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((Short description|Flame retardant fabric))
((multiple issues|
((refimprove|date=June 2013))
((Globalize|date=September 2010))
))
[[File:US Navy 080118-N-4649C-033 A Sailor wearing a fire-retardant suit checks for hot spots during a crash and smash drill aboard the guided-missile cruiser USS Shiloh (CG 67).jpg|thumb|upright|A sailor wearing a fire-retardant suit checks for hot spots during a crash and smash drill]]

'''Fire-retardant fabrics''' are textiles that are more [[Fire safety|resistant to fire]] than others through chemical treatment of [[Flame retardant|flame-retardant]] or manufactured [[fireproof]] fibers.

==Properties==
The term ''fire-retardant'' as applied to [[Organic compound|organic]] (i.e., containing carbon) materials, is intended to refer to ''reduced'' fire hazard, as all will burn under certain circumstances. The tests used specified in [[building code]]s, such as NFPA 701, are more correctly ''flame resistance'' tests, which test a fabric's ability to resist ignition with the flame size and duration in the test conditions.<ref>NFPA 701,D1.1</ref> The result is a comparative test, which provides a measure of the material's resistance to propagating combustion caused by small scale ignition sources. These tests do not predict the burning characteristics of full scale hazards. In many cases, if exposed to a sufficiently large and sustained exposure fire, the fire-retardant fabrics will burn vigorously. [[Polyester]] is inherently flame retardant, and therefore doesn't flare up when applied to various tests. Any amount of heat delivered within a long enough time interval will have no impact on the fabrics' integrity while a limited amount of heat delivered within short enough time interval may ignite or melt the fabric.

==Curtains==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Hotel Flame Retardant Curtains and Furnishings.jpg|thumbnail|Hotel Flame Retardant Curtains and Fabrics.]] -->
Inherently flame-retardant fabrics are certified in the [[United Kingdom]] by various [[British Standards]]. Fire-retardant fabrics sold in the UK for use as [[curtain]]s must abide by BS 5867 Part 2 B & C, a British Standard. Other relevant UK standards include BS 5815-1 2005, BS 7175, Crib 5, IMO A563 and NFPA 701.

==Stage drapery==
Fabric [[flammability]] is an important [[textile]] issue, especially for stage drapery that will be used in a public space such as a [[school]], [[theatre]] or special event venue. In the United States, Federal regulations require that drapery fabrics used in such spaces be certified as flame or fire-retardant. For draperies and other fabrics used in public places, this is known as the NFPA 701 Test, which follows standards developed by the [[National Fire Protection Association]] (NFPA). Although all [[textile|fabric]]s will burn, some are naturally more resistant to fire than others. Those that are more flammable can have their fire resistance drastically improved by treatment with fire-retardant chemicals.

Inherently flame-retardant fabrics such as certain brand polyesters are commonly used for flame retardant curtain fabrics.

==Fire-retardancy fabric treatment==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Flame-Retardant-Logo.jpg|thumbnail|flame retardant fabric logo]] -->
Fire-retardant fabrics are normally treated to different [[British Standards]]; normally this depends on the end usage of the fabrics. BS 476 is a fire treatment for fabrics that are normally for wall hanging, and must only be used as for that purpose, where as CRIB 5 is a fabric fire treatment for upholstery and must only be used for furnishing and upholstery purposes,  even if both fabrics have been treated for fire-retardancy.
The relevant standards for fire-retardant fabrics include:
* BS 5852:2006 describes the best practice methods to assess the ignitability of single material combinations, such as covers and fillings used in upholstered seating, or complete items of seating. These tests determine the effects of a smouldering cigarette, or other flaming ignition sources such as burning matches or a four-sheet full-size newspaper. This standard can be used to establish the potential ignitability of components in conjunction with other specified materials.<ref name="British Standards Institue">((cite web|title=BSI|url=http://www.bsigroup.co.uk/))</ref> BS 5852:2006 first looks at the criteria of ignition, and the health and safety of operators. It then explains the various apparatus, before focussing on smouldering ignition sources – such as a cigarette, butane gas flames and flaming wooden cribs. It also looks at ways to test for the ignitability of upholstery composites and complete items of furniture. The standard concludes with a final examination and test report. BS 5852:2006 replaces the older certification standard, BS 5852 - 1990.<ref>[http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030057626 British Standards Institute]</ref>
*BS 5867 is  for flame retardant fabrics. It relates to curtains, blinds and drapes for windows when tested by the methods specified in BS 5438:1976. Where appropriate, a cleansing or wetting procedure specified in BS 5651 may also be required.<ref name="British Standards Institute">((cite web|title=British Standards Group|url=http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000000074918))</ref>
*Source 5 (Crib 5) is related to [[upholstery]] and furniture coverings, and is related to BS 5852.<ref>"BS 5852:2006"</ref> The "crib 5 test" uses a small structure (or "crib") made from wooden sticks that are glued together. A lint pad is attached at the bottom and propane-diol is added when it is to be used in to test upholstery. In a test, the "crib" is ignited with a match. To decide whether the test has been passed or not the fabric cover/filling upholstery arrangement is assessed to see whether there is [[Flame|flaming]] or smoldering on both the outer cover and the interior filling material. Assuming it does not ignite or smolder, the upholstery arrangement will pass the test as "non-ignition". Similar tests include "Source 0" (smouldering cigarette) and "Source 1" (simulated match)tests.
*[[Class 0]]
*[[Appliance classes#Class I|Class 1]]
*BS 476

The M1 standard is a European standard that is widely used in Europe only. Most UK fire officers are reluctant to accept MI certification, they prefer BS certificates.

==Durability and cleaning of fabric and drapes==
[[File:Shop Flame Retardant Curtains.jpg|thumbnail|upright|Flame retardant curtains]]
When a fabric is designated as ''inherently fire-retardant'', ''permanently fire-retardant'', or ''durably fire-retardant'', the flame retardancy will last for the life of the fabric as it has been woven into the fabric fiber itself. The drapery can be laundered or dry-cleaned as recommended by the drapery manufacturer.  In the case of fabrics that are designated as ''fire-retardant'', that have been topically treated with chemicals, the flame retardancy of the fabric will dissipate over time, particularly with repeated cleaning. As these chemicals are soluble in liquids-either  water or dry cleaning fluid, these fabrics must be dry-cleaned with a non-liquid cleaning agent.((citation needed|date=February 2011)) The flame retardants work by coating the flammable fabrics with a mineral based barrier, preventing fire from reaching the fibres. 

Typically, the flame retardancy of topically treated fabric is certified for one year,((citation needed|date=February 2011)) though the actual length of time in which the treatment remains effective will vary based on the number of times the drapery is dry-cleaned and the environmental conditions in the location in which the drapery is used.  It is recommended that topically treated drapery be re-tested for fire-retardancy on an annual basis and re-treated by a qualified professional as needed.((citation needed|date=February 2011))

==See also==
* [[Marko (fabric)]]
* [[BSI Group]]
* [[Flame retardant]]
* [[Marlan (fabric)]]
* [[Technical textile]]
* [[Polybenzimidazole_fiber|Polybenzimidazole Fiber]]

==References==
<References/>

==External links==
* [http://www.marinatextil.net/technical-fabrics/normas/iso11612_71_1 European Norm EN11612 (heat & flame)]
* [http://flameretardantfabric.org/ Flame Retardant Fabric]
* [http://www.nfpa.org/ National Fire Protection Association]
* [http://osfm.fire.ca.gov/ California State - Office of the State Fire Marshal]
* [https://www.daletec.com/fire-resistant-fabric/ Fire-Resistant Fabric]
* [http://www.sewwhatinc.com/fr_in_US.php Navigating Flame Retardancy Regulations in the US]
* [http://www.sewwhatinc.com/fr_facts.php Fire Retardancy Definitions including the NFPA 701 Test]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsUX1-_tOlg Video: Drapery Fabric Types, Flammability and Flame Retardant Testing]

((Fire protection))

[[Category:Fire prevention]]
[[Category:Fire protection]]
[[Category:Flame retardant fabrics]]

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