There are two operating offshore wind farms in the United States, and several more are in permitting or under construction. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management studies potential sites in federal waters for offshore wind energy development and leases sites to developers, who work with state regulatory agencies to interconnect and market their electricity.
Wind farm | Offshore BOEM wind energy lease area | Receiving
states |
Coordinates | Capacity (MW) |
Completion year | Turbines | Developer /Utility |
Regulatory agency | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Block Island Wind | Rhode Island state waters | RI | 41°06′52.96″N 71°31′16.18″W / 41.1147111°N 71.5211611°W | 30 | 2016 | 5 x 6MW Haliade 150 | Ørsted | Rhode Island PUC | [1] [2] | ||
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind - Pilot Project | Offshore Virginia OCS-A 0497[3] |
25 nautical miles east of Cape Henry (VA) | 2,135 acres (864 ha) | VA | 36°53′30″N 75°29′30″W / 36.89167°N 75.49167°W | 12 | 2020 | 2 x 6MW Siemens Gamesa SWT-6.0-154 |
Ørsted Dominion Energy |
Virginia Department of Mines Minerals and Energy | [4] [5] |
The following table lists offshore wind farms that have begun construction in federal waters. Some of these projects have begun delivering power to the grid, with few of their turbines coming online.
Wind farm | Offshore BOEM wind
energy lease area |
Receiving states | Coordinates | Capacity (MW) |
Projected completion | Turbines | Developer | Regulatory agency /Utility |
Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Fork | Massachusetts & Rhode Island OCS-A 0517 (North Lease Area)[6] |
26 nautical miles southeast of Montauk Point, Long Island (NY) & 16.6 nautical miles southeast of Block Island (RI) | 13,700 acres (5,500 ha) | NY | 41°05′31″N 71°18′40″W / 41.092°N 71.311161°W | 132 | 2024 | 12 Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD | Ørsted Global Infrastructure Partners |
NYSERDA | [7] [8] [9] [10] |
Vineyard Wind | Offshore Massachusetts OCS-A 0501[11] [12] |
13 nautical miles southwest of Martha's Vineyard (MA) | 65,296 acres (26,424 ha) | MA | 41°02′00″N 70°37′00″W / 41.03325°N 70.61667°W | 806 | 2024 | 62 13MW GE Haliade-X | Avangrid Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners |
Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities | [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] |
The following table lists offshore wind farm areas (by nameplate capacity) that are in various states development for the Outer Continental Shelf in U.S. territorial waters of the East Coast of the United States,[18] where a Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) wind energy area lease has been secured[19][20] and have gained at least some required regulatory approval before construction can begin. Distances are approximated and generally represent closest point of turbine array to shoreline, while acreage represents size of total lease area, which may be shared, and not the blocks within them allocated for the wind farm.
Projects that have received operations approval from BOEM are highlighted in blue.
Wind farm | Offshore BOEM wind
energy lease area |
Receiving states | Coordinates | Capacity (MW) |
Projected completion | Turbines | Developer | Regulatory agency /Utility |
Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic Shores | Offshore New Jersey OCS-A 0499 (NJWEA North)[21] |
13 nautical miles east of Atlantic City (NJ)[22] | 183,353 acres (74,200 ha) | NJ | 1,510 | 2028 | Vestas V236-15MW | Shell New Energies | NJBPU | [23] [24] [25] | |
Attentive Energy One | Offshore New York/New Jersey OCS-A 0538 |
47 nautical miles southeast of Jones Beach (NY) & 36 nautical miles east of Seaside Heights(NJ) | 84,332 acres (34,128 ha) | NY | 1,404 | 2030 | TotalEnergies,
Rise Light & Power, Corio Generation |
NYSERDA | [26] [27] | ||
Attentive Energy Two | NJ | 1,342 | 2031 | TotalEnergies,
Rise Light & Power, Corio Generation |
NJBPU | [28] | |||||
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind | Offshore Virginia OCS-A 0483[29] |
25 to 35 nautical miles east of Cape Henry (VA) | 112,799 acres (45,648 ha) | VA | 36°54′N 75°23′W / 36.9°N 75.38°W | 2,640 | 2026 | 176 Siemens Gamesa 14-222 DD | Dominion Energy | State Corporation Commission | [4] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] |
Community Offshore Wind | Offshore New York/New Jersey OCS-A 0539 |
49 nautical miles south of NY & 28 nautical miles east of NJ | 125,964 acres (50,976 ha) | NY | 1,314 | 2030 | RWE Offshore Renewables,
National Grid Ventures |
NYSERDA | [36] [27] | ||
Empire Wind 1 | Offshore New York OCS-A 0512 (Hudson North)[37][38] |
12 nautical miles south of Jones Beach, Long Island (NY) | 79,350 acres (32,110 ha) | NY | 40°19′45″N 73°30′28″W / 40.329226°N 73.507861°W | 816 | 2027 | Vestas
V236-15MW |
Equinor |
NYSERDA | [39] [40] [41] [42] |
Excelsior Wind | Offshore New York/New Jersey OCS-A 0544 |
21 nautical miles south of Long Island, NY | 43,056 acres (17,424 ha) | NY | 1,314 | 2030 | Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners | NYSERDA | [43] [27] | ||
Kitty Hawk Wind One | Offshore North Carolina OCS-A 0508[44] |
24 nautical miles east of Corolla (NC) | 122,405 acres (49,536 ha) | NC | 800 | 2026 | TBA | Avangrid Renewables | [45] [46] | ||
Leading Light Wind | Offshore New Jersey OCS-A 0542 |
30 nautical miles east of NJ | NJ | 2,400 | 2031 | Invenergy
energyRE |
NJBPU | [28] | |||
MarWin | Offshore Maryland OCS-A 0490[47] |
26 nautical miles east of Ocean City (MD) | 46,970 acres (19,010 ha) | MD | 300 | 2025 | 22 | US Wind | Maryland PSC | [1] [2] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] | |
Momentum Wind | 808 | 2027 | |||||||||
Revolution Wind | Offshore Rhode Island OCS-A 0486 (North Lease Area)[54] |
halfway between Montauk Point (NY) & Martha's Vineyard (MA) | 83,798 acres (33,912 ha)[55] | RI CT |
704 | 2025 | 64 Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD | Ørsted Global Infrastructure Partners National Grid United Illuminating |
Connecticut DEEP Rhode Island PUC |
[56] [57] [58] | |
Skipjack | Offshore Delaware OCS-A 0519[59] |
16.9 nautical miles from coast of Delaware to Maryland state line | 26,332 acres (10,656 ha)[60] | MD | 38°33′54″N 74°46′44″W / 38.565°N 74.779°W | 966 | 2026 | 80 12MW GE Haliade-X | Ørsted | Maryland PSC | [48] [49] [61] [62] |
Sunrise Wind | Offshore Massachusetts & Rhode Island OCS-A 0487 (North Lease Area)[63] |
26 nautical miles east of Montauk Point, Long Island (NY) & 16.6 nautical miles southeast of Block Island (RI) | 86,823 acres (35,136 ha) | NY | 924 | 2025 | 84 Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD | Ørsted Con Ed Transmission |
NYSERDA | [39] [64] [65] [66] | |
Wilmington East & Wilmington West Wind Farm | Offshore North Carolina
OCS-A 0545 OCS-A 0546 |
20 nautical miles southeast of Southport, North Carolina | NC | 2,250 | TBA | TotalEnergy Renewables USA | [67] [68] [69] |
In October 2021, the Biden administration approved the initiation of mapping out potential lease areas along the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico coasts.[70] In March 2022, five areas off the coast of California were defined for lease.[71] An auction in December 2022 leased the areas for a total of $757 million.[72]
Wind farm | Offshore BOEM wind energy lease area | Receiving state | Coordinates | Capacity (MW) |
Projected completion | Turbines | Developer /Utility |
Regulatory agency | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TBA | Offshore Northern California
OCS-P 0561 |
63,338 acres (25,632 ha) | CA | RWE Offshore Wind Holdings | [72] | ||||||
TBA | Offshore Northern California
OCS-P 0562 |
69,031 acres (27,936 ha) | CA | California North Floating | [72] | ||||||
TBA | Offshore Central California
OCS-P 0563 |
80,062 acres (32,400 ha) | CA | Equinor Wind US | [72] | ||||||
TBA | Offshore Northern California
OCS-P 0564 |
80,418 acres (32,544 ha) | CA | Central California Offshore Wind | [72] | ||||||
TBA | Offshore Northern California
OCS-P 0565 |
80,418 acres (32,544 ha) | CA | Invenergy California Offshore | [72] |