The year 1562 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.

Geography

• Diego Gutiérrez and Hieronymus Cock published the map Americae Sive Quartae Orbis Partis Nova Et Exactissima Descriptio.

Mathematics

• Humphrey Baker's arithmetic textbook The Wellspring of Sciences first published in London.

Births

• April 24 – Xu Guangqi, Chinese polymath (died 1633)
• October 4 – Christen Sørensen Longomontanus, Danish astronomer (died 1647)

Deaths

• October 9 – Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist and physician (born 1523)