Voiceless velar affricate | |
---|---|
kx | |
IPA Number | 109 140 |
Audio sample | |
Encoding | |
X-SAMPA | k_x |
The voiceless velar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are ⟨k͡x⟩ and ⟨k͜x⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is k_x
. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨kx⟩ in the IPA and kx
in X-SAMPA.
Some languages have the voiceless pre-velar affricate,[1] which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless velar affricate, though not as front as the prototypical voiceless palatal affricate - see that article for more information.
Conversely, some languages have the voiceless post-velar affricate,[2] which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless velar affricate, though not as back as the prototypical voiceless uvular affricate - see that article for more information.
Features of the voiceless velar affricate:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alemannic | Swiss German and some dialects spoken in Baden-Württemberg | Chruut | [ˈk͡xru:t] | 'herb' | Often deaffricated to fricative /x/ in word-initial position in many Swiss dialects. |
Bavarian | Dialects spoken in Tyrol | Kchind | [ˈk͡xind̥] | 'child' | |
Dutch | Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[3] | blik | [ˈblɪk͡x] | 'plate' | Optional pre-pausal allophone of /k/.[3] |
Modern Greek | Ancient Greek borrowings | σάκχαρο | [ˈsak͡xaro] | '(blood) sugar' | |
English | Broad Cockney[4] | cab | [ˈk͡xɛˑb̥] | 'cab' | Possible word-initial, intervocalic and word-final allophone of /k/.[5] See English phonology |
New Zealand[6] | Word-initial allophone of /k/.[6] See English phonology | ||||
North Wales[7] | [ˈk͡xaˑb̥] | Word-initial and word-final allophone of /k/; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop [kʰ].[7] See English phonology | |||
Received Pronunciation[8] | Occasional allophone of /k/.[8] See English phonology | ||||
Scouse[9] | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /k/.[9] See English phonology | ||||
German | Standard Austrian[10] | Kübel | [ˈk͡xyːbœl] | 'bucket' | Possible realization of /k/ before front vowels.[10] See Standard German phonology |
Old dialect of Dinkelberg | Anke | [ˈɑŋk͡xə] | 'butter' | ||
Swiss dialects | Sack | [z̥ɑk͡x] | 'bag' | May be actually uvular [q͡χ] in some dialects. | |
Korean[11] | 크다 (keuda) | [k͡xɯ̽da] | 'big' | Allophone of /kʰ/ before /ɯ/.[11] See Korean phonology | |
Lakota | lakhóta | [laˈk͡xota] | 'Lakota' | Allophone of /kʰ/ before /a/, /ã/, /o/, /ĩ/, and /ũ/. | |
Navajo | kǫʼ | [k͡xõʔ˩] | 'fire' | Allophone of /kʰ/ before the back vowels /o, a/. See Navajo phonology | |
Slovene | sikh | [ˈs̪îːk͡x] | 'Sikh' | Very rare, occurring only in loanwords. See Slovene phonology | |
Xhosa | [example needed] | Represented by <krh>. Contrasts /kʼ, kʰ, ɡ̊ʱ, kxʼ, kxʰ, x, ɣ̈/. See Xhosa phonology. | |||
!Xóõ | [ǁ͡kxʼâã] | 'grass' | Used in pulmonic-contour clicks. |