Language |
Word |
IPA |
Meaning |
Notes
|
Akan (Twi)
|
ɛyɛ
|
[ɛjɛ]
|
'it is good/fine'
|
See Akan phonology
|
Arabic
|
|
|
|
|
See Imāla
|
Armenian |
Eastern |
էջ/ēj |
[ɛd͡ʒ] |
'page' |
|
Bavarian |
Amstetten dialect[3] |
[example needed] |
Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨æ⟩.
|
Bengali |
এক/ek |
[ɛk] |
'one' |
Alternative transcription and phonetic realisation of [æ] and an allophone of [e]. See Bengali phonology
|
Bulgarian |
пет/pet |
[pɛt̪] |
'five' |
See Bulgarian phonology
|
Catalan |
set |
[ˈsɛt] |
'seven' |
See Catalan phonology
|
Chinese
|
Mandarin
|
天 / tiān
|
[tʰi̯ɛn˥]ⓘ
|
'sky'
|
Height varies between mid and open depending on the speaker. See Standard Chinese phonology
|
Chuvash
|
ҫепĕç
|
['ɕɛp̬ɘɕ]
|
'gentle, tender'
|
|
Czech |
led |
[lɛt] |
'ice' |
In Bohemian Czech, this vowel varies between open-mid front [ɛ], open-mid near-front [ɛ̠] and mid near-front [ɛ̝̈]. See Czech phonology
|
Danish |
Standard |
frisk |
[ˈfʁɛsk] |
'fresh' |
Most often transcribed in IPA with ⟨æ⟩. See Danish phonology
|
Dutch |
Standard |
bed |
[bɛt]ⓘ |
'bed' |
See Dutch phonology
|
The Hague |
jij |
[jɛ̞ː]ⓘ |
'you' |
Corresponds to [ɛi] in standard Dutch.
|
English |
General American |
bed |
[bɛd]ⓘ |
'bed' |
|
Northern England |
May be somewhat lowered.
|
Received Pronunciation[17] |
Older RP speakers pronounce a closer vowel [e̞]. See English phonology
|
General Australian
|
Realization of [e], particularly by younger speakers. See Australian English phonology
|
Scottish |
|
Cockney |
fat |
[fɛt] |
'fat' |
|
Singaporean |
|
New Zealand |
See New Zealand English phonology
|
Some Broad South African speakers |
Other speakers realize this vowel as [æ] or [a]. See South African English phonology
|
Belfast[23] |
days |
[dɛːz] |
'days' |
Pronounced [iə] in closed syllables; corresponds to [eɪ] in RP.
|
Zulu[24] |
mate |
[mɛt] |
'mate' |
Speakers exhibit a met-mate merger.
|
Faroese |
frekt |
[fɹɛʰkt] |
'greedy' |
See Faroese phonology
|
French |
bête |
[bɛt̪]ⓘ |
'beast' |
See French phonology
|
Galician |
ferro |
[ˈfɛro̝] |
'iron' |
See Galician phonology
|
Georgian |
გედი/gedi |
[ɡɛdi] |
'swan' |
|
German |
Standard |
Bett |
[b̥ɛt]ⓘ |
'bed' |
Also described as mid [ɛ̝]. See Standard German phonology
|
Franconian accent |
oder |
[ˈoːdɛ] |
'or' |
Used instead of [ɐ]. See Standard German phonology
|
Coastal Northern accents
|
Swabian accent |
fett |
[fɛt] |
'fat' |
Contrasts with the close-mid [e]. See Standard German phonology
|
Western Swiss accents |
See |
[z̥ɛː] |
'lake' |
Close-mid [eː] in other accents; contrasts with the near-open [æː]. See Standard German phonology
|
Hindustani |
Hindi |
रहना |
[ˈɾɛɦna] |
'to stay' |
See Hindustani phonology
|
Urdu
|
رہنا
|
Hungarian
|
lesz
|
[ˈlɛs]
|
'will be'
|
Allophone of [æ].
|
Italian |
bene |
[ˈbɛːne]ⓘ |
'good' |
See Italian phonology
|
Kaingang |
mbre |
[ˈᵐbɾɛ] |
'with' |
|
Korean |
매미 / maemi |
[mɛːmi] |
'cicada' |
See Korean phonology
|
Kurdish
|
Kurmanji (Northern)
|
hevde
|
[hɛvdɛ]
|
'seventeen'
|
See Kurdish phonology
|
Sorani (Central)
|
ههڤده/hevde
|
[hɛvdæ]
|
Pehlewî (Southern)
|
[hɛvdæ]
|
Limburgish |
crème |
[kʀ̝ɛːm] |
'cream' |
The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
|
Lithuanian |
mesti |
[mɛs̪t̪ɪ] |
'throw' |
See Lithuanian phonology
|
Lower Sorbian |
serp |
[s̪ɛrp] |
'sickle' |
|
Luxembourgish |
Stär |
[ʃtɛːɐ̯] |
'star' |
Allophone of /eː/ before /ʀ/. See Luxembourgish phonology
|
Macedonian[43][44] |
Standard |
мед/med |
[ˈmɛd̪] |
'honey' |
See Macedonian language § Vowels
|
Malay
|
Standard
|
paling
|
[pälɛŋ]
|
'to play'
|
Possible realisation of /i/ and /e/ in closed final syllables. See Malay phonology
|
Negeri Sembilan
|
cepat
|
[cɔpɛɁ]
|
'quick'
|
See Negeri Sembilan Malay
|
Kelatan-Pattani
|
ayam
|
[äjɛː]
|
'chicken'
|
See Kelatan-Pattani
|
Terengganu
|
biasa
|
[bɛsə]
|
'normal'
|
See Terengganu Malay
|
Perak
|
mata
|
[matɛ]
|
'eye'
|
See Perak Malay
|
Norman |
Jersey |
affaûrder |
[afɔrˈdɛ] |
'to afford' |
|
Norwegian |
Sognamål |
pest |
[pʰɛst] |
'plague' |
See Norwegian phonology
|
Occitan |
grèga |
[ˈɣɾɛɣɔ] |
'Greek' |
See Occitan phonology
|
Polish |
ten |
[t̪ɛn̪]ⓘ |
'this one' (nom. m.) |
See Polish phonology
|
Portuguese |
Most dialects[48] |
pé |
[ˈpɛ] |
'foot' |
Stressed vowel might be lower [æ]. The presence and use of other unstressed ⟨e⟩ allophones, such as [e̞ e ɪ i ɨ], varies according to dialect.
|
Some speakers[49] |
tempo |
[ˈt̪ɛ̃mpu] |
'time' |
Timbre differences for nasalized vowels are mainly kept in European Portuguese. See Portuguese phonology
|
Romanian |
Transylvanian dialects |
vede |
[ˈvɛɟe] |
'(he) sees' |
Corresponds to mid [e̞] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
|
Russian |
это/eto |
[ˈɛt̪ə]ⓘ |
'this' |
See Russian phonology
|
Shiwiar |
[example needed] |
|
|
Allophone of /a/.
|
Slovene |
met |
[mɛ́t] |
'throw' (n.) |
See Slovene phonology
|
Spanish |
Eastern Andalusian |
las madres |
[læ̞ː ˈmæ̞ːð̞ɾɛː] |
'the mothers' |
Corresponds to [e̞] in other dialects, but in these dialects they are distinct. See Spanish phonology
|
Murcian
|
Swahili
|
shule
|
[ʃulɛ]
|
'school'
|
|
Swedish |
Central Standard[54] |
ät |
[ɛ̠ːt̪] |
'eat' (imp.) |
Somewhat retracted.[54] See Swedish phonology
|
Tagalog |
peke |
[ˈpɛxɛʔ] |
'fake' |
See Tagalog phonology
|
Telugu
|
చేప
|
[tʃɛːa]
|
'Fish'
|
మేక
|
[mɛːka]
|
'Goat'
|
Thai |
แตร / trae |
[trɛː˧] |
'horn (instrument)'
|
|
Turkish |
ülke |
[y̠l̠ˈcɛ] |
'country' |
Allophone of /e/ described variously as "word-final" and "occurring in final open syllable of a phrase". See Turkish phonology
|
Ukrainian |
день/den' |
[dɛnʲ] |
'day' |
See Ukrainian phonology
|
Upper Sorbian |
čelo |
[ˈt͡ʃɛlɔ] |
'calf' |
|
Welsh
|
nesaf
|
[nɛsav]
|
'next'
|
See Welsh phonology
|
West Frisian |
beppe |
[ˈbɛpə] |
'grandma' |
See West Frisian phonology
|
Yoruba |
ẹsẹ̀ |
[ɛ̄sɛ] |
'leg' |
|