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((More citations needed|date=December 2009))
((Use dmy dates|date=August 2020))
((Infobox royalty
| type = monarch
| consort =
| name =Francis I
| title = 
| more =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| succession = [[Duke of Saxony#Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg|Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg]]
| moretext =
| reign = 1543 &ndash; 1571
| predecessor =[[Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus I]]
| successor =[[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]]
| suc-type =Successor
| succession1 = [[Duke of Saxony#Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg|Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg]]
| reign1 = 1573 &ndash; 1581
| predecessor1 =[[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]]
| successor1 =[[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]] and [[Maurice of Saxe-Lauenburg|Maurice]] (joint rule)
| suc-type1 = Successors
| spouse =[[Sibylle of Saxony]]
| issue =[[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]]<br />[[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]]<br />[[Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg|Henry]]<br />[[Maurice of Saxe-Lauenburg|Maurice]]<br />[[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Frederick]]
| issue-link =Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg#Marriage and issue
| issue-pipe =more...
| full name =
| era name =
| era dates =
| posthumous name =
| temple name =
| house = [[House of Ascania]]
| father =[[Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus I]]
| mother =[[Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
| birth_date =1510 <!--((birth date|1510|||df=y))-->
| birth_place =
| death_date = 19 March 1581<!--((death date and age|1581|3|19|1510|||df=y))-->
| death_place =[[Buxtehude]]
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
| occupation =
| signature =
| religion = [[Lutheranism]]
))
'''Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg''' (1510 &ndash; 19 March 1581, [[Buxtehude]]) was the eldest child and only son of Duke [[Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg]] and [[Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] (1488 &ndash; 29 July 1563, [[Amt Neuhaus|Neuhaus]]), daughter of Duke [[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry IV ''the Elder'' of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel)]]. Francis I succeeded his father in 1543 as duke of [[Saxe-Lauenburg]], but resigned in favour of his major son [[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]] in 1571. Two years later he reascended and was succeeded by [[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]] in 1581.

==Life==
With his thriftiness Francis I deeply plunged Saxe-Lauenburg into debts, to this end he pawned most of the ducal [[demesne]]s to his creditors.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 379. ((ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5))</ref> In 1550 Francis I wielded his influence to make the [[Cathedral chapter|chapter]] of the neighbouring [[Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg]] elect his 7-year-old son [[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus]] as coming [[prince-bishop]], however, the [[Canon (priest)#Secular canons|capitular canons]] refused.

Heavily indebted and with no further need for good relations with the prince-bishopric Francis I looted Ratzeburg Cathedral in 1552. In 1558 he conquered the prince-episcopal [[Bridgettines|Bridgettine]] Monastery of Marienwohlde near [[Mölln]], looted and demolished the cloister, forced its [[vassal]] farmers to swear him loyalty and pay him dues, and started overfelling in the monasterial woods, selling the timber abroad.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 379. ((ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5))</ref>

In 1571 – highly indebted – Francis I resigned in favour of his eldest son [[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]], who had promised to redeem the pawned ducal demesnes with funds he gained as Swedish military commander and by his marriage to a Swedish princess. However, Magnus did not redeem pawns but further alienated ducal possessions, which ignited a conflict between Magnus and his father and brothers [[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis (II)]] and [[Maurice of Saxe-Lauenburg|Maurice]] as well as the [[estates of the realm|estates of the duchy]], further escalating due to Magnus' violent temperament.

In 1573 Francis I deposed Magnus and reascended to the throne while Magnus fled to [[Sweden]], the homeland of his wife [[Princess Sophia of Sweden|Sophia Vasa of Sweden]]. The following year Magnus hired troops in order to take Saxe-Lauenburg with violence. Francis II, an experienced military commander in imperial service, and Duke [[Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp|Adolphus of Holstein-Gottorp]], then [[Lower Saxon Circle|Lower Saxon]] [[Circle Colonel]] (''Kreisobrist''), helped Francis I to defeat Magnus. In return Saxe-Lauenburg had to cede the bailiwick of [[Steinhorst, Schleswig-Holstein|Steinhorst]] to Adolphus' Holstein-Gottorp in 1575. Francis II again helped his father to inhibit Magnus' second military attempt to overthrow his father in 1578.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 381. ((ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5))</ref> Francis I then made Francis II his vicegerent actually governing the duchy.

In 1581 - shortly before he died and after consultations with his son Prince-Archbishop [[henry of Saxe-Lauenburg|Henry]] of Bremen and [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Rudolph II]], but unconcerted with his other sons Magnus and Maurice - Francis I made his third son Francis II, whom he considered the ablest, his sole successor, violating the rules of [[primogeniture]].<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 380. ((ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5))</ref> This severed the anyway difficult relations with the estates of the duchy, which fought the ducal practice of growing indebtedness.<ref>Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: ''Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg'' [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 373–389, here p. 380. ((ISBN|978-3-529-02606-5))</ref>

==Marriage and issue==
[[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Bildnis einer jungen Frau (Galleria degli Uffizi).jpg|thumb|right|[[Sibylle of Saxony]], ca. 1530]] On 8 February 1540 Francis I married in [[Dresden]] [[Sibylle of Saxony]] ([[Freiberg, Saxony|Freiberg]], *2 May 1515 &ndash; 18 July 1592*, [[Buxtehude]]), daughter of [[Henry IV, Duke of Saxony]]. They had the following children:
* Albert (*1542 &ndash; 1544*)
* Dorothea ([[Lüneburg]], *11 March 1543 &ndash; 5 April 1586*, [[Herzberg am Harz]]), ∞ [[Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]] (*1531 &ndash; 1595*)
* [[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]] (*1543 &ndash; 14 May 1603*, [[Ratzeburg]])
* Ursula (*1545 &ndash; 22 October 1620*, [[Schernebeck]]), married in 1569 [[Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg]]
* [[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]] (*1547 &ndash; 1619*)
* [[Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg|Henry]] (*1 November 1550 &ndash; 22 April 1585*, [[Bremervörde|Vörde]]), as Henry III [[Archbishops of Bremen|Prince-Archbishop of Bremen]] (1567–1585), as well as Prince-Bishop of [[Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück|Osnabrück]] (Henry II, 1574–1585) and [[Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn|Paderborn]] (Henry I, 1577–1585), married Anna von Broich
* [[Maurice of Saxe-Lauenburg|Maurice]] (*1551 &ndash; 1612*), married in 1581 Katharina von Spörck, divorced in 1582
* Sidonia Catharina (*?&ndash; 1594*), married in 1567 (1) [[Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke of Cieszyn]] and in 1586 (2) Emmerich III Forgach, Upper [[Gespan]] of the [[Duchy of Teschen]]
* [[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Frederick]] (*1554 &ndash; 1586*, [[Cologne]]), [[Canon (priest)|canon]] at the [[Cologne Cathedral|Cologne]] and [[Bremen Cathedral]]s

Illegitimate children with Else Rautenstein were:
* Franz Rautenstein (*? &ndash; after 26 December 1618*)
* Katharina Rautenstein (*1565 &ndash; 1587*), ∞ in 1579 Johann Grotjan

==Ancestry==
((ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg'''
|2= 2. [[Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg]]
|3= 3. [[Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
|4= 4. [[John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg]]
|5= 5. [[Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Dorothea of Brandenburg]]
|6= 6. [[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|7= 7. [[Catherine of Pomerania, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Catherine of Pomerania-Wolgast]]
|8= 8. [[Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg]]
|9= 9. [[Adelheid of Pomerania-Stolp]]
|10= 10. [[Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg]]
|11= 11. [[Catherine of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg|Catherine of Saxony]]
|12= 12. [[William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|13= 13. [[Elisabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode]]
|14= 14. [[Eric II, Duke of Pomerania]]
|15= 15. [[Sophia of Pomerania-Stolp]]
|16= 16. [[Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg]]
|17= 17. [[Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|18= 18. [[Bogislaw VIII, Duke of Pomerania]]
|19= 19. [[Sophia of Holstein]]
|20= 20. [[Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg]]
|21= 21. [[Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Brandenburg|Elisabeth of Bavaria]]
|22= 22. [[Frederick I, Elector of Saxony]]
|23= 23. [[Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|24= 24. [[William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|25= 25. [[Cecilia of Brandenburg]]
|26= 26. [[Bodo VII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode]]
|27= 27. [[Anna of Schwarzburg]]
|28= 28. [[Wartislaw IX, Duke of Pomerania]]
|29= 29. Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg
|30= 30. [[Bogislaw IX, Duke of Pomerania]]
|31= 31. [[Maria of Masovia]]
))

==Notes==
((Reflist))

((S-start))
((S-hou|[[House of Ascania]]||1510|19 March|1581 in [[Buxtehude]]))
((S-reg))
((S-bef|before=[[Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus I]]))
((S-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Saxony#Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg (1401–1876)|Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg]]|years=1543 &ndash; 1571<br><small>resigned in favour of his son [[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]]</small>))
((S-aft|rows=1|after=[[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]]))
((S-bef|before=[[Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]]))
((S-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Saxony#Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg (1401–1876)|Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg]]|years=1573/1574 &ndash; 1581<br><small>deposed Magnus II by force</small>|regent1=[[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]] (son)|years1=1578 &ndash; 1581|as=vicegerent))
((S-aft|rows=1|after=[[Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]] and |after2=[[Maurice of Saxe-Lauenburg|Maurice]]|as=Administrators of Saxe-Lauenburg))
|-
((s-end))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Saxe-Lauenburg, Francis I Of))
[[Category:1510 births]]
[[Category:1581 deaths]]
[[Category:Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis 01]]
[[Category:House of Ascania|Francis 01]]
[[Category:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism|Francis 01 of Saxe-Lauenburg]]

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