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((Short description|1794–96 British client state in Corsica))
((More citations needed|date=April 2021))
((Infobox country
| native_name            = ((native name|it|Regno di Corsica))<br/>((native name|co|Regnu di Corsica))
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Corsica
| common_name            = Corsica
| status                 = [[Personal union]] with [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]
| era                    = [[Age of Enlightenment]]
| year_start             = 1794
| year_end               = 1796
| date_start             = 15−19 June<!--From parliamentary vote on union to adoption of constitution-->
| event2                 = [[Siege of Calvi]]
| date_event2            = 17 June − 10 August 1794
| event3                 = Exile of Paoli
| date_event3            = October 1795
| event4                 = British evacuation
| date_event4            = 11 October 1796
| date_end               = 19 October
| event_start            = 
| event_end              = Conquered
| p1                     = First French Republic
| flag_p1                = Flag of France.svg
| s1                     = First French Republic
| flag_s1                = Flag of France.svg
| image_flag             = Flag of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom.svg
| flag                   = Flag and coat of arms of Corsica
| flag_type              = Flag((smallsup|a))
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom.svg
| symbol                 = Flag and coat of arms of Corsica
| symbol_type            = Coat of arms
| image_map              = 1794 Jeffreys Map of Corsica, France - Geographicus - Corsica-jeffreys-1794.jpg
| image_map_caption      = 1794 map of the "Island and Kingdom of Corsica"
| national_motto         = ''Amici e non di ventura''<br/>(English: ''Friends, and not by mere accident'')
| national_anthem        = ''[[Dio vi salvi Regina]]''<br />(''((small|"God save you Queen"))'')<br />((center|[[File:Lhymne Corse - Dio Vi Salvi Regina.ogg]]))
| capital                = [[Corte, Haute-Corse|Corte]] (until 1795)<br/>[[Bastia]] (from 1795)
| common_languages       = ((ubl|[[Italian language|Italian]]|[[Corsican language|Corsican]]))
| religion               = [[Roman Catholicism]]
| government_type        = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]]
| leader_title1          = King((smallsup|b))
| leader_name1           = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
| year_leader1           = 
| leader_title2          = Viceroy
| leader_name2           = [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto|Sir Gilbert Elliot, 4th Baronet]]
| leader_title3          = President of the Council of State
| leader_name3           = ((nowrap|[[Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo|Count Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo]]))
| legislature            = [[Parliament]]
| currency               = soldi
| today                  = [[France]]<br /> '''∟''' [[Corsica]]
| footnotes              = ((sup|a)) The flag of the kingdom was the Corsican Moor's head united with the British royal arms.<br/>((sup|b)) Represented by a [[viceroy]].
| coordinates            = ((WikidataCoord|display=title,inline))
))

The '''Anglo-Corsican Kingdom''' (((Lang-it|Regno Anglo-Corso)); ((Lang-co|Riame anglo-corsu)) or ((Lang|co|Riamu anglu-corsu))), also known officially as the '''Kingdom of Corsica''' (((Lang-it|Regno di Corsica|links=no)); ((Lang-co|Regnu di Corsica|links=no))), was a [[client state]] of the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] that existed on the island of [[Corsica]] between 1794 and 1796, during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]].<ref name=":0">[https://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/14001/1/12-TandoriMaria.pdf The British rule and the English constitution in Corsica, 1794-1796]</ref>

==Background==
((see also|Invasion of Corsica (1794)))
During the time of the [[French Revolution]], Corsica had been a part of France for just two decades. The Corsican leader [[Pasquale Paoli]], who had been exiled under the monarchy, became something of an idol of liberty and democracy, and, in 1789, was invited to [[Paris]] by the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]], where he was celebrated as a hero in front of the assembly. He was afterwards sent back to Corsica with the rank of lieutenant-general.

However, Paoli eventually split from the revolutionary movement over the issue of the execution of [[Louis XVI of France|King Louis XVI]] and threw in his lot with the royalist party.  Accused of treason by the [[French National Convention]], he summoned a ''consulta'' (assembly) at [[Corte, Haute-Corse|Corte]] in 1793, with himself as president, at which Corsica's formal secession from France was declared. He requested the protection of the British government, then at war with revolutionary France, and suggested the [[Kingdom of Ireland]] as a model for an autonomous kingdom under the British monarch. For Britain it was an opportunity to secure a [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] base.

== History ==
In 1794, Britain sent a fleet to Corsica under Admiral [[Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood|Samuel Hood]]. It was during the [[Siege of Calvi|fighting to capture Calvi]] that then-Captain [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]] lost the sight in his right eye. For a short time, Corsica was added to the dominions of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]], chiefly by the exertions of Hood's fleet, and Paoli's cooperation.

The constitution was democratic, with a viceroy ([[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto|Sir Gilbert Elliot]]) representing the King, an elected unicameral Parliament, and a Council that was the executive body of the Kingdom, with [[Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo]] as [[syndic|procureur-general-syndic]] (chief of the civil government) and later president of the council of state, at its head.

The relationship between Paoli's government and the British was never clearly defined, however, resulting in numerous questions of authority; in particular, tensions arose from the conflict between Sir Gilbert's loyalty to the British monarchy, and Paoli's republican leanings and desire to defend Corsican autonomy. The Viceroy was also given the right of a veto of policy in the Constitution.<ref name=":0" /> There was also a pronounced division between Corte, the traditional capital and an inland stronghold, and [[Bastia]] on the coast, where Sir Gilbert moved the capital in early 1795, and which was the centre for French and Corsican royalists.<ref>((cite book |title=Pasquale Paoli: An Enlightened Hero 1725–1807 |last=Thrasher |first=Peter Adam  |year=1970 |publisher=Archon Books|location=Hamden, CT |isbn=0-208-01031-9 |pages=291–326))</ref> With Spain coming in on the side of the French, the British realised their position in the Mediterranean was precarious and withdrew their forces from the island by October.  The Crown invited Paoli to resign and return to exile in Britain with a pension, which, having no alternative, he was forced to do, joining the British in their retreat from the island.  On 19 October 1796, the French reconquered Bastia<ref>((cite book |page=171 |title=The Ungovernable Rock: A History of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and Its Role in Britain's Mediterranean Strategy During the Revolutionary War, 1793–1797 |first=Desmond |last=Gregory |year=1985 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press |location=London |isbn=0-8386-3225-4))</ref> and Corsica became two French ''[[departments of France|départements]]'' ([[Golo (department)|Golo]] and [[Liamone]]).

==Viceroy==
*[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto|Sir Gilbert Elliot, 4th Baronet]] (later [[Earl of Minto|1st Earl of Minto]])

==See also==
*[[Pasquale Paoli#President of the British protectorate|Pasquale Paoli]]
*[[Corsican Republic]]
*[[Kingdom of Corsica (1736)]]

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=dWxaDQaMcg4C&pg=RA1-PA103 Second Corsican constitution (1794)]

((British overseas territories))
((Former monarchies Italian peninsula))

[[Category:1794 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:1796 disestablishments in Europe]]
[[Category:18th century in Corsica]]
[[Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in Europe]]
[[Category:Former British protectorates]]
[[Category:Former kingdoms]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Europe]]
[[Category:Former unrecognized countries]]
[[Category:Island countries]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1794]]

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