Ampelopsin
Ampelopsin.svg
Names
IUPAC name
(2R,3R)-3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxyflavan-4-one
Systematic IUPAC name
(2R,3R)-3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy)-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Other names
Dihydromyricetin, Ampeloptin,(+)-Ampelopsin,(+)-Dihydromyricetin
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C15H12O8/c16-6-3-7(17)11-10(4-6)23-15(14(22)13(11)21)5-1-8(18)12(20)9(19)2-5/h1-4,14-20,22H/t14-,15+/m1/s1 checkY
    Key: KJXSIXMJHKAJOD-CABCVRRESA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C15H12O8/c16-6-3-7(17)11-10(4-6)23-15(14(22)13(11)21)5-1-8(18)12(20)9(19)2-5/h1-4,14-20,22H/t14-,15+/m1/s1
    Key: KJXSIXMJHKAJOD-CABCVRREBP
  • Oc1cc(cc(O)c1O)[C@@H]3Oc2cc(O)cc(O)c2C(=O)[C@H]3O
Properties
C15H12O8
Molar mass 320.253 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ampelopsin, also known as dihydromyricetin and DHM, when purported as an effective ingredient in supplements and other tonics, is a flavanonol, a type of flavonoid. It is extracted from the Japanese raisin tree and found in Ampelopsis species japonica, megalophylla, and grossedentata; Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Hovenia dulcis; Rhododendron cinnabarinum; some Pinus species; and some Cedrus species,[1] as well as in Salix sachalinensis.[2]

Hovenia dulcis has been used in traditional Japanese, Chinese, and Korean medicines to treat fever, parasitic infection, as a laxative, and a treatment of liver diseases, and as a hangover treatment.[3] Methods have been developed to extract ampelopsin on a larger scale, and laboratory research has been conducted with the compound to see if it might be useful as a drug in any of the conditions for which the parent plant has been traditionally used.[3]

Research

Research suggests that DHM protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via stimulation of the SIRT1 pathway.[4]

In a trial of 60 patients with "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease," dihydromyricetin improved glucose and lipid metabolism and yielded potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory effects.[5]

A study of rats demonstrated pharmacological properties of DHM which suggest it would be a therapeutic candidate to treat alcohol use disorders.[6]

Dihydromyricetin shows poor bioavailability which limits its potential medicinal applications.[7]

Additional research is required before claims of human efficacy and application, necessary dosage, and solutions to poor bioavailability, are met with scientific validation.

References

  1. ^ Zhou, Jiaju; Xie, Guirong; Yan, Xinjian (2011-02-21). Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicines – Molecular Structures, Pharmacological Activities, Natural Sources and Applications: Vol. 1: Isolated Compounds A-C. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-642-16735-5.
  2. ^ Tahara S (June 2007). "A journey of twenty-five years through the ecological biochemistry of flavonoids". Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 71 (6): 1387–404. doi:10.1271/bbb.70028. PMID 17587669. S2CID 35670587.
  3. ^ a b Hyun TK, Eom SH, Yu CY, Roitsch T (July 2010). "Hovenia dulcis--an Asian traditional herb". Planta Med. 76 (10): 943–9. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1249776. PMID 20379955.
  4. ^ Christidi E, Brunham LR (April 2021). "Regulated cell death pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity". Cell Death Dis. 12 (4): 339. doi:10.1038/s41419-021-03614-x. PMC 8017015. PMID 33795647.
  5. ^ Chen S, Zhao X, Wan J, Ran L, Qin Y, Wang X, Gao Y, Shu F, Zhang Y, Liu P, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Mi M (September 2015). "Dihydromyricetin improves glucose and lipid metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial". Pharmacol Res. 99: 74–81. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.009. PMID 26032587.
  6. ^ Shen Y, Lindemeyer AK, Gonzalez C, Shao XM, Spigelman I, Olsen RW, Liang J (January 2012). "Dihydromyricetin as a novel anti-alcohol intoxication medication". J Neurosci. 32 (1): 390–401. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4639-11.2012. PMC 3292407. PMID 22219299.
  7. ^ Li H, Li Q, Liu Z, Yang K, Chen Z, Cheng Q, Wu L (2017). "The Versatile Effects of Dihydromyricetin in Health". Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017: 1053617. doi:10.1155/2017/1053617. PMC 5602609. PMID 28947908.
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