It has been suggested that List of Ukrainian toponyms that were changed as part of derussification be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2024.
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Derussification in Ukraine (Ukrainian: Дерусифікація/деросіянізація в Україні, romanizedDerusyfikatsiia/derosiianizatsiia v Ukraïni) is a process of removing Russian influence from the post-Soviet country of Ukraine. This derussification started after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and intensified with the demolition of monuments to Lenin during Euromaidan in 2014 and the further systemic process of decommunization in Ukraine. The Russo-Ukrainian War gave a strong impetus to the process. Along with decommunization, derussification has been described as one of the components of a larger process of decolonization in Ukraine.[1]

The process manifests itself in the renaming of toponyms named after Russian statesmen and cultural figures, or those that are believed to reflect Russianism and the Russian worldview, or are otherwise associated with Russia. Also part of the process is the dismantling of objects of the Russian rule (e.g., plaques, signs, monuments, busts, and panels). As of April 8, 2022, according to a poll by the sociological group Rating, 76% of Ukrainians support the initiative to rename streets and other objects whose names are associated with Russia.[2][3]

In March 2023, the Ukrainian parliament passed the Law of Ukraine "On Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and Decolonization of Toponymy" [uk], which forbade toponymy associated with Russia.[4] On April 21, 2023, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed the law.[5] This law prohibits toponymy that symbolizes or glorifies Russia, individuals who carried out aggression against Ukraine (or another country), as well as totalitarian policies and practices related to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, including Ukrainians living in Russian-occupied territories. A series of toponyms have already been renamed based on this law. [5]

History

The process began with the collapse of the Soviet Union, but since the issue of decommunization was a much bigger problem, derussification received relatively little attention, after 2014, the two processes were closely intertwined and initially they took place mostly in a spontaneous and unsystematic way. As the decommunization process in Ukraine had almost been completed by 2022, the derussification process intensified after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In villages and towns, street names were changed and Soviet-Russian monuments were demolished.[6] Not only architectural structures, but also street names related to Russia were de-Russified. Changes were made in Lviv, Dnipro,[7] Kyiv[8] and Kharkiv. Ivano-Frankivsk became the first city in Ukraine to be completely free of Russian place names.[9]

In June 2022, the city of Kyiv held an electronic consultation to select Ukrainian names with which to rename streets and squares bearing Russian names. 6.5 million Ukrainians took part in the consultation.[10]

Minister of Culture and Information Policy Oleksandr Tkachenko stated that the derussification of Ukraine will take place naturally[11] and that "it's time to say goodbye to the symbols of the Russian-imperial, Soviet ideology forever."[12] He also noted that the Government of Ukraine approved the project of the document "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Cultural Heritage": there will be legal grounds for the removal of cultural heritage monuments from the State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine, which is a symbol of the Russian imperial and Soviet totalitarian politics and ideology.[12]

On April 21, 2023, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed the Law of Ukraine "On Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and Decolonization of Toponymy" [uk].[5] This law prohibits toponymy that symbolizes or glorifies Russia and the USSR, their memorial sites, dates, events, individuals who carried out aggression against Ukraine (or another country), as well as totalitarian policies and practices of the Soviet Union and Russia, including Ukrainians in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine.[5]

Policies enacted

Promotion of the Ukrainian language

Demotion of the Russian language

Renaming of toponyms

Further information: List of Ukrainian toponyms that were changed as part of derussification

Kyiv

Rest of the country

Demolition of monuments

Russian cultural centers

Others

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ready, Set, Go Decolonization! How New Law Changes Public Spaces of Ukraine". 27 July 2023.
  2. ^ "76% of Ukrainians support renaming streets and other objects related to Russia". Nikopol.City (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2022-04-26. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  3. ^ "Eighth National Poll: Ukraine in War Conditions (April 6, 2022)" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on April 16, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "Geographical names associated with Russia have been banned in Ukraine". Lb.ua [uk] (in Ukrainian). 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Zelenskyy signs law banning geographical names associated with Russia". Ukrayinska Pravda. 21 April 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  6. ^ "Derusification of consciousness or Ukrainian narration of urban space". Історична правда. Archived from the original on 2022-04-22. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  7. ^ "In the Dnipro, about 30 streets were renamed, the names of which were associated with Russia". www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 21 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-04-21. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  8. ^ ""The derussification of the Kyiv metro is part of the resistance": an interview with a historian about the new names of stations" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2022-11-11. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  9. ^ "Without Marshal Zhukov and Moscow streets. A new wave of decommunization and derussification has begun in Ukraine". nv.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2022-04-22. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  10. ^ "Понад 6,5 мільйонів голосів громадяни України віддали в рейтинговому електронному голосуванні щодо перейменувань міських об'єктів, назви яких пов'язані з російською федерацією та її сателітами". KYIV CITY COUNCIL (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-06-22.
  11. ^ "The derussification of Ukraine will take place naturally – Tkachenko". www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 21 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-04-22. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
  12. ^ a b "Time to say goodbye". nv.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  13. ^ "Аеропорти України дерусифікують" [UKRAINE'S AIRPORTS ARE DE-RUSSIFIED]. umoloda.kyiv.ua (in Ukrainian). 17 October 2016. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  14. ^ "Набуло чинності рішення Київради про україномовну рекламу в столиці" [The decision of the Kyiv City Council on Ukrainian-language advertising in the capital came into force]. Портал мовної політики (in Ukrainian). 2017-05-23. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
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  16. ^ "Новини – Деснянська районна в місті Києві державна адміністрація" [Measures to ensure the regional language policy in the city of Kyiv]. desn.kyivcity.gov.ua. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  17. ^ "Житомирська обласна рада прийняла рішення про дерусифікацію сфери..." [The Zhytomyr Regional Council adopted a decision on the de-Russification of the service sector in the region]. Портал мовної політики (in Ukrainian). 2017-11-21. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  18. ^ "Ресторани і магазини у Черкасах мають перейти на українську мову" [Restaurants and shops in Cherkasy should switch to the Ukrainian language]. Портал мовної політики (in Ukrainian). 2017-12-29. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  19. ^ "У Кропивницькому зобов'язали робити рекламу українською" [Kropyvnytskyi obliged to advertise in Ukrainian]. language-policy.info. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  20. ^ "У Львові зобов'язали підприємців вести діяльність українською мовою" [In Lviv, entrepreneurs were obliged to conduct their activities in the Ukrainian language]. language-policy.info. 16 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018.
  21. ^ "Президент підписав Указ «Про невідкладні заходи щодо зміцнення державного статусу української мови та сприяння створенню єдиного культурного простору України»" [The President signed the Decree "On urgent measures to strengthen the state status of the Ukrainian language and promote the creation of a unified cultural space of Ukraine"]. www.president.gov.ua. May 31, 2018. Archived from the original on 4 June 2018.
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  23. ^ Павло, Волошин (2019-04-25). "Верховна Рада ухвалила закон "Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної"" [The Verkhovna Rada adopted the law "On ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as a state language"]. Національний Промисловий Портал (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  24. ^ "Парубій підписав мовний закон" [Parubiy signed the language law]. espreso.tv (in Ukrainian). 14 May 2019. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  25. ^ "Порошенко підписав закон про мову – Новинарня" [Poroshenko signed the law on language]. novynarnia.com (in Ukrainian). 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  26. ^ "«Голос України» опублікував мовний закон". Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). "Voice of Ukraine" published the language law. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 2022-11-29.((cite news)): CS1 maint: others (link)
  27. ^ "КСУ визнав неконституційним мовний закон Ківалова- Колесніченка" [The KSU recognized the Kivalov-Kolesnichenko language law as unconstitutional]. www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). November 29, 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  28. ^ Reznik, Vladislava (2018). "Language Policy in Independent Ukraine: A Battle for National and Linguistic Empowerment". Language Planning in the Post-Communist Era. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 179. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70926-0_7. ISBN 978-3-319-70925-3.
  29. ^ "Миколаївська облрада не змогла забрати у російської мови статус регіональної" [The Mykolaiv regional council could not take away the status of a regional language from the Russian language]. language-policy.info. 12 April 2018. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018.
  30. ^ "Труханов може видихнути: "українізація" Одеської міськради провалилася" [Trukhanov can breathe a sigh of relief: the "Ukrainization" of the Odesa City Council has failed]. www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 25 April 2018. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  31. ^ "У Харківській області з російської мови зняли статус регіональної" [In the Kharkiv region, the status of the regional language was removed from the Russian language]. ua.korrespondent.net (in Russian). 13 December 2018. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  32. ^ "Львів'янин у суді домігся скасування регіональної мови в Дніпрі" [In court, a native of Lviv succeeded in canceling the regional language in Dnipro]. portal.lviv.ua (in Ukrainian). 6 May 2019. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  33. ^ "Львів'янин у суді домігся скасування регіональної мови в Донецькій області" [A man from Lviv won the court to cancel the regional language in the Donetsk region]. portal.lviv.ua (in Ukrainian). 7 June 2019. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  34. ^ "У прокуратурі розповіли, де на території Луганської області російська мова втратила статус регіональної" [The prosecutor's office said where on the territory of the Luhansk region the Russian language lost its status as a regional language]. Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  35. ^ "У Запоріжжі суд скасував рішення про надання російській статусу регіональної" [In Zaporizhzhia, the court overturned the decision to grant Russian regional status]. www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 6 November 2020. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  36. ^ Свобода, Радіо (December 5, 2020). "В Одесі суд визнав нечинним рішення про надання російській мові статусу регіональної" [In Odesa, the court invalidated the decision to grant the Russian language the status of a regional language]. Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-11-29.
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  38. ^ "Київрада проголосувала за дерусифікацію назв дев'яти вулиць і провулків" [Kyiv City Council voted to de-Russify the names of nine streets and alleys]. language-policy.info. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018.
  39. ^ "Ще ряд столичних вулиць та провулків отримали нові назв" [A NUMBER OF OTHER METROPOLITAN STREETS AND ALLEYS RECEIVED NEW NAMES]. KYIV CITY COUNCIL (in Ukrainian). 2018-12-06. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  40. ^ (in Ukrainian) Avenue Kadeniuk appeared in Kyiv, Suspilne (27 March 2023)
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  42. ^ "Вулицю Московської Олімпіади перейменували" [Moscow Olympics street was renamed] (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  43. ^ "Київська облрада підтримала перейменування Переяслава-Хмельницького" [The Kyiv Regional Council supported the renaming of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi]. LB.ua. December 14, 2017. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
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  47. ^ (in Ukrainian) Gagarin, Pushkin, Mayakovsky: the Kharkiv region continues to change the streets, SQ (19 October 2022)
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  51. ^ monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was demolished in Chernihiv, Suspilne (April 21, 2022 (in Ukrainian)
    Chernihiv was de-Russified by Pushkin, Ukrayinska Pravda (April 30, 2022)
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