Voiceless bilabial affricate
pɸ
Audio sample

The voiceless bilabial affricate ([p͡ɸ] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop [p] and released as a voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.

Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial affricate:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Dutch Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[1] up [ʊp͡ɸ] 'up, onto' Optional pre-pausal allophone of /p/.[1]
English Broad Cockney[2] up [ˈɐʔp͡ɸ] 'up' Allophone of /p/, occurs mainly word-finally.[3] See English phonology
Received Pronunciation[4] Rare allophone of /p/.[4] See English phonology
North Wales[5] [ˈəp͡ɸ] Word-initial and word-final allophone of /p/; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop [pʰ].[5] See English phonology
Port Talbot[6] Allophone of /p/. In free variation with [pʰʰ].[6]
Scouse[7] [ˈʊp͡ɸ] Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /p/.[7] See English phonology
German Some speakers tropfen [ˈtʁ̥ɔp͡ɸn̩] 'to drip' Allophone of /p͡f/. See Standard German phonology
Kaingang[8] fy [ˈp͡ɸɤ] 'seed' Possible word-initial allophone of /ɸ/.[8]
Northern Tiwa Taos dialect [ˌp͡ɸìˑˈwɛ̈̄ːnǣ] 'daughter' Allophone of /pʰ/, in free variation with [ph] and [ɸ]. See Taos phonology

Notes

  1. ^ a b Peters (2010), p. 240.
  2. ^ Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
  3. ^ Wells (1982), p. 323.
  4. ^ a b Cruttenden (2014), p. 172.
  5. ^ a b Penhallurick (2004), pp. 108–109.
  6. ^ a b Connolly, John H. (1990). English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change. Multilingual Matters Ltd.; Channel View Publications. pp. 121–129. ISBN 1-85359-032-0.
  7. ^ a b Wells (1982), p. 372.
  8. ^ a b Jolkesky (2009), pp. 680–681.

References

External links

International Phonetic Alphabet (chart)
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