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((more citations needed|date=March 2020))
((Infobox military unit
|unit_name= Fourteenth Area Army
|image=Masaharu Homma ashore at Lingayen Gulf.jpg
|image_size=300px
|caption= General Homma comes ashore at Lingayen Gulf
|dates= November 6, 1941 – August 15, 1945
|country= ((flag|Empire of Japan))
|allegiance=
|branch=((army|Empire of Japan))
|type= [[Infantry]]
|role= [[Field Army]]
|garrison=[[Manila]]
|nickname= 尚武 (''shōbu'' = "militarism", also a synonym for "victory")
|battles=[[Battle of the Philippines (1941–42)]]<br>[[Philippines campaign (1944–45)]]
))
((command structure
|name= Japanese Fourteenth Army
|date= Dec 1941 – Apr 1942
|parent=[[Southern Expeditionary Army]]
|subordinate=
* [[16th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|16th Infantry Division]]
* [[56th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|56th Infantry Division]]
* [[48th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|48th Infantry Division]] until Jan 1942
* [[4th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|4th Infantry Division]] since Jan 1942
* 65th Independent Infantry Brigade
* 10th Independent Garrison
* 21st Division Infantry Group
* 1st Artillery Headquarters
))
((command structure
|name= Japanese Fourteenth Area Army
|date= August 15, 1945
|parent=[[Southern Expeditionary Army]]
|subordinate=
* [[Thirty-Fifth Army (Japan)|35th Army]]
** [[16th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|16th Infantry Division]]
** [[30th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|30th Infantry Division]]
** [[100th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|100th Infantry Division]]
** [[102nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|102nd Infantry Division]]
** [[54th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|54th Independent Mixed Brigade]]
* [[Japanese Forty-First Army|41st Army]]
** [[8th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|8th Infantry Division]]
** [[39th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|39th Independent Mixed Brigade]]
** 65th Independent Infantry Brigade
** 9th Artillery Headquarters
* [[2nd Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|2nd armored division]]
* [[1st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|1st Infantry Division]]
* [[10th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|10th Infantry Division]]
* [[19th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|19th Infantry Division]]
* [[23rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|23rd Infantry Division]]
* [[26th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|26th Infantry Division]]
* [[103rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|103rd Infantry Division]]
* [[105th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|105th Infantry Division]]
* [[4th Air Division (Japan)|4th Air Division]]
* [[Teishin Shudan]] (special forces division)
* 68th Independent Infantry Brigade?
* [[55th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|55th Independent Mixed Brigade]]
* [[58th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|58th Independent Mixed Brigade]]
))

The ((nihongo|'''Fourteenth Area Army'''|第14方面軍|Dai-jyūyon hōmen gun)) was a [[field army]] of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] (IJA) during World War II. It was originally the 14th Army, formed on November 6, 1941, for the upcoming [[Philippines campaign (1941–1942)|invasion of the Philippines]]. It was reorganized in the [[Philippines]] on July 28, 1944, when [[Battle of Leyte|Allied landings]] were considered imminent. The Fourteenth Area Army was formed by reinforcing and renaming the ((nihongo|'''Fourteenth Army'''|第14軍 |Dai-jyūyon gun)). (An IJA "area&nbsp;army" was equivalent to a field army in other militaries, while an IJA "army" was a smaller, [[corps]]-level formation.)

==History==
The Japanese 14th Army was formed on November 6, 1941, under the [[Southern Expeditionary Army Group]] for the specific task of invading and occupying the [[Philippines]]. It initially consisted of the [[IJA 16th Division]], [[48th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|48th Division]], [[56th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|56th Division]], and [[65th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|65th Independent Mixed Infantry Brigade]]. In January 1942, the 48th Division was detached and reassigned to the [[Japanese Sixteenth Army]] for the [[Netherlands East Indies campaign|invasion of the Netherlands East Indies]],<ref>Madej,''Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937–1945''</ref> and was replaced with the [[4th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|Fourth Division]]. As the army was still fighting in the Philippines, its commanding officer, Lieutenant General [[Masaharu Homma]], requested more reinforcements. The 10th Independent Garrison was sent to the Philippines as was the [[21st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|21st Division]] Infantry Group, and the First Field Artillery Headquarters to command the field artillery units. The [[4th Tank Regiment (Japan)|Fourth]] and Seventh Tank Regiments were part of the 14th Army, as well as the First, Eighth, and 16th Field Artillery Regiments and the 9th Independent Field Artillery Battalion. This army was responsible for the [[Bataan Death March]] after the surrender of US and Filipino forces in Bataan, and the 65th Independent Brigade was also accused of the Mariveles Massacre.<ref>((Cite news|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/4403/mariveles-massacre|title=Mariveles Massacre|last=Farolan|first=Ramon|access-date=2018-05-09|language=en))</ref>

The 14th Army came under the direct control of [[Imperial General Headquarters]] in June, 1942; however, the Southern Expeditionary Army Group in [[Saigon]] continued to issue orders, at times in conflict with those received from Tokyo, and the 14th's commanding officer was plagued by insubordination from junior officers who used the situation to issue orders without his approval, or to countermand orders with which they did not agree.<ref>[[John Toland (author)|Toland]], ''[[The Rising Sun]]''</ref> In August 1942, Homma was replaced by Lieutenant General [[Shizuichi Tanaka]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CiqCAgAAQBAJ&dq=Shizuichi+Tanaka+1942&pg=PA318 Who's Who in Twentieth Century Warfare by Spencer Tucker]</ref>

In July 1942 the [[IJA 4th Division|4th Division]] came under control of the 14th Army, as did the [[IJA 30th Division|30th Division]], which was assigned to the defense of [[Mindanao island|Mindanao]]. As the war situation continued to deteriorate for Japan, and [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] prepared to invade the Philippines, the 14th Army restructured its independent infantry brigades and reserves to form the new [[IJA 100th Division|100th]], [[IJA 102nd Division|102nd]], [[IJA 103rd Division|103rd]], and [[IJA 105th Division|105th Division]]s.((Citation needed|date=June 2013))

In March 1944 the 14th Army officially reverted to the control of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group. On July 28, 1944, the Japanese 14th Army officially became the '''Japanese 14th Area Army'''. Two more divisions (the [[IJA 8th Division|8th Division]] and the [[IJA 10th Division|10th Division]]) arrived in August 1944 as reinforcements, and also in August the [[Thirty-Fifth Army (Japan)|35th Army]] came under its control. On October 10, 1944, General [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] assumed the command of the 14th Area Army to defend the Philippines. In the various battles of the [[Philippines campaign (1944–45)]] against combined American and [[Philippine Commonwealth]] armed forces in [[Leyte]], [[Mindanao]] and parts of [[Luzon]], the Japanese 14th Area Army suffered over 350,000 casualties, including virtually all of the 18,000 men of the 16th Infantry Division in the [[Battle of Leyte]].((Citation needed|date=June 2013))

Troops of the 14th Area Army were responsible for the [[Palawan Massacre]] of December 14, 1944.

==List of commanders==
((Unreferenced section|date=March 2020))

===Commanding officer===
{| class=wikitable
!  || Name || From || To
|-
|1|| Lieutenant General [[Masaharu Homma]] ||6 November 1941 || 1 August 1942
|-
|2 || Lieutenant General [[Shizuichi Tanaka]] ||1 August 1942 || 19 May 1943
|-
|3 || Lieutenant General [[Shigenori Kuroda]] ||19 May 1943 || 26 September 1944
|-
|4 || General [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] ||26 September 1944 || 15 August 1945
|-
|}

===Chief of staff===
{| class=wikitable
!  || Name || From || To
|-
|1|| Lieutenant General [[Masami Maeda]] ||6 November 1941 || 20 February 1942
|-
|2 || Major General [[Takaji Wachi]] ||20 February 1942 || 22 March 1944
|-
|3 || Lieutenant General [[Haruki Isayama]] ||22 March 1944 || 19 June 1944
|-
|4 || Lieutenant General [[Tsuchio Yamaguchi]] ||19 June 1944 || 28 July 1944
|-
|5 || Major General [[Ryozo Sakuma]] ||28 July 1944 || 5 October 1944
|-
|6 || Lieutenant General [[Akira Mutō]] ||5 October 1944 || 15 August 1945
|-
|}

==Structure==
((Unreferenced section|date=March 2020))
* Japanese 14th Area Army (1945)
** [[IJA 1st Division|1st Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 10th Division|10th Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 19th Division|19th Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 23rd Division|23rd Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 26th Division|26th Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 103rd Division|103rd Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 105th Division|105th Infantry Division]]
** [[2nd Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|2nd Tank Division]]
** [[4th Air Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|4th Air Division]]
** [[IJA 1st Special Forces Division]]
** 68th Independent Infantry Brigade
** 55th Independent Mixed Brigade
** 58th Independent Mixed Brigade
* [[Thirty-Fifth Army (Japan)|Japanese 35th Army]]
** [[IJA 16th Division|16th Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 30th Division|30th Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 100th Division|100th Infantry Division]]
** [[IJA 102nd Division|102nd Infantry Division]]
** 54th Independent Mixed Brigade
* [[Japanese Forty-First Army|Japanese 41st Army]]
** [[IJA 8th Division|8th Infantry Division]]
** 39th Independent Mixed Brigade
** 65th Independent Infantry Brigade
** 9th Artillery Headquarters

== Notes ==
((reflist))

==References==
*((cite book
 | last = Breuer
 | first = William B.
 | author-link = 
 | year = 1986
| title = Retaking The Philippines: America's Return to Corregidor & Bataan, 1944–1945
 | url = https://archive.org/details/retakingphilippi00breu_0
 | url-access = registration
 | publisher = St Martin's Press
 | location = 
 | id = ASIN B000IN7D3Q
))
*((cite book
 | last = Madej
 | first =  Victor
 | year = 1981
 | title = Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937–1945  
 | publisher = Game Publishing Company
 | location = 
 | id =  ASIN: B000L4CYWW
))
*((cite book
 | last = Marston
 | first =  Daniel
 | year = 2005
 | title = The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima
 | publisher = Osprey Publishing 
 | location = 
 | isbn =  1-84176-882-0
))
*((cite book
 | last = Nalty
 | first =  Bernard
 | year = 1999
 | title = War in the Pacific: Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay : The Story of the Bitter Struggle in the Pacific Theater of World War II
 | publisher = University of Oklahoma Press 
 | location = 
 | isbn =  0-8061-3199-3
))
*((cite book
 | last = Rottman
 | first =  Gordon
 | year = 2005
 | title = Japanese Army in World War II: "The South Pacific and New Guinea, 1942–43" (Battle Orders) 
 | publisher = Osprey Publishing
 | location = 
 | isbn =  1-84176-789-1
))
*((cite book
 | last = Weist
 | first =  Andrew A
 | year = 2005
 | title = The Pacific War: Campaigns of World War II (The Campaigns of World War II)  | publisher = Motorbooks International
 | location = 
 | isbn =  0-7603-1146-3
))

==External links==
*((cite web
| last = Wendel
| first = Marcus
| url = http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=6748
| title = Axis History Factbook
| work = Japanese Fourteenth Area Army
))

[[Category:Field armies of Japan|14]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1942]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945]]
[[Category:Manila in World War II]]

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