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((Short description|1541–1818 territory of the Spanish Empire))
((Coord|display=title))((more citations needed|date=May 2015))
((Infobox country
| native_name            = Capitanía General de Chile<br/>Reino de Chile
| conventional_long_name = General Captaincy of Chile<br/>Kingdom of Chile
| common_name            = Chile
| status                 = Kingdoms of Indies
| status_text            = Kingdoms of Indies of the [[Spanish Empire|Hispanic Monarchy]]
| empire                 = Spain
| religion               = [[Roman Catholicism]]
| era                    = [[Spanish Empire]]
| life_span              = 1541-1810<br>1814-1818
| year_start             = 1541
| year_end               = 1818
| date_end               = February 12
| event_start            = 
| date_start             = 
| event1                 = [[Government Junta of Chile (1810)|First Government Junta]]
| date_event1            = September 18, 1810
| event2                 = [[Battle of Rancagua|Spanish Reconquest]]
| date_event2            = October 2, 1814
| event_end              = [[Chilean War of Independence|Chilean Independence]]
| p1                     = Viceroyalty of Peru
| s1                     = Patria Vieja
| image_flag             = Flag of New Spain.svg
| flag_type              = [[Cross of Burgundy|Ensign used by Spanish troops]]
| image_map              = Captaincy General of Chile (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map_caption      = Map of the Captaincy General of Chile in 1796 and claimed territories
| flag_p1                = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg
| flag_s1                = Flag of Chile (1812-1814).svg
| national_anthem        = ''[[Marcha Real]]''<br/><small>"Royal March"</small><br />((center|[[File:Marcha Real (1915).ogg]]))
| capital                = [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]]
| government_type        = Monarchy
| title_leader           = [[List of Spanish monarchs|King]]
| leader1                = [[Charles I of Spain|Charles I]]
| year_leader1           = 1541–1556
| leader2                = [[Joseph Bonaparte|Joseph I]]
| year_leader2           = 1808–1810
| leader3                = [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]]
| year_leader3           = 1814–1818
| title_representative   = [[Royal Governor of Chile|Royal Governor]]
| representative1        = [[Pedro de Valdivia]]
| year_representative1   = 1541–1553
| representative2        = [[Francisco Antonio García Carrasco|Francisco García Carrasco]]
| year_representative3   = 1815–1818
| representative3        = [[Casimiro Marcó del Pont]]
| year_representative2   = 1808-1810
| currency               = [[Spanish colonial real|Spanish Real]]
| common_languages       = [[Castilian Spanish]] (official)<br>[[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Indigenous languages]] ([[Quechuan languages]], [[Aymara language|Aymara]], [[Mapudungun]], [[Kawésqar language|Kawésqar]], [[Yaghan language|Yaghan]])
| demonym                = 
| area_km2               = 
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| HDI                    = 
| HDI_year               = 
| today                  = 
))
The '''General Captaincy of Chile''' (''Capitanía General de Chile'' ((IPA-es|kapitaˈni.a xeneˈɾal de ˈtʃile|))), '''Governorate of Chile''', or '''Kingdom of Chile''',<ref>((cite web | url=http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-3352.html | title=Descripción Histórico-Geográfica del Reino de Chile - Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile ))</ref> was a territory of  the [[Spanish Empire]]  from 1541 to 1818 that was, initially, part of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]]. It comprised most of modern-day [[Chile]] and southern parts of [[Argentina]] in the [[Patagonia]] region. Its capital was [[Santiago de Chile]]. In 1810 it declared itself independent, with the Spanish [[Reconquest (Chile)|reconquering]] the territory in 1814, but in 1818 it gained independence as the [[Chile|Republic of Chile]]. It had a number of [[Royal Governor of Chile|Spanish governors]] over its long history and several [[Monarch|kings]].

==Name==
The Captaincy General of Chile was incorporated to the [[Crown of Castile]] as were all the other Spanish possessions in the [[New World]]. The Captaincy General of Chile was first known as '''New Extremadura''' (a name subsequently given to a part of Mexico) and then as '''Indian [[Spanish Flanders|Flanders]]'''.
[[File:Historica relación Reino Chile 0015.jpg|alt=Kingdom of Chile Alonso de Ovalle, year 1603-1651.|left|thumb|Kingdom of Chile]]
Benjamin Vicuna Mackena noted that Chile has always been officially and unofficially the Kingdom of Chile.<ref>[http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0053257.pdf ¿Por qué se Illamó “Reino” a Chile?]</ref> In the XVI century Pedro Marino de Lobera, “Corregidor de Valdivia”, 1575 wrote the Chronicles of the Kingdom of Chile.<ref>((cite web | url=http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-8176.html | title=Crónica del reino de Chile - Memoria Chilena ))</ref> Other publications of the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries confirm the name and/or status of what is known as the Kingdom.<ref>[http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054412.pdf The Grand Araucanian Wars (1541-1883) In The Kingdom Of Chile]</ref> However, although the status of kingdom was officially used and recognised in Court the jurisdiction of the kingdom was still under Spanish control for most of its existence, later it became a republic.<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.cristiancofre.cl/post/el-reino-de-chile | title=El Reino de Chile | newspaper=Genealogía y Pueblos | date=10 October 2020 ))</ref>

The administrative apparatus of the Captaincy General of Chile was subordinate to the [[Council of the Indies]] and the [[Laws of the Indies]], like the other Spanish colonial possessions. The day-to-day work was handled mostly by [[viceroy]]s and governors, who represented the king in the overseas territories. The areas of the [[Americas]], which had been the site of complex civilizations or became rich societies were usually referred to by the Spanish as "kingdoms".

==History==
===Exploration and conquest===
((Main|Conquest of Chile))
In 1536 [[Diego de Almagro]] formed the first expedition to explore the territories to the south of the [[Inca Empire]], which had been granted to him as the Governorship of New Toledo. After Almargo's death, [[Pedro de Valdivia]] solicited and was granted in 1539 the right to explore and conquer the area with [[Francisco Pizarro]]'s approval. Valdivia founded the city of [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago del Nuevo Extremo]] and a few months later its ''[[Cabildo (council)|cabildo]]'' (municipal council) appointed him governor and [[Captaincy|Captain General]] of New Extremadura on June 11, 1541. Other cities founded during Valdivia's administration were [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] in 1550, [[La Imperial, Chile|La Imperial]] in 1551, [[Villarrica, Chile|Santa María Magdalena de Villa Rica]] and [[Valdivia, Chile|Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia]] in 1552, and the following year [[Angol|Los Confines]] and [[Santiago del Estero]] on the eastern side of the [[Andes]]. In 1553 Valdivia also founded a series of forts for protection of the settled areas: [[Arauco, Chile|San Felipe de Araucan]], [[Purén|San Juan Bautista de Purén]] and [[Tucapel|San Diego de Tucapel]]. After Valdivia's death that same year, these last forts, Villarica and Concepcion were lost.  they were recovered following the war with [[Lautaro]] and [[Caupolicán]].  Following the defeat of the Mapuche by [[García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete|García Hurtado de Mendoza]], settlements continued to grow and more cities were founded: [[Cañete, Chile|Cañete de la Frontera]] on the site of the former Fort San Diego de Tucapel and [[Osorno, Chile|Villa de San Mateo de Osorno]] in 1558, [[Angol|San Andrés de Angol]] in 1560, [[Mendoza, Argentina|Ciudad de Mendoza del Nuevo Valle de La Rioja]] in 1561, [[San Luis, Argentina|San Luis de Loyola Nueva Medina de Rioseco]] and [[San Juan, Argentina|San Juan de la Frontera]] in 1562, and [[Castro, Chile|Santiago de Castro]] in 1567.  [[Martín García Óñez de Loyola]] founded a last city south of the Bio Bio River, [[Santa Cruz de Coya]], in 1595.

===Collapse of southern Chile===
[[File:Guerra Arauco.jpg|thumb|200px|Illustration of the [[Arauco War]] in [[Jerónimo de Vivar]]'s book ''Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los reynos de Chile'' (1558).]]
((main|Destruction of Seven Cities))
A [[Mapuche]] revolt was triggered following the news of the [[battle of Curalaba]] on the 23 of December 1598, where the vice [[toqui]] [[Pelantaru]] and his lieutenants [[Anganamon]] and Guaiquimilla with three hundred men ambushed and killed the Spanish governor Martín García Óñez de Loyola and nearly all his companions.

Over the next few years the Mapuche were able to destroy or force the abandonment of seven Spanish cities in Mapuche territory: [[Santa Cruz de Coya]] (1599), [[Valdivia, Chile|Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia]] (1599), [[Angol|San Andrés de Los Infantes]] (1599), [[La Imperial, Chile|La Imperial]] (1600), [[Villarrica, Chile|Santa María Magdalena de Villa Rica]] (1602), [[Osorno, Chile|San Mateo de Osorno]] (1602), and [[Arauco, Chile|San Felipe de Araucan]] (1604).

===17th century: Consolidation of the kingdom===
((Expand section|date=April 2011))
In the 17th century, the Spanish overseas territory of Chile saw a rearrangement of its population center. While in the 16th century, most of the cities founded by the Spanish were located from [[Biobío River|Bio-Bio]] southward, with only Santiago, La Serena and some transandine cities located north of it, in the 17th century, Spanish authority and settlements were abandoned down south of Bío-Bío Region. The kingdom went from being a gold exporter with potential for expanding to the [[Strait of Magellan]] to being one of the Spanish Empire's most problematic and poor in natural resources. The Spanish Empire had to divert silver from [[Potosí]] to finance a standing army in Chile to fight in the [[Arauco War]]. Since the raids of [[Francis Drake]] in Chilean waters more seaborne assaults followed in the 17th century, mostly from [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[Privateer|corsairs]]. The Spanish Empire's attempts to block the entrance to the [[Pacific Ocean]] by fortifying the Straits of Magellan were abandoned after the discovery of [[Drake's Passage|Hoces Sea]], focusing then on fortifying the coastal cities of Chile, a tactic that later was proven to be more affordable and effective in combating piracy while keeping the area under Spanish rule.

===18th century: Reforms and development===
((Expand section|date=April 2011))
[[File:Captaincy General of Chile, 1775.svg|thumb|left|Territory legally belonging (with or without effective control) to the Captaincy General or Kingdom of Chile in 1775 according to Chilean historiography. The next year the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] was created and the territorios of the cities of [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] and [[San Juan, Argentina|San Juan]] were transferred from Chile to the new entity.<ref name=Eyzaguirre>((cite book |author1=Eyzaguirre, Jaime |title=Breve historia de las fronteras de Chile |date=1967 |publisher=Editorial Universitaria))</ref><ref name=LagosCarmona>((cite book |last1=Lagos Carmona |first1=Guillermo |title=Los Títulos Históricos: Historia de Las Fronteras de Chile |date=1985 |publisher=Andrés Bello |quote=(p. 197) We note that the Loa river is at 22 degrees and that Baleato, in 1793, indicated 21.5 degrees for the beginning of the Kingdom of Chile, with the Loa at its mouth in the Pacific. (...) (p. 540) According to the Map of Cano y Olmedilla, the limit of the Kingdom of Chile "(...) through the desert of Atacama (...) From here it turns to the S., S.E., S.E., and S., keeping in general this last course until near the 29° parallel, from where it takes a S.E. direction. SE. and S., generally keeping this last course until the vicinity of the 29° parallel, from where it takes a S.E. direction, skirting to the east the 'Province of Cuyo' which, of course, appears to be included in the territory of the Kingdom of Chile. In the latitude of 32°30' the line turns to the S.W. until reaching the Quinto river, which, as the legend says 'communicates by channels with the Saladillo in time of floods'. It follows the river down to the meridian 316°, counting to the E. of Tenerife, where it turns a stretch until it reaches the Hueuque-Leuvu river (or Barrancas river) at 371/2° latitude. From here it runs along the river for a stretch to the S.E., and then turns to the E. and falls into the Atlantic Sea in the vicinity of parallel 37° between Cape Lobos and Cape Corrientes", "a little north of the current Mar del Plata". (...) (p. 543) In this document it is seen that those of the province of Cuyo end to the south at the source of the Diamante River, and that from that point to the east, the dividing line goes to the point where the Quinto River crosses the road that goes from Santiago to Buenos Aires.))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1=Amunátegui |first1=Miguel Luis |title=Títulos de la República de Chile a la soberanía i dominio de la Estremidad |date=1985 |url=https://libros.uchile.cl/files/presses/1/monographs/128/submission/proof/36/))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1=Morla Vicuña |first1=Carlos |title=Estudio histórico sobre el descubrimiento y conquista de la Patagonia y de la Tierra del Fuego |publisher=F. A. Brockhaus |location=Leipzig |date=1903))</ref>]]

==Political history==
((History of Chile))
((See also|Army of Arauco))
As noted, the area had been designated a [[Governorate|governorship]] (''gobernación'') during the initial exploration and settlement of the area, but because the local Amerindian peoples demonstrated fierce resistance, a more autonomous, military-based governmental authority was needed. Thus, the governor was given command of the local military and the title of [[Captain General|captain general]]. This arrangement was seen in many places of the Spanish Empire.

The greatest setback the Spanish settlements suffered was the [[Disaster of Curalaba]] in 1598, which nearly wiped them out. All cities south of the [[Biobío River]] with the exception of Castro were destroyed. The river became ''[[La Frontera (geographical region)|La Frontera]]'' the de facto border between Spanish and Native areas for the next century. (''See [[Arauco War]]''.)

Chile lost an important part of its territory with the [[Bourbon Reforms|Bourbon reforms]] of [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]], the territories of the city of [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] and [[San Juan, Argentina|San Juan]] from the [[Cuyo, Argentina|province of Cuyo]] were transferred to the domain of the newly created [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] in 1776.<ref name=Eyzaguirre/><ref name=LagosCarmona/> Chile gained two [[Intendant|intendancies]], [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]] and [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] in 1786 and became a Bourbon-style [[Captaincy|Captaincy General]] in 1789.

==Society==
===Societal groups===
[[File:Baile del Santiago antiguo.jpg|thumb|300px|"''Baile del Santiago antiguo''" by [[Pedro Subercaseaux]]. Chile's colonial high society were made up by landowners and government officials.]]
The Chilean colonial society was based on a [[caste system]]. The [[Criollo people|Criollo]]s (American born Spaniards) enjoyed privileges like the [[ownership]] of [[encomienda]]s (Indian labor jurisdictions) and were allowed limited access to government and administrative positions such as [[Corregidor (position)|corregidor]] or [[alférez]]. [[Mestizo]]s made up initially a small group, but with time grew to become a majority in Chilean society becoming more numerous than native indigenous peoples.<ref name=villalobos>((Cite book <!-- Citation for entire book is at ((Cite isbn|978956111163)) -->
 | isbn         = 978-956-11-1163-9
 | lccn         = 75527429
 | title        = Historia de Chile
 | language     = es
 | trans-title  = History of Chile
 | last1        = 
 | first1       = 
 | editor-last1  = Villalobos R.
 | editor-first1 = Sergio
 | editor-link1  = Sergio Villalobos
 | editor-last2  = Silva G.
 | editor-first2 = Osvaldo
 | editor-link2  = Osvaldo Silva
 | editor-last3  = Silva V.
 | editor-first3 = Fernando
 | editor-last4  = Patricio
 | editor-first4 = Estelle M.
 | year         = 1974
 | publisher    = [[Editorial Universitaria]]
 | location     = [[Santiago de Chile]]
 | edition      = 14th
 | chapter      = 
 | trans-chapter = 
 | oclc         = 1259676
))</ref> Mestizos were not a homogeneous group and were judged more by appearance and education than by actual ancestry.<ref name=villalobos/> Native peoples experienced the most discrimination among societal groups in colonial Chile; many of them were used as cheap labor in encomienda, causing their numbers to decrease over time due to [[disease]]. [[Pehuenche]]s, [[Huilliche]]s and Mapuches living south of [[La Frontera, Chile|La Frontera]] were not part of the colonial society since they were outside the ''[[de facto]]'' borders of Chile. Black slaves made up a minority of the population in colonial Chile and had a special status due to their high cost of import and maintenance.<ref name=villalobos/> Black slaves were often used as [[housekeeper (domestic worker)|housekeepers]] and other posts of confidence.<ref name=villalobos/> Peninsulares, Spaniards born in Spain, were a rather small group in late colonial times, some of them came as government officials and some other as merchants. Their role in high government positions in Chile led to resentment among local criollos.<ref name=villalobos/> Mixing of different groups was not uncommon although [[marriage]] between members of the different groups was rare.

During late colonial times new migration pulses took off leading to large numbers of [[Basque people]] settling in Chile mingling with landowning criollos, forming a [[Castilian-Basque aristocracy|new upper class]].<ref name=villalobos/> Scholar Louis Thayer Ojeda estimates that during the 17th and 18th centuries fully 45% of all immigrants in [[History of Chile|Chile]] were Basques.<ref>William A. Douglass, Jon Bilbao (2005). "''Amerikanuak: Basques in the New World''". [[University of Nevada Press]]. p.81. ((ISBN|0-87417-625-5))</ref>

===Sex and marriage===
Native indigenous peoples in colonial society appeared, to the average Catholic Spaniard, to be somewhat liberal in their approach to sexual relationships.<ref name=privada>''Historia de la vida privada en Chile. El Chile tradicional. De la conquista a 1840.'' 2005. Aguilar Chilena de Ediciones S.A. pp. 53-63.</ref>

16th century Spaniards are known to have been pessimistic about marriage.<ref name=privada/> Many of the initial [[conquistador]]es left their own families behind in Spain and started new relationships in Chile.<ref name=privada/> Examples of this is [[Pedro de Valdivia]] who held [[Inés de Suárez]] as a common law wife while in Chile.<ref name=privada/> Adultery was explicitly forbidden for Catholics and the [[Council of Trent]] (1545–1563) made the climate prone for accusations of adultery.<ref name=privada/> Over the course of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries marital fidelity increased in Chile.<ref name=privada/>

== Chilean Antarctica in colonial times ==

[[File:OrteliusWorldMap.jpeg|thumb|left|250px|World Map by Abraham Ortelius (1570), where appears the ''Terra Australis Incognita''.]]
((Main|Chilean Antarctic Territory|Governorate of Terra Australis))
For many years, cartographers and European explorers speculated about the existence of the ''[[Terra Australis|Terra Australis Incognita]]'', a vast territory located in the south of the [[Strait of Magellan]] and [[Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego|Tierra del Fuego]] and reached the [[South Pole]].

The [[Treaty of Tordesillas]], signed on June 7  of 1494, set the areas of influence of [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]], west and east, respectively, of a line running from pole to pole that was never demarcated (at 46° 37 'W in the Spanish classical interpretation, and further west, according to the Portuguese interpretation), so the Antarctic areas claimed by Chile today, while still unknown at that time, fell within the control of Spain. The treaty, backed by the papal bull ''Ea quae pro bono pacis'' in 1506 was made mandatory for all Catholic countries, was not recognized by European non-Catholic states and even by some that were, like [[France]]. For [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]], [[Russia]] and other countries, the Antarctic areas were considered ''[[res nullius]]'', a no man's land not subject to the occupation of any nation.

In 1534, The Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] divided in three governorates the South American territory :
* [[Governorate of New Castile|New Castile]] or [[Peru]] to [[Francisco Pizarro]],
* [[Governorate of New Toledo|New Toledo]] or [[Chile]] to [[Diego de Almagro]] and
* [[Governorate of New León|New León]] or Magellanic Lands for ((ill|Simón de Alcazaba y Sotomayor|es)), which was subsequently extended to the Straits of Magellan.

In 1539, a new governorate was formed south of New León called ''[[Governorate of Terra Australis|Terra Australis]]'' to [[Pedro Sanchez de la Hoz]]. In 1554, the conqueror [[Pedro de Valdivia]], who led the Governorate of Chile, he talked to the [[Council of the Indies]] to give the rights of New León and the ''Terra Australis'' to [[Jeronimo de Alderete]], which, after the death of Valdivia the following year, became governor of Chile and annexed the Chilean colonial territory.

Proof of this are numerous historical documents, among which include a Royal Decree of 1554:
 
((blockquote|''Because it was personally consulted, we will grant, to the Captain Jeronimo de Alderete the land across the Magellan Strait''))

Later, in 1558, the Royal Decree of [[Brussels]] it prompted the Chilean colonial government to ''take ownership in our name from the lands and provinces that fall in the demarcation of the Spanish crown'' in Referring to the land ''across the Strait'', because at that time it was thought that [[Tierra del Fuego]] was an integral part of the ''Terra Australis''.

One of the most important works of Spanish literature, the [[Epic poetry|epic poem]] ''[[La Araucana]]'' by [[Alonso de Ercilla]] (1569), is also considered by Chile as favorable to their argument, as you can read in the seventh stanza of his Canto I:

((blockquote|Is Chile North South very long,<br />new sea coast of the south called;<br />will from East to West of wide<br />one hundred miles, so wider taken,<br />under the Antarctic Pole height<br />twenty-seven degrees,<br />prolonged until the sea Ocean and Chilean<br />mix their waters within narrow.))

In the fourth stanza of his Canto III:

((Blockquote|This was the one who found the sections<br />Indians of Antarctic regions.))

There are also stories and maps, both Chilean and Europeans, indicating the membership of the ''Terra Australis'' Antarctica as part of the Captaincy General of Chile.

The Spanish navigator [[Gabriel de Castilla]] sailed from [[Valparaiso]] in March 1603 in command of three ships in an expedition entrusted by his brother cousin [[List of Viceroys of Peru|viceroy of Peru]], [[Luis de Velasco, marqués de Salinas|Luis de Velasco y Castilla]], to repress the incursions of Dutch privateers in the Southern Seas, reaching 64 degrees south latitude. There have not founded in the Spanish archives documents confirming the reached latitude and sighted land; however, the story of the Dutch sailor Laurenz Claesz (is a testimony dateless, but probably after 1607), documents the latitude and time. Claesz said:

((blockquote|Sailed under the Admiral don Gabriel of Castile with three ships along the coasts of Chile towards Valparaiso, and from there to the strait. In March of 1603 he reached 64 degrees and they had a lot of snow there. In the following April they returned back to the coast of Chile))

Another Dutch document, published in [[Amsterdam]] in three languages in 1622, says that at 64°S there are "very high and mountainous, snow cover, like the country of Norway, all white, land It seemed to extend to the Solomon Islands" This confirms a previous sighting of the lands would be the [[South Shetland Islands]].

Other historians attribute the first sighting of Antarctic land to the Dutch marine [[Dirck Gerritsz Pomp|Dirk Gerritsz]], which would have found the islands now known as South Shetland. According to his account, his ship was diverted from course by a storm after transposing the [[Strait of Magellan]], in the journey of a Dutch expedition to the [[Indies|East Indies]] in 1599. There are doubts about the veracity of Gerritsz.

At this time was already known the existence of a white continent in south of the [[Drake Passage]], separated from the [[Tierra del Fuego]]. In 1772, the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[James Cook]] circumnavigated the waters of the [[Southern Ocean]].<ref name=Oscar>((cite book |author1=Pinochet de la Barra, Óscar |title=La Antártica Chilena |date=November 1944 |publisher=Editorial Andrés Bello |language=es ))</ref> which was granted to [[Pedro Sancho de la Hoz]]<ref>((cite web |author1=Calamari, Andrea |title=El conjurado que gobernó la Antártida |url=https://www.jotdown.es/2022/06/el-conjurado-que-goberno-la-antartida/ |publisher=Jot Down |language=es |date=June 2022))</ref><ref>((cite web |author1=Mancilla González, Pablo |title=Antecedentes históricos sobre el Territorio Antártico Chileno conocidos hacia la década de 1950 |url=http://repositorioantartica.umag.cl/handle/20.500.11894/209 |publisher=Repositorio Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes |access-date=25 August 2022 |location=[[Punta Arenas]] |language=es |date=July 1, 2011))</ref><ref>((cite book |author1=Francisco Orrego Vicuña; Augusto Salinas Araya |title=Desarrollo de la Antártica |date=1977 |publisher=Instituto de Estudios Internacionales, Universidad de Chile; Editorial Universitaria. |location=[[Santiago de Chile]] |url=https://libros.uchile.cl/files/presses/1/monographs/328/submission/proof/38/ |language=es ))</ref>

==Economy==
((Further|Economic history of Chile))
((Expand section|date=April 2011))

==See also==
*[[Real Audiencia of Concepción]]
*[[Royal Governor of Chile]]
*[[Spanish immigration to Chile]]
*[[Chilean Antarctic Territory#Chilean Antarctica in colonial times|Chilean Antarctica in colonial times]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((commons category|Colonial Chile))

((Clear))
((Spanish Empire))
((Chile topics))

((DEFAULTSORT:Captaincy General Of Chile))
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