Europe
European gas pipelines include:[1]
InterEuropean
- Balticconnector, bi-directional connect between Estonian and Finnish gas grids.
- Baltic Pipe, from Denmark to Poland.
- BBL Pipeline, for bi-directional transport between the Netherlands and England.
- ENAGAS Pipeline, Spanish pipeline.
- GIPL, from Poland to Lithuania.
- Interconnector (North Sea), for bi-directional transport between Bacton Gas Terminal, England and Zeebrugge, Belgium.
- Interconnector Greece-Bulgaria, for linking the Greek and Bulgarian gas networks.
- JAGAL, German section of the Yamal-Europe pipeline.
- Langeled Pipeline, from Norway to England.
- MIDAL, German pipeline, from Bunde, Germany to South Germany, connecting to WEDAL and STEGAL.
- MEGAL, German pipeline, from Czech–German and Austrian–German borders to the German–French border.
- NEL pipeline, German pipeline, connects the Nord Stream 1 pipeline with the Rehden-Hamburg gas pipeline and MIDAL.
- National Transmission System, network throughout the UK.
- Netra, from Emden and Dornum to eastern Germany, connecting North Sea Gas fields to JAGAL.
- OPAL pipeline, a pipeline for connecting the Nord Stream 1 to the existing pipeline grid in Middle and Western Europe.
- Rehden-Hamburg gas pipeline, German pipeline branch of MIDAL supply Hamburg.
- Scotland-Northern Ireland pipeline, from Scotland to Northern Ireland.
- STEGAL, a central German pipeline connecting the JAGAL/Yamal–Europe pipeline and MIDAL
- South Wales Gas Pipeline, from the South Hook LNG terminal to the National Transmission System.
- Trans Austria Gas Pipeline, from Slovak-Austrian border at Baumgarten an der March to the border with Italy.
- Trans Europa Naturgas Pipeline (TENP), German pipeline from the German-Netherlands border near Aachen to the German-Swiss border near Schwörstadt, connects to the Transitgas Pipeline.
- Transitgas Pipeline, in Switzerland.
- West-Austria-Gasleitung
- WEDAL, German pipeline connecting Germany to Belgium network.
Planned pipelines for intereuropean gas transport:
- Baltic Gas Interconnector, (planned). Between Germany, Denmark and Sweden.
- South German natural gas pipeline (planned - cancelled). From Burghausen on the German-Austrian border to Lampertheim.
- Skanled (planned - cancelled). Connecting Norway to Sweden and Denmark.
Supply to Europe
From Africa
All African routes run from Hassi R'Mel the Algerian hub for natural gas, it supplies gas from the Hassi R'Mel gas field. (The planned Trans-Saharan gas pipeline will connect Nigeria to Hassi R’Mel). Pipelines from Hassi R’Mel:
- Greenstream pipeline, from Libya to Italy, part of the Western Libyan Gas Project.
- Maghreb-Europe Gas Pipeline, from Algeria; Tanger, Morocco; Tarifa, Spain.
- Medgaz, from Algeria to Almeria, Spain.
- Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline, from Algeria via Tunisia to Sicily and thence to mainland Italy.
Planned pipeline for gas transport from Africa:
From Azerbaijan and Middle East
Pipelines connect mainly from the Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan. Connections to the Middle East are possible:
- Eastring (proposed), an alternative to the South Stream, via Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary and Slovakia, for transport from the Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and Middle East.[2]
- Southern Gas Corridor, To supply gas also from the Caspian and Middle Eastern regions. Consists of:
- South Caucasus Pipeline, through Turkey to Erzurum. Runs parallel to the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan oil pipeline.
- Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline (TANAP) through Turkey, Greece, Albania to Italy. It is connected with Trans Adriatic Pipeline.
- Trans Adriatic Pipeline, from (Azerbaijan), via Greece, Albania to Italy and further to Western Europe.
- Turkey–Greece pipeline, part of the Interconnector Turkey–Greece–Italy (ITGI)
- Greece-Italy pipeline (proposed), part of the Interconnector Turkey–Greece–Italy (ITGI)
- Qatar-Turkey pipeline (proposed).
- Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline (proposed), eastward extension of Southern Gas Corridor to transport natural gas from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.
- White Stream, (proposed). Connecting the South Caucasus Pipeline, crossing the Black Sea to Constanta, Romania with further supplies to Central Europe.
A lecture was held at The Institute of World Politics to consider the economic and geopolitics of the rival pipelines and what's at stake for the concerned parties, namely TANAP and South Stream's replacement Turkish Stream.[3]
From the North Sea gasfields
- CATS pipeline, from Central North Sea Everest gasfield to Teesside, England.
- Europipe I, from North Sea to Dornum, Germany.
- Europipe II, from Stavanger, Norway to Dornum, Germany.
- FLAGS, between North Sea gas fields.
- Franpipe, from the North Sea (mainly Sleipner gas field) to Dunkirk, France.
- Frigg UK System (FUKA), from the North Sea to St Fergus Gas Terminal, Scotland.
- Fulmar Gas Line, from the central North Sea to St Fergus Gas Terminal, Scotland.
- NOGAT Pipeline System, connects Dutch continental shelf with Den Helder, the Netherlands.
- Norpipe, from Ekofisk gasfield in the North Sea to Emden, Germany.
- SAGE
- SEAL from the Elgin-Franklin gasfield, to Bacton Gas Terminal, England.
- Statpipe, links northern North Sea gas fields with the Norway’s gas export system.
- Tyra West - F3 pipeline, pipeline connecting Danish and Dutch continental shelf pipeline systems to Den Helder.
- Vesterled, from the Heimdal gas field in the North Sea to St Fergus Gas Terminal, Scotland.
- Zeepipe, form North Sea to Zeebrugge, Belgium.
From Russia
Completed pipeline projects:
- Blue Stream, from Russia through the Black Sea to Turkey.
- Gazela Pipeline, through Czech Republic, for Russian gas to Germany.
- MEGAL, from the Czech–German and Austrian–German borders to the German–French border, for transporting Russian Gas to Germany.
- Nord Stream 1 and 2 (North European underwater Gas Pipelines), submarine pipeline from Vyborg in the Russian Federation to Greifswald, Germany.
- Bratstvo pipeline, Progress Pipeline, Soyuz Pipeline (also known in English as the Brotherhood Pipeline, the West-Siberian Pipeline and Trans-Siberian Pipeline). : runs parallel to the Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline
- Yamal-Europe pipeline, from Western Siberia Russia to Germany. Runs partly parallel to the Northern Lights.
- JAGAL
- OPAL
- STORK, Czech-Polish interconnector[4]
Proposed pipelines for gas transport from Russia:
- Nabucco Pipeline (also Turkey–Austria gas pipeline) (planned - canceled). From Erzurum, Turkey through Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary to Baumgarten an der March in Austria.
- South Stream, (planned - canceled). From Russia, through the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Serbia to Italy.
