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Conscious breathing is an umbrella term for methods that direct awareness to the breath. These methods may have the goal of improving breathing, or the primary goal can be to build mindfulness. Human respiration is controlled consciously or unconsciously.

Training methods

Applications

Meditation

Vipassana Meditation focuses on breathing in and around the nose to calm the mind (anapanasati).[4]

In psychology and psychotherapy

In psychology, "Integrative Breathing" combines specific benefits of various schools of conscious breathing according to the needs of clients.[5][6] Research considers drug abuse disorders,[7] post traumatic stress disorder,[8] alcoholism and smoking.[9]

New Age breathwork

Several forms of breathwork developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s are considered New Age practices. Holotropic Breathwork was developed by Stanislav Grof in the 1960s. It uses deepened breathing to allow access to non-ordinary states of consciousness.[10] Rebirthing-breathwork was developed by Leonard Orr in the 1970s. It uses conscious breathing to purge repressed birth memories and traumatic childhood memories.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ehrmann, Wilfried (2017). Coherent Breathing Aligning Breath and Heart. tao.de. Bielefeld. ISBN 978-3-96051-539-5. OCLC 974494732.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ "Learn this simple breathing technique to calm your mind in minutes". The Independent. 2018-03-16. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
  3. ^ Alderman, Lesley (2016-11-09). "Breathe. Exhale. Repeat: The Benefits of Controlled Breathing". The New York Times. Global Internet. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
  4. ^ Hart, William (1987). The art of living : Vipassana meditation as taught by S.N. Goenka (1st ed.). San Francisco: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-1-928706-73-1. OCLC 778448192.
  5. ^ Ehrmann, Wilfried (2004). Handbuch der Atemtherapie. Ahlerstedt. ISBN 978-3-88755-050-9. OCLC 238421972.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ Platteel-Deur, Tilke (2014). The Art of Integrative Therapy Healing the Past on a Soul Level. München. ISBN 978-3-7368-1993-1. OCLC 946133875.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Brewerton, Timothy D.; Eyerman, James E.; Cappetta, Pamela; Mithoefer, Michael C. (2011). "Long-Term Abstinence Following Holotropic Breathwork as Adjunctive Treatment of Substance Use Disorders and Related Psychiatric Comorbidity". International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 10 (3): 453–459. doi:10.1007/s11469-011-9352-3. S2CID 32003053.
  8. ^ Descilo, T; Vedamurtachar, A; Gerbarg, PL; Nagaraja, D; Gangadhar, BN; Damodaran, B; Adelson, B; Braslow, LH; Marcus, S; Brown, RP (2010). "Effects of a yoga breath intervention alone and in combination with an exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of the 2004 South-East Asia tsunami". Acta Psychiatr Scand. 121 (4): 289–300. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01466.x. PMID 19694633. S2CID 6209543.
  9. ^ McClernon, F.Joseph; Westman, Eric C.; Rose, Jed E. (2004-06-01). "The effects of controlled deep breathing on smoking withdrawal symptoms in dependent smokers". Addictive Behaviors. 29 (4): 765–772. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.005. ISSN 0306-4603. PMID 15135559.
  10. ^ Grof, Stanislav (2010). Holotropic breathwork : a new approach to self-exploration and therapy. Christina Grof. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4416-6961-2. OCLC 658062355.
  11. ^ Orr, Leonard (2007). Rebirthing in the new age. Sondra Ray (3rd ed.). Victoria, B.C.: Trafford. ISBN 978-1-4251-1416-9. OCLC 191934795.
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