Flowering plants in the order Sapindales recorded from South Africa
Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. The APG III system of 2009 includes it in the clade malvids (in rosids, in eudicots) with nine families:[1] The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[2]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]
Eight families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
Meliaceae
Cedrela
Genus Cedrela:[5]
Chukrasia
Genus Chukrasia:[5]
Ekebergia
Genus Ekebergia:[5]
Entandrophragma
Genus Entandrophragma:[5]
Khaya
Genus Khaya:[5]
Melia
Genus Melia:[5]
Nymania
Genus Nymania:[5]
Pseudobersama
Genus Pseudobersama:[5]
Toona
Genus Toona:[5]
Trichilia
Genus Trichilia:[5]
Turraea
Genus Turraea:[5]
- Turraea floribunda Hochst. indigenous
- Turraea nilotica Kotschy & Peyr. indigenous
- Turraea obtusifolia Hochst. indigenous
- Turraea pulchella (Harms) T.D.Penn. endemic
- Turraea streyi F.White & Styles, endemic
Xylocarpus
Genus Xylocarpus:[5]
Rutaceae
Acmadenia
Genus Acmadenia:[5]
- Acmadenia alternifolia Cham. endemic
- Acmadenia argillophila I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia baileyensis I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia bodkinii (Schltr.) Strid, endemic
- Acmadenia burchellii Dummer, endemic
- Acmadenia candida I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia densifolia Sond. endemic
- Acmadenia faucitincta I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia flaccida Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Acmadenia fruticosa I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia gracilis Dummer, endemic
- Acmadenia heterophylla P.E.Glover, endemic
- Acmadenia kiwanensis I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia latifolia I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia laxa I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia macradenia (Sond.) Dummer, endemic
- Acmadenia macropetala (P.E.Glover) Compton, endemic
- Acmadenia maculata I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia matroosbergensis E.Phillips, endemic
- Acmadenia mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Acmadenia nivea I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia nivenii Sond. endemic
- Acmadenia obtusata (Thunb.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Acmadenia obtusata (Thunb.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. var. macropetala Glover, accepted as Acmadenia macropetala (P.E.Glover) Compton, present
- Acmadenia patentifolia I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia rourkeana I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia rupicola I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia sheilae I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia tenax I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia teretifolia (Link) E.Phillips, endemic
- Acmadenia tetracarpellata I.Williams, endemic
- Acmadenia tetragona (L.f.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Acmadenia trigona (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce, endemic
- Acmadenia wittebergensis (Compton) I.Williams, endemic
Adenandra
Genus Adenandra:[5]
- Adenandra acuta Schltr. endemic
- Adenandra brachyphylla Schltdl. endemic
- Adenandra coriacea Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. endemic
- Adenandra dahlgrenii Strid, endemic
- Adenandra fragrans (Sims) Roem. & Schult. endemic
- Adenandra gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Adenandra gummifera Strid, endemic
- Adenandra lasiantha Sond. endemic
- Adenandra marginata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. endemic
- Adenandra marginata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. humilis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Strid, accepted as Adenandra humilis Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Adenandra marginata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. marginata, endemic
- Adenandra marginata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. mucronata Strid, endemic
- Adenandra marginata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. serpyllacea (Bartl.) Strid, endemic
- Adenandra multiflora Strid, endemic
- Adenandra mundiifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Adenandra obtusata Sond. endemic
- Adenandra odoratissima Strid, endemic
- Adenandra odoratissima Strid subsp. odoratissima, endemic
- Adenandra odoratissima Strid subsp. tenuis Strid, endemic
- Adenandra rotundifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Adenandra schlechteri Dummer, endemic
- Adenandra uniflora (L.) Willd. endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. apiculata Strid, endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. biseriata (E.Mey. ex Bartl. & H.L.W, endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. imbricata Strid, endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. orbicularis Strid, endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. pedicellata Strid, endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. robusta Strid, endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. sonderi (Dummer) Strid, endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. umbellata (J.C.Wendl.) Strid, endemic
- Adenandra villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. villosa, endemic
- Adenandra viscidia Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
Agathosma
Genus Agathosma:[5]
- Agathosma abrupta Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma acocksii Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma acutissima Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma adenandriflora Schltr. endemic
- Agathosma adnata Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma aemula Schltr. endemic
- Agathosma affinis Sond. endemic
- Agathosma alaris Cham. endemic
- Agathosma alligans I.Williams, endemic
- Agathosma alpina Schltr. endemic
- Agathosma alticola Schltr. ex Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma anomala E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
- Agathosma apiculata G.Mey. endemic
- Agathosma asperifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Agathosma barnesiae Compton, endemic
- Agathosma bathii (Dummer) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma bicolor Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma bicornuta R.A.Dyer, endemic
- Agathosma bifida (Jacq.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma bisulca (Thunb.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma blaerioides Cham. endemic
- Agathosma bodkinii Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma capensis (L.) Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma capitata Sond. endemic
- Agathosma cedrimontana Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma cephalodes E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
- Agathosma cerefolium (Vent.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma ciliaris (L.) Druce, endemic
- Agathosma ciliata (L.) Link, endemic
- Agathosma clavisepala R.A.Dyer, endemic
- Agathosma collina Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Agathosma concava Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma conferta Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma cordifolia Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma corymbosa (Montin) G.Don, endemic
- Agathosma craspedota Sond. endemic
- Agathosma crassifolia Sond. endemic
- Agathosma crenulata (L.) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma decurrens Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma dentata Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma dielsiana Schltr. ex Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma distans Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma divaricata Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma dregeana Sond. endemic
- Agathosma elata Sond. endemic
- Agathosma elegans Cham. endemic
- Agathosma eriantha (Steud.) Steud. endemic
- Agathosma esterhuyseniae Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma florida Sond. endemic
- Agathosma florulenta Sond. endemic
- Agathosma foetidissima (Bartl. & H.L.Wendl.) Steud. endemic
- Agathosma foleyana Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma fraudulenta Sond. endemic
- Agathosma geniculata Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma giftbergensis E.Phillips, endemic
- Agathosma glabrata Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma glandulosa (Thunb.) Sond. endemic
- Agathosma gnidiiflora Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma gonaquensis Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Agathosma hirsuta Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma hirta (Lam.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma hispida (Thunb.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma hookeri Sond. endemic
- Agathosma humilis Sond. endemic
- Agathosma imbricata (L.) Willd. endemic
- Agathosma insignis (Compton) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma involucrata Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Agathosma joubertiana Schltdl. endemic
- Agathosma juniperifolia Bartl. endemic
- Agathosma kougaense Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma krakadouwensis Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma lanceolata (L.) Engl. endemic
- Agathosma lancifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Agathosma latipetala Sond. endemic
- Agathosma leptospermoides Sond. endemic
- Agathosma linifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Licht. ex Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma longicornu Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma marifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Agathosma marlothii Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma martiana Sond. endemic
- Agathosma microcalyx Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma microcarpa (Sond.) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma minuta Schltdl. endemic
- Agathosma mirabilis Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma mucronulata Sond. endemic
- Agathosma muirii E.Phillips, endemic
- Agathosma mundtii Cham. & Schltdl. endemic
- Agathosma namaquensis Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma odoratissima (Montin) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma orbicularis (Thunb.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma ovalifolia Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma ovata (Thunb.) Pillans, indigenous
- Agathosma pallens Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma pattisoniae Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma peglerae Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma pentachotoma E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
- Agathosma phillipsii Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma pilifera Schltdl. endemic
- Agathosma planifolia Sond. endemic
- Agathosma propinqua Sond. endemic
- Agathosma puberula (Steud.) Fourc. endemic
- Agathosma pubigera Sond. endemic
- Agathosma pulchella (L.) Link, endemic
- Agathosma pungens (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma purpurea Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma recurvifolia Sond. endemic
- Agathosma rehmanniana Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma riversdalensis Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma robusta Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Agathosma roodebergensis Compton, endemic
- Agathosma rosmarinifolia (Bartl.) I.Williams, endemic
- Agathosma rubricaulis Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma rudolphii I.Williams, endemic
- Agathosma sabulosa Sond. endemic
- Agathosma salina Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Agathosma scaberula Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma sedifolia Schltdl. endemic
- Agathosma serpyllacea Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. endemic
- Agathosma serratifolia (Curtis) Spreeth, endemic
- Agathosma sladeniana R.Glover, endemic
- Agathosma spinescens Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma spinosa Sond. endemic
- Agathosma squamosa (Roem. & Schult.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma stenopetala (Steud.) Steud. endemic
- Agathosma stenosepala Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma stilbeoides Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma stipitata Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma stokoei Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma subteretifolia Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma tabularis Sond. endemic
- Agathosma thymifolia Schltdl. endemic
- Agathosma trichocarpa Holmes, endemic
- Agathosma tulbaghensis Dummer, endemic
- Agathosma umbonata Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma unicarpellata (Fourc.) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma venusta (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Pillans, endemic
- Agathosma virgata (Lam.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Agathosma zwartbergense Pillans, endemic
Calodendrum
Genus Calodendrum:[5]
Clausena
Genus Clausena:[5]
- Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. indigenous
- Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. subsp. abyssinica (Engl.) Cufod. accepted as Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. var. anisata
- Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. var. anisata, indigenous
Coleonema
Genus Coleonema:[5]
- Coleonema album (Thunb.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Coleonema aspalathoides Juss. ex G.Don, endemic
- Coleonema calycinum (Steud.) I.Williams, endemic
- Coleonema juniperinum Sond. endemic
- Coleonema nubigenum Esterh. endemic
- Coleonema pulchellum I.Williams, endemic
- Coleonema pulchrum Hook. endemic
- Coleonema virgatum (Schltdl.) Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
Diosma
Genus Diosma:[5]
- Diosma acmaeophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Diosma apetala (Dummer) I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma arenicola I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma aristata I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma aspalathoides Lam. endemic
- Diosma awilana I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma capitata L. accepted as Audouinia capitata (L.) Brongn. indigenous
- Diosma cuspidata Thunb. accepted as Linconia cuspidata (Thunb.) Sw. indigenous
- Diosma demissa I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma deusta Thunb. accepted as Linconia cuspidata (Thunb.) Sw. indigenous
- Diosma dichotoma P.J.Bergius, endemic
- Diosma echinulata I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma fallax I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma guthriei P.E.Glover, endemic
- Diosma haelkraalensis I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma hirsuta L. endemic
- Diosma meyeriana Spreng. endemic
- Diosma oppositifolia L. endemic
- Diosma parvula I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma passerinoides Steud. endemic
- Diosma pedicellata I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma pilosa I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma prama I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma ramosissima Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Diosma recurva Cham. endemic
- Diosma rourkei I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma sabulosa I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma strumosa I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma subulata J.C.Wendl. endemic
- Diosma tenella I.Williams, endemic
- Diosma thyrsophora Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Diosma ustulata Thunb. accepted as Thamnea unstulata (Thunb.) A.V.Hall, endemic
Empleurum
Genus Empleurum:[5]
Euchaetis
Genus Euchaetis:[5]
- Euchaetis albertiniana I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis avisylvana I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis burchellii Dummer, endemic
- Euchaetis cristagalli I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis diosmoides (Schltr.) I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis elata Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Euchaetis elsieae I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis ericoides Dummer, endemic
- Euchaetis esterhuyseniae I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis flexilis Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
- Euchaetis glabra I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis glomerata Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Euchaetis intonsa I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis laevigata Turcz. endemic
- Euchaetis linearis Sond. endemic
- Euchaetis longibracteata Schltr. endemic
- Euchaetis longicornis I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis meridionalis I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis pungens (Bartl. & H.L.Wendl.) I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis scabricosta I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis schlechteri Schinz, endemic
- Euchaetis tricarpellata I.Williams, endemic
- Euchaetis vallis-simiae I.Williams, endemic
Macrostylis
Genus Macrostylis:[5]
- Macrostylis barbigera (L.f.) Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Macrostylis cassiopoides (Turcz.) I.Williams, indigenous
- Macrostylis cassiopoides (Turcz.) I.Williams subsp. cassiopoides, endemic
- Macrostylis cassiopoides (Turcz.) I.Williams subsp. dregeana (Sond.) I.Williams, endemic
- Macrostylis cauliflora I.Williams, endemic
- Macrostylis crassifolia Sond. endemic
- Macrostylis decipiens E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
- Macrostylis hirta E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
- Macrostylis ramulosa I.Williams, endemic
- Macrostylis squarrosa Bartl. & H.L.Wendl. endemic
- Macrostylis tenuis E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
- Macrostylis villosa (Thunb.) Sond. indigenous
- Macrostylis villosa (Thunb.) Sond. subsp. minor I.Williams, endemic
- Macrostylis villosa (Thunb.) Sond. subsp. villosa, endemic
Murraya
Genus Murraya:[5]
- Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
- Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack var. paniculata, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Oricia
Genus Oricia – synonym of Vepris[6]
- Oricia bachmannii (Engl.) I.Verd. accepted as Vepris bachmannii (Engl.) Mziray, indigenous
- Oricia swynnertonii (Baker f.) I.Verd. accepted as Vepris bachmannii (Engl.) Mziray, indigenous
- Oricia transvaalensis I.Verd. accepted as Vepris bachmannii (Engl.) Mziray, present
Phyllosma
Genus Phyllosma:[5]
- Phyllosma barosmoides (Dummer) I.Williams, endemic
- Phyllosma capensis Bolus, endemic
Ptaeroxylon
Genus Ptaeroxylon:[5]
Ruta
Genus Ruta:[5]
Sheilanthera
Genus Sheilanthera:[5]
Teclea
Genus Teclea – synonym of Vepris[6]
- Teclea bachmannii Engl. accepted as Vepris bachmannii (Engl.) Mziray, indigenous
- Teclea gerrardii I.Verd. accepted as Vepris trichocarpa (Engl.) Mziray, indigenous
- Teclea natalensis (Sond.) Engl. accepted as Vepris natalensis (Sond.) Mziray, indigenous
- Teclea pilosa (Engl.) I.Verd. accepted as Vepris carringtoniana Mendonça, indigenous
- Teclea swynnertonii Baker f. accepted as Vepris bachmannii (Engl.) Mziray, indigenous
Thamnosma
Genus Thamnosma:[5]
- Thamnosma africana Engl. indigenous
Toddalia
Genus Toddalia:[5]
- Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. indigenous
- Toddalia natalensis Sond. accepted as Vepris natalensis (Sond.) Mziray, indigenous
Toddaliopsis
Genus Toddaliopsis – synonym of Vepris[6]
- Toddaliopsis bremekampii I.Verd. accepted as Vepris bremekampii (I.Verd.) Mziray, indigenous
Vepris
Genus Vepris:[5]
- Vepris bachmannii (Engl.) Mziray, indigenous
- Vepris bremekampii (I.Verd.) Mziray, indigenous
- Vepris carringtoniana Mendonça, indigenous
- Vepris lanceolata (Lam.) G.Don, indigenous
- Vepris natalensis (Sond.) Mziray, indigenous
- Vepris reflexa I.Verd. indigenous
- Vepris trichocarpa (Engl.) Mziray, indigenous
Zanthoxylum
Genus Zanthoxylum:[5]