Consonants
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximation
|
b
|
bak [bak], opdwaan [ˈobdvaːn][1]
|
bait
|
ɕ
|
sjonge [ˈɕoŋə]
|
ship, but without labialization and with stronger palatalization
|
d
|
dei [dai], net dwaan [nɛd dvaːn][1]
|
duck
|
dz
|
skodzje [ˈskɔdzjə]
|
between buds and budge (retracted)
|
f
|
fet [fɛt]
|
feats
|
ɡ
|
gau [ɡɔu],[2] ik bin [ɪɡ bɪn][1]
|
goal
|
ɣ
|
ploege [ˈpluːɣə],[2] sjoch ien [sjoɣ iən][1]
|
roughly like go, but without completely blocking air flow on the g; Spanish amigo
|
h
|
heal [hɪəl][3]
|
heal
|
j
|
jong [joŋ]
|
yard
|
k
|
kaam [kaːm]
|
school
|
l
|
lang [laŋ]
|
land
|
l̩
|
leppel [ˈlɛpl̩][4]
|
bottle
|
m
|
man [mɔn], ynbine [ˈimbinə][5]
|
man
|
m̩
|
iepen [ˈiəpm̩][4]
|
rhythm
|
n
|
né [nei]
|
neck
|
n̩
|
tiden [ˈtiːdn̩][4]
|
suddenly
|
ɲ
|
wenje [ˈvɛɲə]
|
somewhat like canyon
|
ŋ
|
sang [saŋ], ynkomme [ˈiŋkomə][5]
|
ring
|
ŋ̍
|
rekken [ˈrɛkŋ̍][4]
|
ring, but longer
|
p
|
piip [piːp], kob [kop][6]
|
sport
|
r
|
ryk [rik],[7] siede [ˈsiərə][8]
|
trilled R; similar to water (American English)
|
r̩
|
eker [ˈeikr̩][4]
|
s
|
sinne [ˈsɪnə]
|
between sip and ship (retracted)
|
t
|
tin [tɪn], jild [jɪlt],[6] op dy [op ti][9]
|
stop
|
ts
|
tsiis [tsiːs]
|
between cats and catch (retracted)
|
v
|
iver [ˈiːvər],[10][11] of bûter [ɔv ˈbutər],[1] of út [ɔv yt][1]
|
very
|
ʋ
|
wyn [ʋin][10]
|
between wine and vine
|
χ
|
ljocht [ljɔχt],[11] Valkenburg [ˈfalkəbørχ][6]
|
loch (Scottish English)
|
z
|
lêze [ˈlɛːzə],[11] baas die [baːz di],[1] is yn [ɪz in][1]
|
between zone and genre (retracted)
|
ʑ
|
telefyzje [teiləˈfiʑə]
|
genre, but without labialization and with stronger palatalization
|
Suprasegmentals
|
ˈ
|
stêd [ˈstɛːt]
|
Primary stress, as in deer /ˈdɪər/
|
ˌ
|
stedshûs [ˌstɛtsˈhuːs]
|
Secondary stress, as in commandeer /ˌkɒmənˈdɪər/
|
◌̃
|
ynfalle [ˈĩfɔlə], jûns [jũːs]
|
nasal vowel[12]
|
|
Dialectal sounds
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximation
|
ɑː
|
maat [mɑːt][13]
|
father
|
ɪː
|
beast [bɪːst][14]
|
kid
|
øː
|
beuch [bøːχ][15][16]
|
roughly like herd
|
œː
|
töter [ˈtœːtər][17]
|
œ
|
skoalle [ˈskœlə][17]
|
roughly like hurt
|
ɵ
|
[18]
|
ɞ
|
[18]
|
ɔi
|
laitsje [ˈlɔitsjə][19]
|
choice
|
uːi
|
[20]
|
to eternity
|