April 9 – American botanist John Bartram completes his first exploration and cataloging of North American plants after more than nine months.[1]
Moses Harris publishes The Aurelian, or, Natural History of English Insects; Namely, Moths and Butterflies.
English painter George Stubbs publishes The Anatomy of the Horse.
Chemistry
May 29 – Henry Cavendish presents to the Royal Society of London his paper "On Factitious Airs". This is generally credited as showing the discovery of hydrogen, since it describes the density of 'inflammable air', which forms water on combustion.