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((Short description|Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople since 1991))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2023))
((Infobox Christian leader
| type = archbishop
| honorific-prefix = [[His All Holiness]]
| name = Bartholomew
| honorific-suffix = 
| patriarch_of = [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Archbishop of Constantinople-New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch]]
| image = Патриарх Варфоломей (cropped).jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Bartholomew in 2023
| enthroned = 2 November 1991
| ended = 
| province = 
| diocese = [[Constantinople]]
| see = [[Istanbul]]
| church = [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]
| predecessor = [[Demetrios I of Constantinople|Demetrios I]]
| successor = 
| other_pos = <!---------- Orders ---------->
| ordination = 19 October 1969
| ordained_by = 
| consecration = 25 December 1973
| consecrated_by = |<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name = Dimitrios Arhondonis (((lang|el|Δημήτριος Αρχοντώνης)), ''Dimítrios Archontónis'')
| birth_date = ((birth date and age|1940|2|29|df=y))
| birth_place = Agioi Theodoroi ([[Zeytinliköy, Gökçeada|Zeytinliköy]]), [[Imbros]] (Gökçeada), Turkey
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| buried = 
| religion = [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]]
| residence = [[Fener]], [[Istanbul]], Turkey
| parents = ((Ubl
  | Chrḗstos Archontṓnēs (father)
  | Merópē Archontṓnēs (mother)
  ))
| alma_mater = [[Halki seminary|Patriarchal Theological School (Halki seminary)]]
| signature = Bartholomew I of Constantinople signature.png
| coat_of_arms = Emblem of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew I.svg
| nationality = Turkish
))
((Infobox manner of address
| background  = plum
| name        = Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople
| image       = 
| reference   = [[His All Holiness]]
| spoken      = [[Your All Holiness]]
| religious   = [[Ecumenical Patriarch]]
| posthumous  = N/A
))
'''Bartholomew''' (((lang-el|Βαρθολομαῖος)), ((Italics correction|''Bartholomaĩos'')); ((lang-tr|Bartholomeos)); born 29 February 1940) is the 270th [[Archbishop of Constantinople]] and [[Ecumenical Patriarch]], since 2 November 1991.<ref>John Meyendorff, John Chapin, Nicolas Lossky(1981), ''The Orthodox Church: its past and its role in the world today'', Crestwood, N.Y. : St Vladimir's Seminary Press, p.132 ((ISBN|0-913836-81-8))</ref> In accordance with his title, he is regarded as the ''[[primus inter pares]]'' (first among equals) in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], and as a spiritual leader of the Eastern Orthodox Christians worldwide.((efn|See:<ref name="Fitzgerald1998">((Cite book|first=Thomas E.|last=Fitzgerald|title=The Orthodox Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_F5yntZocGIC&pg=PA117|year=1998|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96438-2|page=117|quote=THE VISIT OF THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCH Ecumenical Patriarch Dimitrios I of Constantinople, together with a delegation that included five Metropolitans made an unprecedented visit to the United States 2–29 July 1990. Among the delegation was the present patriarch, Patriarch Bartholomew, who succeeded Patriarch Dimitrios in 1991. Although other Orthodox Patriarchs had visited this country in the past, this was the first visit of the Ecumenical Patriarch. His visit had a special significance because he is viewed as the first bishop of the Orthodox Church. As such, the Ecumenical Patriarch is frequently looked upon as the spiritual leader of the 300 million Orthodox Christians throughout the world))</ref><ref name="HoltMuldoon2008">((Cite book|first1=Andrew P.|last1=Holt|first2=James|last2=Muldoon|title=Competing Voices from the Crusades|url=https://archive.org/details/competingvoicesf00andr|url-access=registration|year=2008|publisher=Greenwood World Pub.|isbn=978-1-84645-011-2|page=xiv|quote=...one made during a visit to Greece in 2001 for the crusaders' sack of Constantinople in 1204. Three years later, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, the spiritual leader of the world's 300 million Orthodox Christians, finally accepted the Pope's ))</ref><ref>((Cite book|title=Eastern Churches Journal: A Journal of Eastern Christendom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOAkAQAAIAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Society of Saint John Chrysostom|page=181|quote=His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew is the 270th successor to the Apostle Andrew and spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide. ))</ref><ref name="Stewart2013">((Cite book|first=Dona J.|last=Stewart|title=The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYE2eOEmwmkC&pg=PA71|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-78243-2|page=71|quote=Bartholomew I, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide.))</ref><ref name="El-AnsaryLinnan2010">((Cite book|author1=W. El-Ansary|author2=D. Linnan|title=Muslim and Christian Understanding: Theory and Application of "A Common Word"|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bi4WDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|date=26 November 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-11440-1|page=82|quote=Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew is the 270th Archbishop to the 2,000-year-old Church of Constantinople (Istanbul), "first among equals" of Orthodox bishops worldwide, and spiritual leader to 300 million faithful.))</ref><ref>((Cite book|title=Jewish Political Studies Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrBtAAAAMAAJ&q=Bartholomew+I+of+Constantinople+spiritual+leader+300+million|year=2001|publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|page=8|quote=Bartholomew I, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, the spiritual leader of an estimated 300 million Orthodox Christians around the ..))</ref><ref name="MooreNelson2011">((Cite book|first1=Kathleen Dean|last1=Moore|first2=Michael P.|last2=Nelson|title=Moral Ground: Ethical Action for a Planet in Peril|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkLpCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA133|date=15 April 2011|publisher=Trinity University Press|isbn=978-1-59534-105-1|page=133|quote=Bartholomew I, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide.))</ref><ref>((Cite book|title=The Living Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jTiAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA8|year=1997|publisher= [[The Living Church]] by Morehouse-Gorham Company|page=3|quote=the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Bartholomew I, is now touring 14 cities on his first visit to the United States. The 57-year-old leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians wore a gold and crimson mandya with train and tinkling bells ))</ref><ref name="MarshallKeough2005">((Cite book|first1=Katherine|last1=Marshall|first2=Lucy|last2=Keough|title=Finding Global Balance: Common Ground Between the Worlds of Development and Faith|url=https://archive.org/details/findingglobalbal0000mars|url-access=registration|year=2005|publisher=World Bank Publications|isbn=978-0-8213-6247-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/findingglobalbal0000mars/page/119 119]|quote=Bartholomew I, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide.))</ref><ref name="BassettProgramme2000">((Cite book|first1=Libby|last1=Bassett|author2=United Nations Environment Programme|title=Earth and Faith: A Book of Reflection for Action|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlvWLpWJ7vAC&pg=PA16|year=2000|publisher=UNEP/Earthprint|isbn=978-92-807-1915-4|page=16|quote=Bartholomew I, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide.))</ref><ref name=aboutWeb>((Cite web |last1=Fairchild |first1=Mary |title=Christianity:Basics:Eastern Orthodox Church Denomination |publisher=about.com |url=http://christianity.about.com/od/easternorthodoxy/p/orthodoxprofile.htm |access-date=22 May 2014 |ref=none |archive-date=5 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605234938/http://christianity.about.com/od/easternorthodoxy/p/orthodoxprofile.htm |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref name="Taylor2008">((Cite book|first=Bron|last=Taylor|title=Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4mvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA158|date=10 June 2008|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-2278-0|page=158|quote=The spiritual leader of the over 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew – who has widely ...))</ref><ref name="The Patriarch Bartholomew">((Cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6001717n|title=The Patriarch Bartholomew|date=20 December 2009|work=[[60 Minutes]]|publisher=[[CBS]]|access-date=11 January 2010))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6001717n|title=Quick facts about the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|quote="His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew serves as the spiritual leader and representative worldwide voice of some 300 million Orthodox Christians throughout the world"|publisher=Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|access-date=18 June 2011))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.patriarchate.org/biography |title=Biography – The Ecumenical Patriarchate |website=Patriarchate.org |access-date=25 February 2017))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/30/pope-francis-ecumenical-patriarch-bartholomew-_n_6243414.html|title=Pope Francis Bows, Asks For Blessing From Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew In Extraordinary Display Of Christian Unity|website=[[HuffPost]] |date=1 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201161503/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/30/pope-francis-ecumenical-patriarch-bartholomew-_n_6243414.html|access-date=29 January 2021|archive-date=1 December 2014))</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.apostolicpilgrimage.org/who-is-the-ecumenical-patriarch- |title=Who is the Ecumenical Patriarch? – Apostolic Pilgrimage of Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to Jerusalem |website=Apostolicpilgrimage.org |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113031850/https://www.apostolicpilgrimage.org/who-is-the-ecumenical-patriarch- |url-status=dead ))</ref>))

Bartholomew was born as '''Dimitrios Arhondonis''' (((lang-el|Δημήτριος Αρχοντώνης)), ''Dimítrios Archontónis''), in the village of [[Zeytinliköy, Gökçeada|Agios Theodoros]] (officially called Zeytinliköy) on the island of [[Imbros]] (later renamed Gökçeada by the Turkish government). After his graduation, he held a position at the [[Halki seminary|Patriarchal Theological Seminary of Halki]], where he was ordained a priest. Later, he served as metropolitan of Philadelphia and Chalcedon and he became a member of the [[Holy Synod]] as well as other committees, prior to his enthronement as ecumenical patriarch.

Bartholomew's tenure has been characterized by intra-Orthodox cooperation, intra-Christian and [[inter-religious dialogue]], such as formal visits to [[Roman Catholic]], [[Old Catholic]], [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Islamabad|Muslim]] leaders previously visited by an ecumenical patriarch. He has exchanged numerous invitations with church and state dignitaries. His efforts to promote [[religious freedom]] and [[human rights]], his initiatives to advance [[religious tolerance]] among the world's religions, as well as his efforts to promote [[ecology]] and the [[environmental protection|protection of the environment]], have been widely noted, and these endeavors have earned him the title "The Green Patriarch".<ref>((Cite news|first=Marlise |last=Simons |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/04/science/bartholomew-i-of-constantinoples-bold-green-stance.html |title=Bartholomew I of Constantinople's Bold Green Stance – The New York Times |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 December 2012 |access-date=25 February 2017))</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.apostolicpilgrimage.org/the-green-patriarch |title=The Green Patriarch – Apostolic Pilgrimage of Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to Jerusalem |website=Apostolicpilgrimage.org |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115092351/https://www.apostolicpilgrimage.org/the-green-patriarch |url-status=dead ))</ref> Among his many international positions, he currently sits on the Board of World Religious Leaders for the [[Elijah Interfaith Institute]].<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.elijah-interfaith.org/?id=730 |title=Elijah Interfaith – Sharing Wisdom Fostering Peace |website=Elijah-interfaith.org |access-date=25 February 2017))</ref> In 2018 the [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [[2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism|broke communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate]] as a result of disputes over his decision to grant [[autocephaly]] to the [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]].<ref>((Cite web|date=16 October 2018|title=Russian Orthodox Church breaks "Eucharistic communion" with Patriarcate of Constantinople - Vatican News|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/world/news/2018-10/russian-orthodox-break-communion-with-ecumenical-patriarch.html|access-date=16 November 2020|website=www.vaticannews.va|language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite news|last=MacFarquhar|first=Neil|date=15 October 2018|title=Russia Takes Further Step Toward Major Schism in Orthodox Church (Published 2018)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/world/europe/russia-orthodox-church.html|access-date=16 November 2020|issn=0362-4331))</ref>

==Early life and background==
Dimitrios Arhondonis was born in the village of [[Zeytinliköy, Gökçeada|Agioi Theodoroi]] on the island of [[Imbros]] (now Gökçeada, Turkey), son of Christos and Meropi Archodónis (née Skarlatos), both of [[Greeks|Greek]] descent. He was the fourth and last child and as a boy helped his father in his coffee shop that also doubled as a barber's.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.gr/ellada/story/279377/patriarxis-vartholomaios-paralogo-kai-adiko-na-fovoyntai-kapoioi-na-kanoyn-to-emvolio |title=Πατριάρχης Βαρθολομαίος: Παράλογο και άδικο να φοβούνται κάποιοι να κάνουν το εμβόλιο |website=[[CNN]]|date=28 August 2021))</ref>

Bartholomew was the target of an assassination plot which was planned to take place on 29 May 2013. One suspect was arrested and there is an ongoing search for two others.<ref name="Kaya">((Cite news|last=Kaya|first=Bayram|date=10 May 2013|title=One arrested as plot to assassinate Patriarch Bartholomew uncovered|newspaper=Zaman|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-315022-one-arrested-as-plot-to-assasinate-patriarch-bartholomew-uncovered.html|url-status=dead|access-date=10 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510174058/http://todayszaman.com/news-315022-one-arrested-as-plot-to-assasinate-patriarch-bartholomew-uncovered.html|archive-date=10 May 2013))</ref>

===Ordinations and ecclesiastical appointments===
*13 August 1961, [[Diaconate]] – receiving the [[ecclesiastical]] name Bartholomew
*19 October 1969, [[Priesthood]]
*25 December 1973, The Nativity, [[Episcopacy]] – Metropolitan of Philadelphia ([[Asia Minor]])
*14 January 1990, Enthronement as metropolitan of [[Chalcedon]]
*22 October 1991, Elected 270th archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and [[ecumenical patriarch]]
*2 November 1991, Enthronement in the Patriarchal Cathedral in the [[Phanar]]

==Patriarchate==
As ecumenical patriarch, he has been particularly active internationally. One of his first focuses has been on rebuilding the once-persecuted [[Eastern Orthodox church]]es of the former [[Eastern Bloc]] following the fall of [[Communism]] there in 1990. As part of this effort he has worked to strengthen ties among the various national churches and patriarchates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. He has also continued the reconciliation dialogue with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] started by his predecessors, and initiated dialogue with other faiths, including other [[Christianity|Christian]] Churches, [[Muslims]], and [[Jews]].<ref>'' Patriarch Bartholomew I: Texts and Speeches (1991–1992)'' (1998) George C. Papademetriou; Journal of Ecumenical Studies 35</ref><ref>Recent Patriarchal Encyclicals on Religious Tolerance and Peaceful Coexistence (2002) George C. Papademetriou Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 39</ref>
[[File:President Barack Obama meets with Greek Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I crop.jpg|thumb|United States President [[Barack Obama]] meets with Bartholomew]]
[[File:Pope Franciscus & Patriarch Bartholomew I in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem (1).JPG|thumb|[[Pope Francis]] and Patriarch Bartholomew in the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in [[Jerusalem]]]]

===Environmentalism===
((further|Christian views on environmentalism#Orthodox Churches|Religion and environmentalism))
He has also gained a reputation as a prominent [[environmentalism|environmentalist]], putting the support of the Ecumenical Patriarchate behind various international environmental causes.<ref>((Cite web|last=Sherwood|first=Harriet|date=7 September 2021|title=Christian leaders unite to issue stark warning over climate crisis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/07/christian-leaders-unite-to-issue-stark-warning-over-climate-crisis|url-status=live|access-date=7 September 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907121928/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/07/christian-leaders-unite-to-issue-stark-warning-over-climate-crisis |archive-date=7 September 2021 ))</ref> This has earned him the nicknames of "the Green Patriarch" and "the Green Pope",<ref name="env">''Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew: insights into an Orthodox Christian worldview'' (2007) John Chryssavgis International Journal of Environmental Studies, 64, (1);pp: 9 – 18</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.patriarchate.org/multimedia/video/green-patriarch |title=The Green Patriarch |publisher=Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople |website=Patriarchate.org |date=29 August 2013 |access-date=3 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903074150/http://www.patriarchate.org/multimedia/video/green-patriarch |archive-date=3 September 2013 ))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/04/science/bartholomew-i-of-constantinoples-bold-green-stance.html |title=Orthodox Leader Deepens Progressive Stance on Environment |date=3 December 2012 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://ec-patr.org/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415135950/http://www.patriarchate.org/documents/encyclical-of-his-all-holiness-for-the-church-new-year|title=Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο|access-date=29 January 2021|archive-date=15 April 2013|url-status=live))</ref> and in 2002 he was honored with the [[Sophie Prize]] for his contribution to environmentalism.<ref>((Cite web|title=The Sophie Prize 2002: The Jury's Decision - The Sophie Prize|url=http://www.sofieprisen.no/Articles/175.html|access-date=29 October 2021|website=www.sofieprisen.no))</ref> He has also been honoured with the [[Congressional Gold Medal]],<ref>((Cite web|title=Congressional Gold Medal Recipients ((!)) US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives|url=https://history.house.gov/Institution/Gold-Medal/Gold-Medal-Recipients/|access-date=29 October 2021|website=history.house.gov|language=en))</ref> the highest award which may be bestowed by the [[Legislative Branch]] of the [[United States government]].

===Turkey===
In an interview published on 19 November 2006 in the daily newspaper ''[[Sabah (newspaper)|Sabah]]'', Bartholomew addressed the issues of religious freedom and the then upcoming [[List of pastoral visits of Pope Benedict XVI#2006|papal trip to Turkey]]. He also referred to the closing of the [[Halki seminary]] by saying: "As Turkish citizens, we pay taxes. We serve in the military. We vote. As citizens we do everything. We want the same rights. But it does not happen... If Muslims want to study theology, there are 24 theology faculties. Where are we going to study?" He also addressed the issue of his ecumenical title and it not being accepted by the Turkish government: "We've had this title since the 6th century... The word ecumenical has no political content. [...] This title is the only thing that I insist on. I will never renounce this title."<ref>((Cite web|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2006/11/19/gnd119.html|title=Derin devlet açtırmıyor|access-date=24 May 2007|language=tr))</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/11/19/turkey.pope.ap/index.html |title=Patriarch warns Turks against pope 'incidents' - CNN.com |access-date=19 November 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119154818/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/11/19/turkey.pope.ap/index.html |archive-date=19 November 2006 ))</ref>

===Ecumenical dialogue===
During [[List of pastoral visits of Pope Benedict XVI#2006|his trip to Turkey in November 2006]], [[Pope Benedict XVI]] traveled to Istanbul on the invitation of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew I. The Pope participated in the feast day services of [[St. Andrew]] the First Apostle, the patron saint of the Church of Constantinople. This was the third official visit to the Ecumenical Patriarchate by a [[pope]] (the first being by [[Paul VI]] in 1967, and the second by [[John Paul II]] in 1979). He attended the [[papal inauguration of Pope Francis]] on 19 March 2013, paving the way for better Catholic–Orthodox relations. It was the first time that the spiritual head of Eastern Orthodox Christians had attended a papal inauguration since the [[East–West Schism|Great Schism]] in 1054.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-idUSBRE92D05P20130319 |title=Pope sets tone for humbler papacy, calls for defense of the weak |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924180147/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/19/us-pope-idUSBRE92D05P20130319 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |work=Reuters |date=19 March 2013))</ref><ref>((Cite news |title= Our Eastern Brothers |first= Alton J. |last= Pelowski |journal= Columbia |date= May 2013 |pages= 20–23))</ref> After, he invited Pope Francis to travel with him to the Holy Land in 2014 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the embrace between [[Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople|Patriarch Athenagoras]] and [[Pope Paul VI]]. Pope Francis was also invited to the Patriarchate for the [[Calendar of saints|feast day]] of [[Andrew the Apostle|Saint Andrew]] (30 November).<ref>((Cite news |url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/United-against-economic-crisis-and-worldly-trends,-Bartholomew-and-Francis-to-be-in-Jerusalem-next-year-27450.html |title=United against economic crisis and "worldly trends", Bartholomew and Francis to be in Jerusalem next year |website=AsiaNews.it |date=20 March 2013))</ref>

===Support of refugees, reunification and peace===
On 16 April 2016 he visited, together with [[Pope Francis]] and [[Ieronymos II of Athens|Archbishop Hieronymus]], the [[Moria Refugee Camp]] in the island of [[Lesbos]], to call the attention of the world to the refugee issue.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2016/apr/16/pope-francis-europe-visits-lesbos-in-pictures |title=Pope Francis visits Lesbos |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=16 April 2016))</ref> In December 2018, he visited the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|Korean DMZ]] and prayed for permanent peace and unification on the Korean Peninsula.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20181208049500062?input=1195m |title=Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch hoping that North Korea will give up its nuclear weapons and to bring true peace |date=8 December 2018 |publisher=Yonhap News Agency |access-date=8 December 2018))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.orthodoxkorea.org/his-all-holiness-ecumenical-patriarch-bartholomew-visits-the-dmz/|title=His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew visits the DMZ|last=Lionberger|first=Erik|date=10 December 2018|website=한국정교회 대교구(Orthodox Metropolis of Korea)|language=en-US|access-date=25 January 2019))</ref>

===Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine===
((main|Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine))
[[File:Порошенко і п. Варфоломій.jpg|thumb|Bartholomew with Ukrainian President [[Petro Poroshenko]], 3 November 2018]]

In October 2018 the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate agreed to grant [[autocephaly]] (independence) to the [[History of Christianity in Ukraine|Orthodox Church in Ukraine]], to reestablish a stauropegion of the ecumenical patriarch in Kyiv, to revoke the legal binding of the letter of 1686 which led to the Russian Orthodox Church establishing jurisdiction over the Ukrainian Church, and to lift the excommunications which affected clergy and faithful of two then unrecognized Orthodox churches in Ukraine, the [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC) and the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate]] (UOC-KP). In response, the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] announced it was cutting ties with the Ecumenical Patriarchate, which marked the beginning of the [[2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism]].<ref>((Cite news |title=Russian Orthodox Church recognizes Patriarch Bartholomew as schismatic |url=http://tass.com/society/1027025 |publisher=TASS Russian News Agency |date=20 October 2018))</ref>

On 5 January 2019, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew granted autocephaly to the newly founded [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]] by [[Canonical act]].<ref name=":1">((Cite web|url=https://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/orthodox/constantinople_patriarchy/74166/|title=Patriarch Bartholomew signs Tomos of autocephaly of Orthodox Church of Ukraine|date=5 January 2019|website=risu.org.ua|access-date=5 January 2019))</ref>

===Possession of Vatican St. Peter Bone Fragments===
On 2 July 2019, it was announced that [[Pope Francis]] had given Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew possession of nine bone fragments believed to belong to St. Peter and which were publicly displayed by Pope Francis in November 2013 during a Vatican 'Year of Faith' Mass.<ref name=braveandbold>((Cite news|url=https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2019/07/pope-gives-relics-of-st-peter-to-orthodox-patriarch/|title=Pope gives relics of St. Peter to Orthodox patriarch|first=Cindy|last=Wooden|publisher=Catholic News Service|date=2 July 2019|access-date=2 July 2019))</ref> Bartholomew, who also gained possession of the bronze reliquary in which they are displayed,<ref name=braveandbold /> described the Pope's gesture as "brave and bold".<ref name=braveandbold />

=== Macedonian Orthodox Church ===
In 2022, the Ecumenical Patriarchate accepted the [[Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid]] into [[Koinonia|communion]], recognized [[North Macedonia]] as a canonical jurisdiction.<ref>((Cite web |title=Phanar: Yes to the recognition, no to "Macedonia" for the Archdiocese of Ohrid |website=Orthodox Times |language=en |url=https://orthodoxtimes.com/phanar-yes-to-the-recognition-no-to-macedonia-for-the-archdiocese-of-ohrid/))</ref><ref>((Cite web |last= |date=12 June 2022 |title=Κοβάτσεφσκι: Ευχαριστούμε τον Πατριάρχη Βαρθολομαίο για τον τερματισμό μιας ιστορικής αδικίας |trans-title=Kovacevski: We thank Patriarch Bartholomew for ending a historic injustice |url=https://www.ieidiseis.gr/kosmos/150203/kovatsefski-efxaristoyme-ton-patriarxi-vartholomaio-gia-ton-termatismo-mias-istorikis-adikias |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=ieidiseis.gr |language=el-gr))</ref>

=== Russian invasion of Ukraine ===
Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew has criticized both the Russian state and the Russian church for the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion of Ukraine]], calling it a crime of aggression and saying that it has caused enormous suffering both to the Ukrainian and the Russian people.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/03/23/russian-orthodox-church-shares-responsibility-for-russias-aggression-ecumenical-patriarch/ |title=Russian Orthodox Church shares responsibility for Russia's aggression – Ecumenical Patriarch |publisher=Euromaidan Press |date=23 March 2023))</ref> In 2023 Patriarch Bartholomew criticised the Russian church, which he says is teaching a "theology of war". "This is the theology that the sister Church of Russia began to teach, trying to justify an unjust, unholy, unprovoked, diabolical war against a sovereign and independent country – Ukraine."<ref>((cite web |title=Patriarch Bartholomew firmly denied the possibility of "reconsidering" the granting of autocephaly to the Church of Ukraine |url=https://risu.ua/en/patriarch-bartholomew-firmly-denied-the-possibility-of-reconsidering-the-granting-of-autocephaly-to-the-church-of-ukraine_n142200 |date=3 September 2023))</ref>

==Distinctions==

===Orders===
* ((GEO)): [[Order of the Golden Fleece (Georgia)|Order of the Golden Fleece]]<ref>((Cite web |script-title=ru:Патриарх Константинопольский Варфоломей награжден орденом "Золотое руно" — высшим орденом Грузии для иностранных граждан |url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/308263.html |language=ru |trans-title=Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople was awarded the Order of the "Golden Fleece", the highest order of Georgia for foreign citizens |website=Patriarchia.ru |publisher=Русская Православная Церковь [Russian Orthodox Church] |access-date=12 November 2019))</ref>
* ((flag|Georgia)): [[Grand Collar]] of the [[Order of the Eagle of Georgia]] (22 October 2011) by Prince [[David Bagration of Mukhrani]] at [[Saint George's chapel]].<ref name="order-eagle-ecumenical">((Cite web|url=http://www.royalhouseofgeorgia.ge/news/Official-Events/The-Patriarch-of-Constantinople-decorated-by-the-Head-of-the-Royal-House-of-Georgia|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131106194700/http://www.royalhouseofgeorgia.ge/news/Official-Events/The-Patriarch-of-Constantinople-decorated-by-the-Head-of-the-Royal-House-of-Georgia|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 November 2013|title=The Patriarch of Constantinople Decorated By The Head Of The Royal House of Georgia |publisher=Royal House of Georgia|access-date=29 October 2011))</ref>
* ((flag|Georgia)): Order of Saint King David the Psalmist by Prince [[Nugzar Bagration-Gruzinsky]] of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (27 August 2015) in a private ceremony in the patriarchal palace<ref>((Cite web|url=http://theroyalhouseofgeorgia.org/news_from_the_Royal_House_of_Georgia.html|title=News from the Royal House of Georgia / Private audience with His Most Divine All Holiness Bartholomew I|website=The Royal House of Georgia|access-date=25 February 2017))</ref>
* ((flag|Slovakia)): [[Order of the White Double Cross]] by President [[Ivan Gašparovič]] (27 May 27, 2013)<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.webnoviny.sk/fotogaleria/arcibiskup-bartolomej-i-navstivil-bra/951242-fotografia.html |title=Arcibiskup Bartolomej I. navštívil Bratislavu – Fotogaléria |publisher=Webnoviny.sk |access-date=3 September 2013))</ref>
* ((flag|Ukraine)): [[Order of Liberty (Ukraine)|Order of Liberty]] (27 July 2013)<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.president.gov.ua/documents/15922.html |script-title=uk:Указ Президента України № 393/2013 |language=uk |trans-title=Decree of the President of Ukraine |website=president.gov.ua |publisher=Офіс Президента України [Office of the President of Ukraine] |access-date=18 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024025756/http://president.gov.ua/documents/15922.html |archive-date=24 October 2013 |id=393/2013))</ref> and [[Order of Merit (Ukraine)|Order of Merit 1st class]] (5 January 2019)<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/prezident-vruchiv-visoku-derzhavnu-nagorodu-vselenskomu-patr-52370|title=President presented a high state award to Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew|date=5 January 2019|website=Official website of the President of Ukraine|language=en|access-date=5 January 2019))</ref>
* [[File:New_Ghassanid_Banner.png|frameless|23x23px]] Royal House of Ghassan: Knight Grand Collar of the Equestrian Order of Michael Archangel <ref>((cite web|format=blog|url=https://royalblog.org/2016/07/15/hirh-prince-gharios-el-chemor-is-blessed-by-ecumenical-patriarch/|title=HIRH Prince Gharios El Chemor is Blessed by Ecumenical Patriarch |date=July 15, 2016 ))</ref>
* ((Flag|Finland)): Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Holy Lamb]] (1993)<ref>((cite news|title=Matkoille|newspaper=Helsingin Sanomat|date=7 May 1993|page=A 4|url=https://nakoislehti.hs.fi/e9362edd-8cdc-44d7-9e62-3a15d7c35783/4|language=fi))</ref>

===Academic===
He received an honorary doctorate from the [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies]] in South Korea on 23 June 2005.

In October 2009, he received an honorary doctorate from [[Fordham University]] in the United States.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_1693.asp |title=Ecumenical Patriarch Receives Honorary Degree |publisher=[[Fordham University]] |date=28 October 2003 |access-date=3 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909041110/http://www.fordham.edu/Campus_Resources/eNewsroom/topstories_1693.asp |archive-date=9 September 2014 |url-status=dead ))</ref>

He received an honorary PhD. from [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem|The Hebrew University in Jerusalem]] on 6 December 2017.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.ecupatria.org/2017/12/11/ecumenical-patriarch-bartholomew-doctor-honoris-causa-of-the-hebrew-university-in-jerusalem/|title=Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew Doctor Honoris Causa of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem|date=11 December 2017|access-date=29 January 2021))</ref>

In December 2018, he received an honorary doctorate from the [[National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy]] in Ukraine.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/561521.html|title=Вселенскому патриарху Варфоломею присвоено звание почетного доктора Национального университета "Киево-Могилянская академия" |trans-title=Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew was awarded the title of Honorary Doctor of the National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy" |date=26 January 2019 |website=Интерфакс-Украина |trans-website=Interfax-Ukraine |language=ru|access-date=26 January 2019))</ref>

In October 2021, he received an honorary degree from the [[University of Notre Dame]] in the United States.<ref>((Cite press release |title=Academic Convocation and Honorary Degree Conferral on His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew|url=https://president.nd.edu/ecumenical-patriarch/|access-date=29 October 2021|publisher=Office of the President, [[University of Notre Dame]] |language=en))</ref>

===Other===
On 1 November 2021, he received the Human Dignity Award from the American Jewish Committee (AJC), the premier global Jewish advocacy organization. The AJC honor recognizes Bartholomew's singular care for humanity and the environment, exceptional commitment to interreligious coexistence, and indispensable advancement of Orthodox-Jewish relations.

On 3 December 2013, he received the [[Global Thinkers Forum]] 2013 Award for Excellence in Peace and Collaboration.<ref>((Cite web|title=Awards for Excellence|url=https://www.globalthinkersforum.org/timeline-of-events/gtf-2013/awards-for-excellence|access-date=29 October 2021|website=Global Thinkers Forum|language=en))</ref>

In 2012, he received the Four Freedoms Award for the Freedom of Worship.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards |title=Four Freedoms Awards |publisher=Roosevelt Institute |access-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325223647/http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards |archive-date=25 March 2015))</ref>

In 1997, Bartholomew received the [[Congressional Gold Medal]]. The Congressional Gold Medal and the Presidential Medal of Freedom are the highest civilian awards given by the United States.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.patriarchate.org/multimedia/video/congressional-gold-medal |title=Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony |publisher=Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople |website=Patriarchate.org |access-date=3 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927205442/http://www.patriarchate.org/multimedia/video/congressional-gold-medal |archive-date=27 September 2013 ))</ref>

In 2002, he received the [[Sophie Prize]] for his work on the environment.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.sophieprize.org/Prize_Winners/2002/index.html |title=Prize Winners » 2002 |publisher=The Sophie Prize |date=12 June 2002 |access-date=3 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207014451/http://www.sophieprize.org/Prize_Winners/2002/index.html |archive-date=7 December 2009 ))</ref>

In April 2008, he was included on the ''Time'' [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] list.<ref>((Cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1733748_1733757_1735535,00.html |title=Bartholomew I |date=30 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912091428/www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1733748_1733757_1735535,00.html |archive-date=12 September 2012 |last1=Williams |first1=Rowan |author1-link=Rowan Williams |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=1 May 2008))</ref> On 13 March 2007, the third anniversary of the death of Cardinal [[Franz König]], Bartholomew was awarded in [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna|Vienna's St. Stephen Cathedral]] the "Cardinal König Prize" from the Foundation "Communio et Progressio".<ref>((Cite web|date=14 March 2007|title=Austria: the visit of Bartholomew I|url=https://www.agensir.it/archivio/2007/03/14/austria-the-visit-of-bartholomew-i/|url-status=live|website=SIR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029001632/https://www.agensir.it/archivio/2007/03/14/austria-the-visit-of-bartholomew-i/ |archive-date=29 October 2021 ))</ref>

In October 2022, he was one of the first faith leaders to have an audience with [[King Charles III]].<ref>((Cite web |title=The Royal Week 22-28 October 2022 |url=https://www.royal.uk/royal-week-22-28-october-2022 |website=Royal Family official website |access-date=31 October 2022))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate]]
*[[Church of St George, Istanbul]]
*[[Ecumenism]]
*[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]]
*[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]]
*[[History of the Eastern Orthodox Church]]
*[[List of current Christian leaders]]
*[[List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople]]

* [[Mount Athos]]

== Notes ==
((reflist|group="lower-alpha"))

==References==
((reflist|group="lower-alpha"))
((Reflist|30em))

==External links==
((wikiquote))
((Commons category|Bartholomew I of Constantinople))
* [http://www.ec-patr.org/athp/index.php?lang=en Official biography]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091016093958/http://www.patriarchate.org/patriarch/passion-for-peace Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew: A Passion for Peace]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511222549/http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles8/Couretas-Patriarch-in-Dire-Straits.php ''A Patriarch in Dire Straits''] by John Couretas, director of communications at the Acton Institute and executive director of the American Orthodox Institute.
* [http://www.aeonmagazine.com/living-together/helena-drysdale-end-of-byzantium/ ''End of Byzantium''] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308220000/http://www.aeonmagazine.com/living-together/helena-drysdale-end-of-byzantium/ |date=8 March 2013 )) interview by Helena Drysdale from Aeon Magazine.

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Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Flag (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Flagg (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:MultiReplace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/c (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Redirect hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wd/i18n (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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