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((Short description|Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion of Canada and the United States))
((Refimprove|date=October 2018))
((Infobox ecoregion
| name             = Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests
| image            = Iona, PEI (1159076611).jpg
| image_size       = 
| image_alt        = 
| image_caption    = Lowland forest along the [[Confederation Trail]] in [[Queens County, Prince Edward Island|Queens County]], [[Prince Edward Island]]
| country          = [[Canada]]
| state1           = [[New Brunswick]]
| state2           = [[Nova Scotia]]
| state3           = [[Prince Edward Island]]
| state4           = [[Quebec]]
| region_type      = Provinces
| border           = [[Eastern Canadian forests]]
| border1          = [[New England/Acadian forests]]
| bird_species     = 191 <ref name="Atlas">((cite web|url=http://maps.tnc.org/globalmaps.html|title=The Atlas of Global Conservation|publisher=The Nature Conservancy|accessdate=2020-08-18))</ref>
| mammal_species   = 46 <ref name = "Atlas"/>
| habitat_loss     = 4.5
| habitat_loss_ref = <ref name = "Atlas"/>
| protected        = 2.9
| protected_ref    = <ref name = "Atlas"/>
| area             = 39368
| biogeographic_realm = [[Nearctic realm|Nearctic]]
| biome            = [[Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]]
| map              = Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests map.svg
| map_size         = 250px
| map_alt          = 
| map_caption      = 
))
The '''Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests''' are a [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forest]] [[ecoregion]] of [[Eastern Canada]], as defined by the [[World Wildlife Fund]] (WWF) categorization system.<ref name="wwl">((Cite web |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0612 |title=Northern Canadian Shield taiga  - Ecoregions - WWF))</ref>

==Setting==
Located on the [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]], the world's largest estuary, this ecoregion covers all of [[Prince Edward Island]], the [[Magdalen Islands|Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine]] of Quebec, most of east-central [[New Brunswick]], the [[Annapolis Valley]], [[Minas Basin]] and the [[Northumberland Strait]] coast of [[Nova Scotia]]. This area has a coastal climate of warm summers and cold and snowy winters with an average annual temperature of around 5&nbsp;°C going up to 15&nbsp;°C in summer, the coast is warmer than the islands or the sheltered inland valleys.<ref>((WWF ecoregion|id=na0408|name=Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests))</ref>

==Flora==
The colder climate allows more hardwood trees to grow in the Gulf of St Lawrence than in most of this part of northeast North America. Trees of the region include eastern hemlock (''[[Tsuga canadensis]]''), balsam fir (''[[Abies balsamea]]''), American elm (''[[Ulmus americana]]''), black ash (''[[Fraxinus nigra]]''), [[eastern white pine]] (''Pinus strobus''), red maple (''[[Acer rubrum]]''), northern red oak (''[[Quercus rubra]]''), black spruce (''[[Picea mariana]]''), red spruce (''[[Picea rubens]]'') and white spruce (''[[Picea glauca]]'').

==Fauna==
The forests are home to a variety of wildlife  including [[American black bear]] (''Ursus americanus''), [[moose]] (''Alces alces''), [[white-tailed deer]] (''Odocoileus virginianus''), [[red fox]] (''Vulpes vulpes''), [[snowshoe hare]] (''Lepus americanus''), [[North American porcupine]] (''Erithyzon dorsatum''), [[fisher (animal)|fisher]] (''Martes pennanti''), [[North American beaver]] (''Castor canadensis''), [[bobcat]] (''Lynx rufus''), [[American marten]] (''Martes americana''), [[raccoon]] (''Procyon lotor'') and [[muskrat]] (''Ondatra zibethica''). The area is habitat for maritime ringlet butterflies (''[[Coenonympha nipisiquit]]'') and other invertebrates. Birds include many seabirds, a large colony of [[great blue heron]] (''Ardea herodias''), the largest remaining population of the endangered [[piping plover]] and one of the largest colonies of [[double-crested cormorant]] (''Phalacrocorax auritus'') in the world.

==Threats and preservation==
Most of this ecoregion has been altered by logging and clearance for agriculture with only 3% of original habitat remaining and that highly fragmented. The only large block of intact habitat remains in the area around [[Kouchibouguac National Park]] in New Brunswick, although even here logging is ongoing.

==See also==
*[[List of ecoregions in Canada (WWF)]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* ((WWF ecoregion|name=Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests|id=na0408))
* ((NatGeo ecoregion|id=na0408|name=Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests))
* [http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/ecoregions/50405frame.htm Central U.S. hardwood forests images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]

[[Category:Biogeography]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Canada]]

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