House of Bourbon-Parma
Parent house	House of Bourbon-Anjou (agnatic) House of Farnese (cognatic)
Country	Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands Former countries  Duchy of Parma Kingdom of Etruria Duchy of Lucca
Founded	18 October 1748
Founder	Philip
Current head	Prince Carlos
Final ruler	Guastalla: Ferdinand I (1765–1802) Etruria: Louis II (1803–1807) Lucca: Charles I (1824–1847) Parma: Robert I (1854–1859)
Titles	Current: Grand Duke of Luxembourg Former: King of Etruria King of Northern Lusitania[1] Duke of Parma Duke of Piacenza Duke of Guastalla Duke of Lucca
Deposition	Parma, 9 June 1859: Annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia

Lesser Arms of Bourbon-Parma

The House of Bourbon-Parma (Italian: Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line. Its name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma. The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons as the founder was the great-grandson of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma.^[2][3]

Duchy of Parma

The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma. In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza.

The Farnese family continued to rule until their extinction in 1731, at which point the duchy was inherited by the young son of the King of Spain, Charles, whose mother Elisabeth was a member of the Farnese family. He ruled until 1735 during the War of the Polish Succession, when Parma was ceded to Emperor Charles VI in exchange for the Two Sicilies.^{[citation needed]}

House of Bourbon-Parma in the 18th and 19th centuries

Temporary Habsburg rule

The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Philip of Spain, Charles's younger brother. As duke Philip, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma.

In 1796, the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte. In the Treaty of Aranjuez of 1801, duke Ferdinand formally agreed to cede the duchy to Napoleon. The territories were integrated into the Cisalpine Republic until 1802, the Italian Republic, from 1802 until 1805, and the Kingdom of Italy, from 1805 until 1808, until in 1808 the French Empire annexed them and formed out of them the Département of Taro.^{[citation needed]}

In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. The duchy was renamed the duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.

Return to the Bourbons

After Marie Louise's death in 1847, the duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been ruling the tiny duchy of Lucca. As part of the return the Duchy of Guastalla was transferred to the Duchy of Modena. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a revolution following the Sardinian victory in their war against Austria.

The duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and the duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860. The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of duke of Parma to this day. Carlos-Hugo (Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s) held the title from 1977 to his death. His son now claims the title.

The Dukes

House of Bourbon-Parma (1731–1735)

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles, Duke of Parma 1731–1735		20 January 1716 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma	Maria Amalia of Saxony 1738 13 children	14 December 1788 Madrid aged 72

House of Bourbon-Parma (1748–1802)

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Philip, Duke of Parma 1748–1765		15 March 1720 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma	Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon 25 October 1739 3 children	18 July 1765 Alessandria aged 45
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma 1765–1802 nominal since 1796		20 January 1751 Parma son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon	Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria 19 July 1769 7 children	9 October 1802 Fontevivo aged 51

During the French ownership of the Duchy of Parma, the title of Duke of Parma was used as an honorary form and style. From 1808, the title was used by Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès. He kept the style of Duc de Parme until 1814. Only in 1847 was the actual title restored to the Bourbons, after a period of being held by Marie Louise of Austria, who was a Habsburg and the second wife of Napoleon I.

House of Bourbon-Parma (1847–1859)

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles II, Duke of Parma 1847–1848		22 December 1799 Madrid son of Louis of Etruria and Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca	Maria Teresa of Savoy 5 September 1820 2 children	16 April 1883 Nice aged 84
Charles III, Duke of Parma 1848–1854		14 January 1823 Lucca son of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy	Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France 10 November 1845 4 children	27 March 1854 Parma aged 31
Robert I, Duke of Parma 1854–1859		9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois	Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 59

Nominal Dukes of Parma (since 1859)

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Robert, Duke of Parma 1859–1907 titular		9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois	Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 59
Henry, Duke of Parma 1907–1939 titular		13 June 1873 Wartegg son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	16 November 1939 Pianore aged 66
Joseph, Duke of Parma 1939–1950 titular		30 June 1875 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	7 January 1950 Pianore aged 75
Elias, Duke of Parma 1950–1959 titular		23 July 1880 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	Maria Anna of Austria 25 May 1903 Vienna 8 children	27 June 1959 Friedberg aged 79
Robert II, Duke of Parma 1959–1974 titular		7 August 1909 Weilburg son of Elias, Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria	never married	25 November 1974 Vienna aged 65
Xavier, Duke of Parma 1974–1977 titular		25 May 1889 Viareggio son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Antonia of Portugal	Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset 12 November 1927 Lignières 6 children	7 May 1977 Zizers aged 87
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma 1977–2010 titular		8 April 1930 Paris son of Xavier, Duke of Parma and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset	Princess Irene of the Netherlands 29 April 1964 Rome 4 children	18 August 2010 Barcelona aged 80
Carlos, Duke of Parma since 2010 titular		27 January 1970 Nijmegen son of Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Princess Irene of the Netherlands	Annemarie Gualthérie van Weezel 12 June 2010 Wijk bij Duurstede (civil)	incumbent

Present members

Family of late Xavier, Duke of Parma:

• Family of late Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma:
  • Carlos, Duke of Parma, born on (1970-01-27) 27 January 1970 (age 52)
    Annemarie, Duchess of Parma, born on (1977-12-18) 18 December 1977 (age 44)
    • Princess Luisa, Marchioness of Castell'Arquato, born on (2012-05-09) 9 May 2012 (age 10)
    • Princess Cecilia, Countess of Barceto, born on (2013-10-17) 17 October 2013 (age 8)
    • Carlos, Prince of Piacenza, born on (2016-04-24) 24 April 2016 (age 6)
  • Princess Margarita, Countess of Colorno, born on (1972-10-13) 13 October 1972 (age 49)
  • Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi, born on (1972-10-13) 13 October 1972 (age 49)
    Princess Viktória, Countess of Bardi, born on (1982-05-25) 25 May 1982 (age 40)
    • Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2014-02-21) 21 February 2014 (age 8)
    • Princess Gloria of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2016-05-09) 9 May 2016 (age 6)
  • Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala, born on (1974-06-23) 23 June 1974 (age 48)
• Princess Marie Françoise of Lobkowicz, born on (1928-08-19) 19 August 1928 (age 93)
• Princess Marie des Neiges, Countess of Castillo de la Mota, born on (1937-04-29) 29 April 1937 (age 85)
• Prince Sixtus Henry, Duke of Aranjuez, born on (1940-07-22) 22 July 1940 (age 82)

Family of late Felix, Prince Consort of Luxembourg:

• Family of late Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg:
  • Archduchess Marie Astrid of Austria, born on (1954-02-17) 17 February 1954 (age 68)
  • Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, born on (1955-04-16) 16 April 1955 (age 67)
  • Prince Jean of Luxembourg, born on (1955-04-16) 16 April 1955 (age 67)
  • Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein, born on (1957-05-15) 15 May 1957 (age 65)
  • Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg, born on (1963-05-01) 1 May 1963 (age 59)
• Princess Marie Gabriele, Dowager Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg, born on (1925-08-02) 2 August 1925 (age 97)
• Princess Joan of Luxembourg, born on (1935-01-31) 31 January 1935 (age 87)
  • Princess Charlotte, Mrs. Victor Cunningham, born on (1967-09-15) 15 September 1967 (age 54)
  • Prince Robert of Luxembourg, born on (1968-08-14) 14 August 1968 (age 53)
    Princess Julie of Luxembourg, born on (1966-06-09) 9 June 1966 (age 56)

Family of Prince René of Bourbon-Parma:

• Family of late Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma:
  • Prince Philip of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1949-01-22) 22 January 1949 (age 73)
    Princess Annette of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1955-02-24) 24 February 1955 (age 67)
    • Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1986-01-03) 3 January 1986 (age 36)
    • Prince Joseph Axel of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1989-06-06) 6 June 1989 (age 33)
      Princess Anna Louise of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1989-09-07) 7 September 1989 (age 32)
      • Prince Arthur of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2021-01-21) 21 January 2021 (age 18 months)
  • Princess Lorraine of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1951-07-27) 27 July 1951 (age 71)
  • Prince Alain of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1955-05-15) 15 May 1955 (age 67)
    Princess Inge of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1948-05-28) 28 May 1948 (age 74)

Family of the late Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma

• Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1934-09-24) 24 September 1934 (age 87)
• Family of late Prince Erik of Bourbon-Parma:
  • • Princess Antonia of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1981-06-10) 10 June 1981 (age 41)
    • Princess Marie Gabrielle of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1982-12-23) 23 December 1982 (age 39)
    • Princess Alexia, Mrs. Fabian Davis, born on (1985-03-07) 7 March 1985 (age 37)
    • Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1989-02-12) 12 February 1989 (age 33)
    • Prince Henri of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1991-10-14) 14 October 1991 (age 30)
      Princess Gabriella of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1994-03-26) 26 March 1994 (age 28)
      • Princess Victoria of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2017-10-30) 30 October 2017 (age 4)
      • Princess Anastasia of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2021-07-27) 27 July 2021 (age 12 months)
  • Princess Sybil of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1954-11-10) 10 November 1954 (age 67)
  • Prince Charles-Emmanuel of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1961-06-03) 3 June 1961 (age 61)
    Princess Constance of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1971-07-18) 18 July 1971 (age 51)
    • Prince Amaury of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1991-10-30) 30 October 1991 (age 30)
    • Princess Charlotte of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1993-07-18) 18 July 1993 (age 29)
    • Princess Elizabeth of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1996-06-12) 12 June 1996 (age 26)
    • Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1999-04-01) 1 April 1999 (age 23)
• Princess Marina of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1935-09-05) 5 September 1935 (age 86)
  • Princess Tania, Mrs. Louis-Arnaud L'Herbier, born on (1961-11-13) 13 November 1961 (age 60)
  • Princess Astrid of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1964-09-22) 22 September 1964 (age 57)
  • Prince Axel of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1967-09-18) 18 September 1967 (age 54)
    Princess Raphaële of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1971-06-09) 9 June 1971 (age 51)
    • Prince Côme of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1997-05-07) 7 May 1997 (age 25)
    • Princess Alix of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2000-03-26) 26 March 2000 (age 22)
    • Princess Aure of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2004-12-13) 13 December 2004 (age 17)

Family of late Prince Louis of Bourbon-Parma:

• Family of late Prince Guy of Bourbon-Parma:
  • Prince Louis-Victor of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1966-06-25) 25 June 1966 (age 56)
    Princess Ariane of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1966-01-16) 16 January 1966 (age 56)
    • Princess Delphine of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1992-07-11) 11 July 1992 (age 30)
    • Prince Guy of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1995-02-06) 6 February 1995 (age 27)
• Prince Rémy of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1942-07-14) 14 July 1942 (age 80)
  Princess Elisabeth of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1954-04-17) 17 April 1954 (age 68)
  • Prince Tristan of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1974-06-30) 30 June 1974 (age 48)
    Princess Shira of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1979-01-31) 31 January 1979 (age 43)
    • Princess Talma of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2012-11-21) 21 November 2012 (age 9)
    • Prince Imri of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2020-04-07) 7 April 2020 (age 2)
  • Princess Aude of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1977-01-26) 26 January 1977 (age 45)
• Princess Chantal, Mrs. Francois-Henri Georges, born on (1946-11-24) 24 November 1946 (age 75)
• Prince Jean of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1961-10-15) 15 October 1961 (age 60)
  Princess Virginia of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1964-08-31) 31 August 1964 (age 57)
  • Prince Arnaud of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1989-10-26) 26 October 1989 (age 32)
  • Prince Christophe of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1991-07-04) 4 July 1991 (age 31)

Line of succession