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((Infobox civilian attack
|title= Aleppo Artillery School massacre
|image=((Location map|Syria Aleppo
| width    = 250
| float    = right
| caption  =
| label    = Artillery School location
| position = right
| lat_deg  = 36.1596372
| lon_deg  = 37.1177387
))
|partof     = [[Islamist uprising in Syria]]
|caption    =
|location   = [[Aleppo]], [[Syria]]
|target     = [[Syrian Army]] [[cadet]]s
|date       = 16 June 1979
|time       =
|timezone   =
|type       = [[Execution]]
|weapons    = Guns, [[grenade]]s
|fatalities = 83
|injuries   =
))
((use dmy dates|date=January 2024))
((Campaignbox Islamist uprising in Syria))
The '''Aleppo Artillery School massacre''' was a sectarian [[massacre]] of [[Syrian Army]] [[cadet]]s on 16 June 1979. It was carried out by a handful of members of the [[Fighting Vanguard]] led by [[ʽAdnan ʽUqla|Adnan Uqlah]], without the permission of the Fighting Vanguard's leader, Hisham Jumbaz.((sfn|Lefèvre|2015|p=128))((sfn|Lefèvre|2013|p=105))((sfn|Conduit|2019|p=35)) The [[Muslim Brotherhood in Syria]] was most likely responsible for the attack and tried to cover it up by condemning it, but the Syrian government decided to conduct a large-scale crackdown against it to prevent any reoccurrence.((sfn|Lefèvre|2013|p=111))((sfn|Conduit|2019|pp=112–113))

==Massacre==
The massacre occurred on 16 June 1979, in the [[Ramouseh]] district of the city of [[Aleppo]], Syria, at the Aleppo Artillery School. An officer on duty, Ibrahim el-Youssef, and members of the [[Fighting Vanguard]] (''at-Tali’a al-Muqatila'') and led by [[`Adnan `Uqla|ʿAdnan ʿUqla]], massacred 83 [[Alawites|Alawi]] cadets in the Aleppo Artillery School.<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/syria/18.htm The Assad Era] Thomas Collelo, ed. Syria: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1987.</ref><ref>[http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/origins/print.cfm?articleid=70 Syria's Islamist Movement and the 2011-12 Uprising] ORIGINS volume 5 issue 10 ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622031757/http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/origins/print.cfm?articleid=70 |date=June 22, 2012 ))</ref><ref>[http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/830/from-hama-to-hamas-syrias-islamist-policies From Hama to Hamas: Syria's Islamist Policies] inFocus SPRING 2009 • VOLUME III: NUMBER 1, [[Jewish Policy Center]]</ref> The duty officer in charge of the school called Alawite cadets to an urgent morning meeting in the mess hall of the school; when they arrived, he and his accomplices [[mass shootings|opened fire]] on the unarmed cadets with [[automatic weapon]]s and [[grenade]]s.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.shrc.org/en/?p=19785|title = The Massacre of the Military Artillery School at Aleppo – Special Report))</ref> The incident marked the beginning of full scale urban warfare of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood against the ruling Alawites.<ref name="books.google.co.il">((cite book |url=((Google books |plainurl=yes |id=-2jCN5Ur6yUC |page=8 )) |title=The Hama Massacre: Reasons, Supporters of the Rebellion, Consequences |first=Kathrin Nina |last=Wiedl |publisher=GRIN Verlag |year=2006 |isbn=3-638-71034-3 |page=8 |access-date=2013-03-17 ))((Self-published source|date=January 2015))<!-- GRIN Verlag is book-on-demand publisher for self-publishing --></ref>

==Reaction==
On 22 June, the Syrian interior minister, Adnan al-Dabbagh, accused the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] of the massacre. Although the principal targets were members of the Alawite sect, the Syrian Minister of Information, Ahmad Iskander Ahmad, stated that the murdered cadets also included [[Christianity in Syria|Christians]] and [[Sunni Muslim]]s.((Citation needed|date=March 2022)) In a statement distributed on 24 June, the Muslim Brotherhood organization denied that it had any prior knowledge of the massacre nor involvement in it.<ref name="shrc">((cite web|url=http://www.shrc.org/en/?p=19785 |title=The Massacre of the Military Artillery School at Aleppo - Special Report &#124; 2002 Reports |publisher=SHRC.org |access-date=2013-03-17))</ref> It also accused the [[Syrian government]], then led by the Alawite [[President of Syria|President]] [[Hafez al-Assad]], of trying to tarnish the image of the Muslim Brotherhood, speculatively because it was influential among the [[Syrians|Syrian public]]. Overall, Syrian Islamists differed in their response to the massacre, however, with differing beliefs about the role of this kind of violence as a resistance tactic against the regime.<ref>((Cite book |last=Dagher |first=Sam |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1101180175 |title=Assad or we burn the country : how one family's lust for power destroyed Syria |date=2019 |isbn=978-0-316-55672-9 |edition=First |location=New York |oclc=1101180175))</ref>

The Syrian government responded by sentencing to death an estimated 15 prisoners belonging to the "Islamic resistance movement," all of whom were also accused of being [[Iraq]]i agents.((Citation needed|date=March 2022)) Following the massacre, [[terrorism in Syria|terrorist]] attacks became almost a daily occurrence, particularly in Aleppo and other northern cities. The government usually attributed these attacks to the Muslim Brotherhood, but as the armed resistance gained wider popular support and other, loosely defined, armed groups appeared, it became difficult to determine the extent of the Brotherhood's involvement.<ref>Carré , 135-7.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Siege of Aleppo (1980)]]

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

==Sources==
*((cite book |last1=Conduit |first1=Dara |title=The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria |date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-49977-4 |language=en))
*((cite book |last1=Lefèvre |first1=Raphaël |title=Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria |date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-933062-1 |language=en))
*((cite book |last1=Lefèvre |first1=Raphaël |title=The Alawis of Syria: War, Faith and Politics in the Levant |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-045811-9 |language=en |chapter=The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood’s Alawi Conundrum))
((Terrorist attacks in Syria))
((coord missing|Syria))

[[Category:1979 mass shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:1979 murders in Syria]]
[[Category:20th century in Aleppo|Artillery School massacre]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murder in Syria]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Islamist uprising in Syria]]
[[Category:June 1979 events in Asia]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1979]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1979]]
[[Category:Mass murder in Aleppo|Artillery School massacre]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in Syria]]
[[Category:Massacres in Syria]]
[[Category:School massacres in Asia]]
[[Category:School shootings in Asia]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Aleppo|Artillery School massacre]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in 1979]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Syria in 1979]]
[[Category:1979 in Islam]]
[[Category:Sectarian violence]]

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