | ۄ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ring and dots | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ڼ | ټ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
Persian numeral 2 above | ٢ | character | ء | ا | ݺ | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Persian numeral 3 above | ٣ | character | ء | ا | ݻ | ݶ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
numerals below | character | ء | ا | ے | ݷ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
horizontal line | — | character | ء | ا | ے | ۍ ـۍ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ؈ | ك | ڪ | گ | ݪ | م | د | ݛ | ۅ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | Punjabi, Marwari, Kalami | Kirghiz[7] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | U+075B |
multiple vertical lines | ﮼ | character | ۽ | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | ۾ | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBC | Unicode |
vertical line | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
V below | ٚ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ڕ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+065B U+065A | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
small V above | ــٚـ ◌ٚ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ۆ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+065A | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
inverted V above | ــٛـ ◌ٛ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ۉ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+065B | Unicode |
Hamza below | ــٕـ | ◌ٕ | character | ء | إ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لإ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | Languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+0655 | Unicode | U+0625 | U+0644 + U+0625 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hamza above | ــٔـ | ◌ٔ | character | ء | أ | ۓ | ئ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ؤ | ھ | ۂ | ۀ | لأ | ||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | Languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+0674 U+0654 | Unicode | U+0623 | U+06D3 | U+0626 | U+0624 | U+06C2 | U+06C0 | U+0644 + U+0623 |
maddah above | ــۤـ ــٓـ ◌ٓ ◌ۤ | character | ء | آ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لآ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
doesn't strictly count as i'jam, but included in a lot of situations where other diacritics are left out. | Languages | Arabic, Urdu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+06E4 U+0653 | Unicode | U+0622 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wasala above | character | ء | ٱ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | CA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
none (v)] |
Unicode | U+0671 |
|- |}
U+FBB2 | ـــ﮲ــ | Dot Above |
U+FBB3 | ـــ﮳ــ | Dot Below |
U+FBB4 | ــــ﮴ـــ | Two Dots Above |
U+FBB5 | ــــ﮵ـــ | Two Dots Below |
U+FBB6 | ـــ﮶ــ | Three Dots Above |
U+FBB7 | ــــ﮷ـــ | Three Dots Below |
U+FBB8 | ــــ﮸ـــ | Three Dots Pointing Downwards Above |
U+FBB9 | ــــ﮹ـــ | Three Dots Pointing Downwards Below |
U+FBBA | ــــ﮺ـــ | Four Dots Above |
U+FBBB | ــــ﮻ـــ | Four Dots Below |
U+FBBC | ــــ﮼ــــ | Double Vertical Bar Below |
U+FBBD | ــــ﮽ــــ | Two Dots Vertically Above |
U+FBBE | ــــ﮾ــــ | Two Dots Vertically Below |
U+FBBF | ــــ﮿ــــ | Ring |
U+FBC0 | ــــ﯀ـــــ | Small Tah Above |
U+FBC1 | ــــ﯁ــــ | Small Tah Below |
U+FBB2 | ﮲ | Dot Above |
U+FBB3 | ﮳ | Dot Below |
U+FBB4 | ﮴ | Two Dots Above |
U+FBB5 | ﮵ | Two Dots Below |
U+FBB6 | ﮶ | Three Dots Above |
U+FBB7 | ﮷ | Three Dots Below |
U+FBB8 | ﮸ | Three Dots Pointing Downwards Above |
U+FBB9 | ﮹ | Three Dots Pointing Downwards Below |
U+FBBA | ﮺ | Four Dots Above |
U+FBBB | ﮻ | Four Dots Below |
U+FBBC | ﮼ | Double Vertical Bar Below |
U+FBBD | ﮽ | Two Dots Vertically Above |
U+FBBE | ﮾ | Two Dots Vertically Below |
U+FBBF | ﮿ | Ring |
U+FBC0 | ﯀ | Small Tah Above |
U+FBC1 | ﯁ | Small Tah Below |
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا |
---|
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک کـ ـکـ ـک |
گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا |
---|
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
---|
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols".[8] The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.
^ii. For most letters the isolated form is shown, for select letters all forms (isolated, start, middle, and end) are shown.
^iii. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي always has 2 dots below.
^iv. These characters are used by most languages that use writing systems based on Arabic, though sometimes only in foreign words.
^v. A Wasala diacritic Unicode character has been proposed but not yet released. [source?]
This user page or section is currently being expanded by an editor. You are welcome to help in expanding too. If this page has not been changed in several days, please remove this template. This page was last edited by Simpleist (talk | contribs) 18 days ago. |
character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا |
---|
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک کـ ـکـ ـک |
گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا |
---|
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
diacritics | (footnote i) | letter line base shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
none (ii) | character | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا | ||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Most languages use the same base shapes, some stylistic variants in Arabic have distinct meanings in other languages. (see text) | Languages | Arabic | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu | MSA | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic SV Rasm | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic | Sindhi, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu, Arabic SV | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic, Farsi | MSA | ||||||||
Unicode for above | 0621 .. | 0627 .. | 06D2 .. | 0649 .. | 06BA .. | 066E .. | 062D .. | 0633 .. | 0635 .. | 0637 .. | 0639 .. | 06A1 .. | 066F .. | 0643 .. | 06AA .. | 06A9 .. | 06AF .. | 0644 .. | 0645 .. | 062F .. | 0631 .. | 0648 .. | 06BE .. | 06C1 .. | 0647 .. | 0644. + 0627. |