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The Shan states

The Shan State, a state of Myanmar (also known as Burma), was once made up of a large number of traditional monarchies or fiefdoms. These are collectively known as Shan States.

Ranks of rulers

Three ranks of chiefs were recognized by the King of Burma and later by the British administration. These ranks were:

  1. Saopha (Shan for king or chieftain) or Sawbwa (in Burmese)
  2. Myosa (Myoza), "duke" or chief of town.
  3. Ngwegunhmu, silver revenue chief.

Hierarchy and precedence

The distinction in the titles dates from the days of the Burmese monarchy although the same states have not continued to hold the same titles for their chiefs during the centuries -- changes took place according to royal favour, results of battles and later, the decisions of the British authorities. The privileges and titles were so much a matter of royal ordinance that every one of a Sawbwa's symbols of power was laid down in a special book of dispensations granted by the higher court. His regalia and clothes, the guilding and jewel decoration of betel boxes, spittoons, fly-whisks and such articles of use, the dress of ministers, the umbrellas, spears and horses in procession, the caparisoning of the royal elephant, the instruments for processional music, the gateways and the style of residence, all were rigidly prescribed to ensure that the dignity kept up accordance with the status of a royal chieftain, yet did not encroach on the special privileges reserved for the court of Ava itself. The British, whose success in administration was largely bound up with observance, of precedence in a hierarchy, listed states also as Sawbaships, Myosaships and Ngwegunhmuships.

The following lists the Sawbwas in order of the precedence, at the time of the British annexation of the Shan States.

State Area (sq. mi) Classical name Notes
Sawbwas
Kengtung 12,400 Khemaraṭṭha
Hsipaw 4,524 Duṭṭhavatī
Mongnai 2,717 Saturambha/Nandapwa
Yawnghwe 1,392 Kambojaraṭṭha
Tawngpeng 800 Pappatasara
South Hsenwi 2,400 Siwirata or Kawsampi Also known as Mongyai
North Hsenwi 6,330 Siwirata or Kawsampi
Mongmit 3,733 Gandhalaraṭṭha
Mongpai 730
Lawksawk 2,362 Kambojaraṭṭha
Laikha 1,560 Hansawadi
Mawkmai 2,557 Lawkawadi
Mongpan 2,988 Dhannawadi
Mongpawn 366 Rajjawadi
Manglun Jambularaṭṭha
Kantarawadi 3,015
Samka 314
Mongkung 1,593 Lankawadi
Mongkawng Udigirirata Kingdom of Nora(Mogaung)
Mongyang Ahluwipurata
Myosas
Nawngwawn 28 Pokkharawadi Amalgamated with Mong Pawn, 1931
Mongnawng 1,646 Nandawadi
Mongsit
Kehsi-bansam 551
Mawnang Amalgamated with Hsamongkham, 1934
Loilong (Pinlaung) 1,098
Hsahtung 471
Wanyin 219
Hopong 212
Namkhok 108 Amalgamated with Mong Pawn, 1931
Sakoi 82
Mongshu 470 Hansawadi
Kenglun 54 Amalgamated with Kehsh Bansam, 1926
Bawlake 565
Kyetbogyi 700
Hsamongkham 449
Baw 741
Pwehla 178
Ngwegunhmus
Yengan (Ywangan) 359
Pangtara (Pindaya) 86
Pangmi 30
Loi-ai 156 Amalgamated with Hsamongkham, 1930
Kyaukku 76 Amalgamated with Pwehla, 1928
Loimaw 48 Amalgamated with Yawnghwe, 1928
Kyone 24
Namtok 14 Amalgamated with Loilong, 1931

Shan states

Maw (Baw)

Last Sawbwa – Sao Hkun Aung

Hopong (Hopon)

Rulers (title Ngwegunhmu)

Rulers (title Myoza)

Hsahtung (Thaton)

Hsamönghkam (Thamaingkan)

Founded before 1700 and under a Myosa, its known rulers were:

Last – Sao Htun Aye aka. Aungban Sawbwa

Hsawnghsup (Thaungdut)

Founded before 1858 under a Saopha, it ceased to exist in 1893. The rulers were:

Saophas :


Hsenwi (Theinni)

Hsenwi sets its legendary foundation before 650. It was ruled by a Saopha and ceased to exist in March 1888, when it was split into North Hsenwi and South Hsenwi. The rulers were:

1) Hkun Lu Hkam 825-845
2) Hkun Lai Hkam 845-915 (bro)
3) Sao Tai Hkan Hpa 915-952
4) Sao Tai Pong 952-975
5) Sao Tai Long 975-1019
6) Sao Noi Hkè 1019-1028
7) Sao Noi Myen 1028-1076
8) Sao Noi Hsan 1076-1096
9) Hkun Hpang Hkam (Ai Hsawng) 1096-1127 (younger bro Yi Hsawng was Mongmit sawbwa and Hsam Hsawng was Monglong sawbwa)
10) Hkun Kang Hkam (North Hsenwi chronicle told this birth name of Hso Hkan Hpa) 1127-1152
11) Hso Hkan Hpa 1152-?
12) Hso Wat Hpa ?-1232
13) Hso Pem Hpa 1232-1255 (son)
14) Hkam Wat Hpa 1255-1274 (son)
15) Hso Hom Hpa 1274-1291 (bro)
16) Hso Yep Hpa 1291-1302
17) Hso Hom Hpa 1302-1320 (son of Hkam Wat Hpa)
18) Hkam Tet Hpa 1320-1356 (son)
19) Hkam Pem Hpa 1356-1369
20) Hkam Pöt Hpa 1369-1405
21) Hkam Hkai Hpa 1405-1426 (Pagan Kingdom invaded Hsenwi)
22) Hkam Hawt Hpa 1426-1444
23) Hkam Wat Hpa 1444-1459
24) Hkam Hep Hpa 1459-1522
25) Hkam Hsen Hpa 1522-1532
26) Hkam Hken Hpa 1532-1537
27) Hkam Pak Hpa 1537-1541
28) Hkam Hsen Löng Hpa 1541-1570
29) Hkam Hküng Hpa 1570-1632 (subjugation of Hsenwi Löng by Hso Hung Hpa Mong Mit sawbwa)
30) Hkam Hso Nan Hpa 1632-1640
31) Hkam Kai Noi Sao Kin (Hso Hsen Hpa) 1640-1651 (Have Hso Hung Hpa his son, Nang Hkam Höng his daught)
32) Hkam Hso Hung Hpa 1651-1680 (son)
33) Hso Sün Hpa 1680-1686
34) Hso Hüng Hpa (Hkam Li, Hso Naw Hpa) 1686-1721
35) Han Hpa Hko Hkam Höng 1721-1724
36) Hpawng Mawng Löng Hsunt Wat 1724-1730
37) Hkam Hsawng Hpa 1730-1746
38) Hkun Hseng Höng 1746-1750 (married with Nang Hseng Pu, the niece of Hke Sa Wa, Yawnghwe sawbwa)
39) Sao Mang Te 1750-1761 (bro)
40) Hkun Hseng Awng Tun 1761-1767
41) Myauk Win Hmu 1767-1770
42) Sayawaddy Wun 1770-1772
43) Set-taw Wun 1772-1773
44) U Têng Pöng Nya 1773-1776
Vacant 1776-1778
45) Hso Wei Hpa (Hswe Kön Cheng) 1778-1800 (his two daughters, Hseng Santa and Shin Hsansi became King Badon's queen consort)
46) Hso Kaw Hpa 1800-1815
47) Mogaung Wun 1815-1819
48) Sao Naw Möng 1819-1821
49) Hkun Hkam Hkawt 1821-1824
50) Sao Hkam Pak 1824-1827 (killed in first Burmese war)
51) Sao Hkam Nan 1827-1831 (bro)
52) Sao Hkun Mawng 1831-1838
53) Sao Hkam Lêng (Hso Hkan Hpa) 1838-1845
54) Hso Naw Hpa 1845-1853 1st time
55) Hso Nan Hpa 1853-1856
56) Sikkè Sinkadan 1856-1858
57) Sao Hpa Möng Hpo 1858-1860 1st time
58) Phagyi Wun 1860-1861
57) Sao Hpa Möng Hpo 1861-1862 2nd time
59) Bo Maü 1862-1863
57) Sao Hpa Möng Hpo 1863-1864 3rd time
60) Shwe Pyi Bo 1864-1866
61) U Ma Nga 1866-1867
54) Hso Naw Hpa 1867-1869 2nd time 2nd
62) Wundauk U Shwe Kyo 1869-1870 1st time
63) Sikkè U San Min 1870-1871
62) Wundauk U Shwe Kyo 1871-1873 2nd time
64) Win Hmu 1873-1874 54) Hso Naw Hpa 1874-1875 3rd time
65) Natsu Letya 1875-1876
54) Hso Naw Hpa 1876-1879 4th time (retired to Möng Sit in 1879)
66) Hkun Hsang Tön Höng 1879

North Hsenwi

Created in March 1888 from Hsenwi state. the main state was split into two, North and South Hsenwi.

South Hsenwi

Created in March 1888 by the splitting of the Hsenwi state. The state is also known as Mong Yai. The rulers were:

Hsihkip (Thigyit)

Founded before 600, it ceased to exist in 1886, when it was incorporated into Yawnghwe. It was ruled by a Myosa and the rulers were:

Hsipaw (Thibaw)

Founded, according to legend, in 58 BC, it was ruled by a Saopha. Its formal name was Dutawadi. For the state capital see Thibaw.

First saopha came from Möng Mao start ruled since 58 BC, Hsipaw had 84 saophas in list (one saopha Sao Kya Hkeng (Sao Hkun Hseng) ruled 2 term, so they have 85 numbers of saophas in list) that seems the oldies city in Shan State

The Princes of Hsipaw had the title of 'Saopha'.[citation needed] The following lists all rulers of Hsipaw State, along with their relationship to the prior ruler(s).[1][verification needed] From the mid-1880s to 1922, the territory was a British protectorate as part of the Shan States (within British Burma in the wider British India), and from 1922 to 1948 as part of the Federated Shan States. As a British possession, the ruler of Hsipaw State was entitled to a nine-gun salute.

Saophas :

  1. Sao Hkun Hkam Naw 58BC–23BC
  2. Sao Hkun Hkam Kaw 23BC–10AD son
  3. Sao Hkam Kawt 10–36 son
  4. Sao Hkam Htawt 36–72 brother
  5. Sao Hkam Möng 72–110 son
  6. Sao Hkam Ung 110–127 brother
  7. Sao Hkam Sung 127–171 brother
  8. Sao Hkam Kio 171–207 son
  9. Paw Ai Phyao 207–237 Amat
  10. Paw Pan Süng 237–237 son
  11. Hso Hom Hpa 237–257 son of Sao Sam Mya of Mao Löng
  12. Hso Waep Hpa 257–309 son
  13. Hso Het Hpa 309–347 son
  14. Hso Gam Hpa 347–380 uncle
  15. Hso Karm Hpa 380–420 son
  16. Hso Pat Hpa 420–465 brother
  17. Hso Hap Hpa 465–501 brother
  18. Hso Pik Hpa 501–517 son
  19. Hso Powt Hpa 517–552 brother
  20. Hso Klip Hpa 552–574 nephew
  21. Hso Peng Hpa 574–608 brother
  22. Hso Kern Hpa 608–640 son
  23. Hso Poeng Hpa 640–687 brother
  24. Hso Pek Hpa 687–711 brother
  25. Hso Poum Hpa 711–739 brother
  26. Hso Soup Hpa 739–761 son
  27. Hso Hung Hpa 761–797 son
  28. Hso Oum Hpa 797–815 son
  29. Hso Hat Hpa 815–860 son
  30. Hso Kat Hpa 860–897 son
  31. Hso Tam Hpa 897–912 son
  32. Hso Tap Hpa 912–947 brother
  33. Hso Hkan Hpa 947–954 son
  34. Hso Pung Hpa 954–994 brother
  35. Hso Mawk Hpa 994–1022 son
  36. Hso Soum Hpa 1022–1028 son
  37. Hso Sam Hpa 1028–1064 son
  38. Hso Hit Hpa 1064–1086 nephew
  39. Hso Hueng Hpa 1086–1119 son
  40. Hso Hsu Hpa 1119–1137 son
  41. Hso Hsawng Hpa 1137–1205 son
  42. Sao Hkun Hso 1160–1205 son
  43. Sawn Mawng Hawna 1205–1228 brother
  44. Hso Hkayeik Hpa 1228–1276 son
  45. Sao Hkun Pe 1276–1324 cousin
  46. Hkun Kyaw Awng 1324–1367 brother
  47. Hkun Kyaw Nwe 1367–1401 son
  48. Hso Kyaung Hpa 1401–1423 son
  49. Sao Loi San Hpa 1423–1438 nephew
  50. Hso Yap Hpa 1438–1448 cousin
  51. Hso Ham Hpa 1448–1454 son
  52. Hso Moew Hpa 1454–1461 brother
  53. Hso Wip Hpa 1461–1471 brother
  54. Hso Piam Hpa 1471–1479 son
  55. Hso Haw Hpa 1479–1487 brother
  56. Hso Sam Hpa 1487–1519 brother
  57. Sao Hkun Mawng 1519–1542 son
  58. Hso Hom Hpa 1542–1549 brother
  59. Hso Paw Hpa 1549–1557 son of Hso Pak Hpa of Mong Nai
  60. Hso Yuew Hpa 1557–1557 son of Hso Hom Hpa
  61. Hso Pak Hpa from Mong Nai 1557–1557 son of Sao Hkun Mawng
  62. Hso Dwawt Hpa 1557–1565 son of Hso Yuew Hpa
  63. Hso Hkai Hpa 1565–1584 son
  64. Hso Kaw Hpa 1584–1597 son of Sao Hkun Mawng
  65. Sao Hkam Leng 1597–1636 son
  66. Sao Hswe Hking 1636–1655 son
  67. Hso Woew Hpa 1655–1675 son
  68. Hso Wei Hpa 1675–1702 son
  69. Sao Okka Wara 1702–1714 brother
  70. Sao Okka Zeya 1714–1718 brother
  71. Sao Sam Myo 1718–1722 brother
  72. Sao Hkun Neng 1722–1752 brother
  73. Sao Sawra Yawta 1752–1767 son of Okka Wara
  74. Sao Myat Hsan Te 1767–1788 son
  75. Sao Hswe Kya 1788–1809 son
  76. Hkun Hkwi 1809–1843 son
  77. Hkun Paw 1843–1853 brother
  78. Sao Kya Htun 1853–1858 son of Sao Hswe Kya
  79. Hkun Myat Than 1858–1866 brother
  80. Sao Kya Hkeng 1st reign 1866–1882 (Sao Hkun Hseng deposed 1882–86) (d. 1902) son of Sao Kya Htun
  81. Sao Hlaing Pa 1882–1886 son of King Mindon Min
  82. Sao Kya Hkeng (Sao Hkun Hseng) 2nd reign Mar 1886–8 May 1902
  83. Sao Hkun Hke (b. 1872 – d. 1928) (from 2 Jan 1928, Sir Sao Hke) 8 May 1902–May 1928 son
  84. Sao Ohn Kya (b. 1893 – d. 1938) 1928–Jul 1938 son
    Under direct administration of British India (1938–1947)
  85. Sao Kya Hseng (b. 1924 – d. 1962) 1947–1959 son[1]

Kalay

The state established on 3 February 966 by Nyaung-u Sawrahan King of Pagan ညောင်ဦး စောရဟန်း

Saophas :

Kehsi Mansam (Kyithi Bansan)

Kengcheng (Kyaingchaing)

Kenghkam (Kyaingkan)

Myosas:

Kenglön (Kyainglon)

Myosas:

Kengtung (Kyaingtong)

For the state capital see Kengtung.

Kokang

Ruled and founded by the Yang dynasty, it was founded in 1739 by Yang Shien Tsai, Chief of Shin Da Hu. Later his successor Yang Wei Shin expanded his territory and renamed it Kho Kan Shan. Yang Yon Gen then finally renamed it to Kokang. The first 2 reigned as chiefs, the 3rd assumed the title of Heng which was to be held until Yang Chun Yon assumed the Myosa title. Colonel Sao Yang Wen Pin assumed the title of Saopha, after the British recognised Kokang in 1947 as a state for services in the Second World War; it lasted until the state ceased to exist in 1959. The rulers were:

Kyawkku Hsiwan (Kyaukku)

Ngwegunhmus:

Laihka (Lègya)

Saophas:

2nd time (son of Sao Hkam Löng)

Lawksawk (Yatsauk)

Saophas :

Loi-ai (Lwe-e)

Ngwegunhmus

Loilong (Lwelong) Loilong (Pinlaung)

Ngwegunhmus

Myosas

Loimaw (Lwemaw)

Ngwegunhmus:

Manglon

Saophas (sawbwas):

Monghsu

Monglin

Saopha of Monglin

Mongleam

Saopha of MongLeam Sao Mwamp Fa

Möng Mao (Muang Mao Lông)

The various versions of the Möng Mao Chronicle provide the lineage of Möng Mao rulers. The Shan chronicle tradition, recorded very early by Elias (1876), provides a long list with the first ruler of Möng Mao dating from 568 A.D

Saophas:

(His younger brother Fu San Kang (Hpo San Kang) became the saopha of Möngmit)

He was the one of descendants from the saopha of Maing-Nyaung

(He has younger brother name's Sam Lung Kung Maing (Sam Lung Hpa) became the saopha of Möngkawng)

(He established the present of the city located)

Vacant 1330-1339

Vacant 1445-1448

Mongtorm

Myosa

Mawkmai (Maukme)

Saophas:

Mawnang (Bawnin)

Myosas

Mawsön (Bawzaing)

Ngwegunhmus:

Möngkawng (Mogaung)

Mong kong Mong Yawng (1st-Möngkawng) is situated in Hukawng valley, near the Uyu river. Some Tai Leng manuscripts, also, mention about the establishment of Bein Kawng (2nd-Möngkawng) on the west bank of Nam Kawng, near the Kaming but lists of Saophas has not given. 3rd-Möngkawng is situated at a distance of about 9 miles from Mogaung.

Saophas:

born at Ava's palace

Vacant 1777–1785

Myowuns: Most of them (except Maha Nanda Raza the Saopha of Thonze) were burmese

Mongkung

Myosa

Möngleng (Mohlaing)

Myosas:

Mönglong

Myosas

Möngmit (Momeik)

Saophas:

Mong Nai (Monè)

Saophas:

1312–1339: Hkun Hkue son of King Mangrai
1339–1364: Ngoen Hkaing Hpa (son of Hkun Hkue)
1364–1384: Ngoen Hkoen Hpa (son of Ngoen Hkaing Hpa)
1384–1404: Ngoen Hom Hpa (son of Ngoen Hkoen Hpa)
1404–1434: Ngoen Haw Hpa (son of Ngoen Hom Hpa)
1434–1472: Ngoen Pawng Hpa (son of Ngoen Haw Hpa)
1472–1479: Ngoen Kaw Hpa (son of Ngoen Pawng Hpa)
1479–1492: Ngoen Yawk Hpa (son of Ngoen Kaw Hpa)
1492–1516: Ngeon Htao Hpa (son of Ngoen Yawk Hpa)
1516–1542: Vacant
1542–1567: Hso Pak Hpa (son of Sao Hkun Mawng of Hsipaw State)
1567–1599: Hso Piam Hpa (son of Hso Pak Hpa)
1599–1620: Hso Yew Hpa (son of Hso Piam Hpa)
1620–1631: Sao Möng Hkam (son of Kanh Ham Hpa of Yawnghwe)
1631–1675: Sao Hla Hkam (son of Sao Piam Hpa of Mongmit)
1675–1678: Sao Kyam Hkam (son of Sao Hla Hkam)
1678–1704: Hso Hom Hpa (son of Sao Kyam Hkam)
1704–1728: Hkun Arn Hpa (son of Hso Hom Hpa)
1728–1746: Hso Hkam Hpa (son of Hkun Arn Hpa)
1746–1772: Hkam Naw Hpa burmese called Shwe Myat Noe (son of Sao Hso Hkam)
1772–1790: Hkam Kaw Hpa burmese called Shwe Myat Kyaw (son of Shwe Myat Noe)
1790–1811: Hkun Shwe Wa (son of Shwe Myat Kyaw)
1811–1842: Hkun Hsen Kyung (son of Sao Maha Hpom Saopha of Kyaingtong)
1842–1852: Hkun Nu Nom (son of Hkun Kyung)
1852–1875: Hkun Hpo On (son of Hkun Nu Nom)
1875–1882: Hkun Kyi (1st time) the uncle of Hkun Hpo On
1882–1888: Twet Nga Lu (usurper) (d. 1888)
1888–1914: Hkun Kyi (2nd time) the uncle of Hkun Hpo On
6 May 1914 – 1928: Hkun Kyaw Sam
1928–1949: Hkun Kyaw Haw Hkam
1949–1958: Sao Pyea (last Saopha of Mone')

Mongnawng

Myosas:

Mong Pai (Mobye)

Saophas:

1526 - 1541 Vacant

30 Dec 1907 - 26 May 1908 Vacant

Möngpan

Myosas:

Saophas

Mong Pawn (Maing Pun)

Myosas:

Saophas:

Möngping (Maingpyin)

After 1842 this state was occupied by Lawksawk.

Rulers :

Möngsit (Maingseik)

Myosas

Möngtung (Maington)

This state was occupied by Hsenwi between 1886 and 1888.

Myosas:

Möngyang (Mohnyin)

State existed before 1400 and after 1604.

Saophas:

Myowuns

Under the Konbaung dynasty the area of the former state was administered by a Viceroy called a Myowun, who was appointed by the king and possessed civil, judicial, fiscal and military powers.[4]

Möngyawng

Myosas:

Namhkai (Nanke)

Ngwegunhmus:

Namhkok (Nankok)

Myosas: ....–.... ....

Namhkom (Nankon)

Rulers: ....–.... ....

Namtok (Nantok)

Rulers:

Ngegunhmus:

Namkhok-Nawngwawn

Sao Tun Yean WW2 Sao Noi Nyin

Panglawng

Pangmi

Sao Khun Min

Pangtara (Pindara)

Ngwegunhmus:

Poila (Pwehla)

Myosas: Khun Soe Min

Sakoi

Myosas:

Samka

Myosas:

Saophas (Kyamine-prince):

Tawngpeng

Saophas:

Wanmaw (Bhamo)

Saophas

Myowuns:

Wanyin (Banyin)

Rulers:

Myosas:

Waing Hso (Wynn Tho)

Saophas:

Yawnghwe (Nyaungshwe)

The formal and the ritual name of the state was Kambosarattha, in short term Kanbawza. The rulers full titular style was Kambawsarahta Thiri Pawaramahawuntha Thudamaraza. For the state capital see Nyaung Shwe.

Saophas

1st

Yengan (Ywangan)

Ngwegunhmus:

Hkam Ti (Zinkaling)

Saophas:

Koshanpye

Gengma

The origin name is Sinthunath meaning the site person find the white horse everyone called Mong Kying Keng Hkam meaning the site located of jewelry and golden

the ethnic is Tai and Wa, Tai people emigrated from Mong Mao Long since 14 century they took the tradition and culture from Mong Mao come to here and the Wa ethnic they live on a high mountain and have there personal language.

Saophas :

1) Hkam Chuea Hpa 1397－1452
2) Hkam Kyoeng Hpa (Hkam Hso) 1452－1472 son
3) Hkam Piam Hpa (Hkam Piam) 1472－1502 son
4) Hkam Zin Hpa (Hkam Ching) 1503－1557 son
5) Hkam Phing Hpa 1557－1601 son
6) Hkam Moen Hpa 1601－1614 son
7) Hkam Ming Hpa 1614－1633 bro
8) Nang Xiao Li 1633－1659 regent, wife of Hkam Ming Hpa son
9) Hkam Mai Hpa 1659－1693 son
10) Hkam Chawng Hpa 1693－1699 son
11) Hkam Sang Hpa 1700－1732 son
12) Hkam Kai Hpa 1732－1765 son
13) Hkam Kang Hpa 1765－1771 regent, bro
14) Hkam Chai Hpa (Hkam Chuan Hpa) 1771－1803 1st son
15) Hkam Yan Chao 1803－1808 3rd son
16) Hkam Kyang Hpa 1808－1820 son
17) Hkam Htiet Hpa 1820－1825 2nd bro of Hkam Yan Chao
18) Shamawali 1825－1836 regent mother of Hkam Yan Chao
19) Hkam Earn Phai 1836－1851 nephew of Hkam Yan Chao
20) Hkam Earn Hso 1852－1858 bro
21) Hkam Long Chang 1858－1897 2nd son
22) Hkam Fu Hpa 1897－1915 son
23) Hkam Kaw Hpa 1915－1933 son
24) Hkam Chi Hpa 1933－1950 5th bro

Möng Mao (Muang Mao Lông)

The various versions of the Möng Mao Chronicle provide the lineage of Möng Mao rulers. The Shan chronicle tradition, recorded very early by Elias (1876), provides a long list with the first ruler of Möng Mao dating from 568 A.D

Saophas:

(His younger brother Fu San Kang (Hpo San Kang) became the saopha of Möngmit)

He was the one of descendants from the saopha of Maing-Nyaung

(He has younger brother name's Sam Lung Kung Maing (Sam Lung Hpa) became the saopha of Möngkawng)

(He established the present of the city located)

Vacant 1330-1339

Vacant 1445-1448

Mong Htung, Mong Tong

Established in 1407 by Thao Kying Hpa from Möng Hkang the site biside in the northeast of Möng Hkang around 50 km., the first saopha gave tribute to Ming Dynasty and then 23 saophas descendant among 542 years during 1407-1949

1) Thao Kying Hpa 1407-1420 from Möng Hkang
2) Thao Kying Sawng Hpa 1420-1440 (bro)
3) Thao Kying Sang Hpa 1440-1456 (bro)
4) Kying Pan Hpa 1456-1485 (son of Thao Kying Hpa)
5) Kying Long Hpa 1485-1501 (son)
6) Kying Kyua Hpa 1501-1529 (son)
7) Kying Htao Hpa 1529-1547 (son)
8) Kying Kyoeng Hpa 1547-1557 (bro)
9) Kying Hsawng Hpa 1557-1570 (bro)
10) Kying Klua Hpa (Kying Hkoe Tai) 1570-1600 (son of Kying Htao Hpa)
11) Kying Xoeng Hpa 1600-1625 (son)
12) Kying Hung Mong 1625-1647 (son)
13) Kying Woew Hpa 1647-1656 (bro)
14) Kying Wawng Mong 1656-1670 (bro)
15) Kying Htiaw Hpa 1670-1684 (son)
16) Kying Fu Hpa 1684-1700 (bro)
17) Kying Suang Hpa 1700-1721 (bro)
18) Kying Kyai Pang 1721-1758 (son)
19) Kying Ching Chang 1758-1800 (son)
20) Kying Ching Kyaw 1800-1837 (son)
21) Kying Fung Hpa 1837-1889 (son)
22) Kying Wing Hpa 1889-1911 (son)
23) Kying Shan Hpa 1911-1949 (son)

Mong Hkang

The origin name called Mong Hseng The saophas lineage from Sao Sheng Tai from Nyaung Hsè Mong Hkang have 21 saophas since 1355-1906

Saophas :

1) Thao Muen Hpa 1355-1368
2) Nawng Powt Hpa 1368-1390 (son)
3) Nawng Hseng Hpa 1390-1410 (son)
4) Thao Muan Hpa 1410-1418 (bro)
5) Thao Muen Wak Hpa 1418-1465 son of Nawng Kwang
6) Thao Muen Kya Hpa 1465-1530 (son)
7) Thao Muen Kyuang Hpa 1530-1555
8) Thao Muen Kying Hpa 1555-1583
9) Thao Muen Earn Hpa 1583-1612 (bro)
Vacant 1612-1621
10) Thao Muen Kyueng Hpa 1621-1656 (son)
11) Thao Muen Tan Hpa 1656-1698 (son)
12) Thao Muen Kyoen Hpa 1698-1726
13) Thao Muen Ting Hpa 1726-1778
14) Thao Muen Kyian Hpa 1778-1789
15) Thao Muen Choeun Hpa 1789-1796 (bro)
16) Thao Muen Chi Hpa 1796-1821 (son)
17) Thao Muen Khuea Chang 1822-1861 (son)
18) Thao Muen Choung Hpa 1861-1873 (son)
19) Thao Muen Kyoong Hpa 1878-1890 (bro)
20) Thao Muen Chung Hpa 1890-1891 (son)
21) Thao Muen Ching Hpa 1891-1906 (bro)

Mong Myen (Möngmyen)

The Saopha of Mong Myen system began in 1385, with the first Saopha being a descendant of the Mäo Long migrating group. At present, it is the district of Mong Myen. Lahu Wa Autonomous Region Shuangjiang, Linchang Province, Yunnan State, China (in ancient times was the kingdom of the Tai Yai people), there are 25 Saophas in total as follows:

Saophas:

Mong Lem (Mönglem)

Prince Mönglem Luang Haw Hkam system started in 1289 Fifty-one six-billed Thai era The first Saopha, known as Sao Hkam Pak Hpa, was of Tai descent from Mäo Long who migrated to the south and asked for land from the Wa people. indigenous people Sao Hkam Pak Hpa offered a large number of cattle and buffaloes to beg for the daughter of Mang Sam Thao. The head of the Wa clan in Mangloen Township became a goddess. And it has become customary for the prince Mönglem to marry a Wa woman from Möng Mangloen There were 28 Saophas in Mönglem as follows:

Saophas:

Mong Hkawn

Möng Hkawn မန်စီ (မိုးဟွမ်)

Before 1443 this area have an informal Tai leader to ruled the area

In 1443 Emperor Yingzong of Ming established the first saopha he gave Möng Ban and Möng Ya beside Nu river to combined together with Mong Hkawn, in 1591 Fang Kawn Hpa the 5th saopha assasinated by Yue Feng the revolte's leader but the revolte suppressed down by General. Lui Dadao of Ming dynasty and established Fang Wei Hpa, the younger brother of Fang Kawn Hpa to be the ruler continued there lineages

Saophas :

1) Fang Htin Chang 1443-1459
Vacant 1459-1465
2) Fang Kyan Hpa 1465-1487
Vacant 1487-1506
3) Fang Kloe Hpa 1506-1518
Vacant 1518-1523
4) Fang Fu Hpa 1523-1573
5) Fang Kawn Hpa 1573-1592 (son of Fang Fu Hpa, assasinated by Yue Feng the revolted's leader)
6) Fang Wei Hpa 1592-1595 (younger brother of Fang Kawn Hpa, established by General Lui Dadao from Ming Dynasty)
Vacant 1595-1596
7) Fang Phon Hpa 1596-1639 (2nd son of Fang Wei Hpa)
Vacant 1639-1640
8) Fang Htoen Hpa 1640-1647 (son of Fang Phon Hpa, kinnaped by burmese troop in 1647)
Vacant 1647-1648
9) Fang Kang Hpa 1648-1658 (son of Fang Htoen Hpa)
Vacant 1658-1661
10) Fang Arb Hpa 1661-1664 (son of Fang Kang Hpa)
Vacant 1664-1668
11) Fang Htien Tien 1668-1673 (son of Fang Kang Hpa)
12) Fang Hmi Kaeo 1673-1685 (son of Fang Arb Hpa)
13) Fang Hmi Hkoeng 1685-1694 (younger brother of Fang Hmi Kaeo)
Vacant 1694-1696
14) Fang Htiet Hpa 1696-1713 (son of Fang Hmi Hkoeng)
Vacant 1713-1716
15) Fang Woen Hpa 1716-1738 (1st son of Fang Htiet Hpa)
Vacant 1738-1741
16) Fang Suan Hpa 1741-1770 (son of Fang Woen Hpa) 1st time
Vacant 1770-1771
17) Fang Ngoen Chang 1771-1772 (suicided hanged himself)
18) Fang Suan Hpa 1772-1774 2nd time
19) Fang Waep Hpa 1774-1796 (second son of Fang Suan Hpa)
Vacant 1796-1798
20) Fang Hso Kyaung 1798-1816 (son of Fang Waep Hpa)
21) Fang Vien Hpa 1816-1821 (killed by the revolt)
22) Fang Hso Hao 1821-1826 (the cousin of Fang Xing Hpa)
23) Fang Choen Hpa 1826-1849 (first son of Fang Vien Hpa)
24) Fang Chuen Hpa 1849-1858 (younger brother of Fang Choen Hpa)
Vacant 1858-1875
25) Fang Ching Luu 1875-1877 (1st son of Fang Chuen Hpa)
Vacant 1877-1879
26) Fang Ching Chang 1879-1889 (younger brother of Fang Chuen Hpa)
27) Fang Ching Yung 1889-1889 (younger brother of Fang Ching Chang)
28) Fang Chang Ngue 1889-1910 (son of Fang Ching Liu)
29) Fang Hkue Mawng 1910-1931 (son of Fang Chang Ngue)
Vacant 1931-1933
30) Fang Vien Lung 1933-1936 (son of Fang Hkue Mawng)
31) Fang Hkue Hkwan 1936-1953 (3rd son of Fang Chang Ngue)
32) Fang Hkue Chang 1944-1948 (4th son of Fang Chang Ngue, he moved to be saopha of Mong Mao
33) Fang Vieng Rung 1948-1955 (5th son of Fang Chang Ngue, he ruled Mong Hkawn together with Fang Hua Rung since 1953-1955)
34) Fang Hua Rung 1953-1955 (last saopha) younger brother of Fang Yue Hpa

Möng Wan

Möng Wan was a Tai community for thousands of years. The city's name means city of the sun. The official saopha was established in the year 1384 came from the city of Möng Mao (Muang Mao Lông). In 1441, the saopha clan was overthrown by Kawng Chai, a local Shan people. and established himself as saopha from the line of Kawng Chai, with 34 saophas inherited from the reigns

Saophas :

1) Hso Lun Hpa 1384-?
2) Hso Ching Hpa (son)
3) Hso Vien Hpa (younger brother) ?-1442 d.1446
4) Hso Chi Hpa 1442-1443 (captured in 1450) d. 1454
5) Hso Hsao Hpa
6) Hso Thao Tian Hpa
7) Kawng Chai 1444-1446 the local Tai people made coup état to the descendants royal from Möng Mao and established himself to be saopha instead the original lineage
8) Thao Tian Hpa 1446-?
9) Thao Wei Möng (son) ?-1483
10) Thao Xueng Hpa (son) 1483-1509
11) Thao Gan Hpa 1509-1529
12) Thao Kying Hpa 1529-1567
13) Thao Htao Kyaw 1567-1583
14) Thao Chin Nin 1583-1588
15) Thao Kyaung Hpa 1588-1599
16) Thao Hso Choen Hpa 1599-1602
17) Thao Ein Hpa 1602-1607
18) Thao In Hpa 1607-1649
19) Thao Ching Hpa 1649-1660
20) Thao Chu Hpa 1660-1672
21) Thao Kyaw Hpa 1672-1697
22) Thao Chan Hpa 1697-1722
23) Thao Yap Hpa 1722-1738
24) Thao Yuew Hpa 1738-1755
25) Thao Kyoen Hpa 1755-1775
26) Thao Yen Hpa 1775-1782
27) Thao Yoew Hpa 1782-1819
28) Thao Htap Hpa 1819-1844
29) Thao Kyang Hpa 1844-1869
30) Thao Wout Hpa 1869-1878
31) Thao Hsam Hpa 1878-1889
32) Thao Kyueng Hpa 1889-1906
33) Thao Kya Hpa 1906-1936
34) Thao Yanda 1936-1958

Huasa

Tai people here called Sang Ti they called Suan Oo Yen Para Pen Kyao means the blossom garden that the Buddhist ever stay here.

The first rulers came from Sichuan name Hlaing Low Yi he objected by Emperor Yingzong of Ming with the title Hlaing

They have 23 rulers during 1443-1951

Saophas :

1) Hlaing Low Yi 1443-1467
2) Hlaing Ei 1467-1490 son
3) Hlaing Hkam 1490-1511 son
4) Hlaing Möng Nawng 1511-1545 son
5) Hlaing Kyoeng 1545-1561 son
6) Hlaing Hao 1561-1576 son
7) Hlaing Han Gao 1576-1618 son
8) Hlaing Seing Kyi 1618-1632 nephew
9) Hlaing Sawng 1632-1640 son
10) Hlaing Chiang 1640-1646 bro
11) Hlaing Hong Möng 1646-1658 son of Hlaing Sawng
12) Hlaing Ko Sian 1658-1675 son
13) Hlaing Jao Sua 1675-1705 son
14) Hlaing Wen Ming 1705-1769 son
15) Hlaing Kyun Ai 1769-1773 son
16) Hlaing Pan Kyé 1773-1800 son
17) Hlaing Löng Su 1800-1822 son
18) Hlaing Yoew Wei 1822-1846 bro
19) Hlaing Htian Fu 1846-1876 son
20) Hlaing Choeng Chiang 1876-1913 son
21) Hlaing Ying Chiang 1913-1919 son
22) Hlaing Feng Chiang 1919-1947 son
23) Hlaing Hso Lin 1947-1951 son

Mong Ti

Saophas

1) 1381-1407 Thao Hkong Möng 1st Saopha
2) 1407-1426 Tai Thao Hkong Man son
3) 1426-1444 Hso Xiang Thao Hkong Han son
4) 1444-1457 Thao Loi Ying son
5) 1457-1469 Hso Thao Loi Kai son
6) 1469-1471 Thao Loi Puen bro
7) 1471-1496 Thao Loi Ku son
8) 1496-1510 Thao Loi Dia son
9) 1523-1542 Thao Loi Choeng son
10) 1542-1548 Thao Pha Choeng from Mong La
11) 1548-1567 Hso Thao Loi Choeng son of Thao Loi Choeng
12) 1567-1574 Thao Loi Tai son
13) 1574-1604 Thao Loi Liang son
14) 1604-1611 Thao Da Tai bro
15) 1611-1612 Thao Loi Chang bro
13) 1612-1621 Thao Loi Liang 2nd time older bro
16) 1621-1622 Thao Loi Ching bro
17) 1622-1633 Thao Loi Chi son of Thao Loi Liang
1633-1649 Vacant
18) 1649-1654 Thao Loi Pa bro
19) 1654-1677 Thao Choeng Xiang son
20) 1678-1720 Thao Chi Chiang son
1720-1733 Vacant
21) 1733-1737 Thao Earn Sue bro
22) 1738-1769 Thao Möng Ting son
23) 1776-1799 Thao Sam Hso son
24) 1800-1801 Hso Thao Wei Han bro
25) 1801-1826 Tai Thao Wei Kyao son
26) 1827-1843 Hso Thao Hong Chuen nephew
27) 1843-1874 Hso Thao Hong Chuen son of Hso Thao Hong Chuen
28) 1877-1904 Hso Thao Htiang Ku (Thao Htiang Ku) son
29) 1904-1940 Hso Kawng Chow (Kawng Chow) son
30) 1940-1950 Hso Kawng Htong Choeng last saopha he refugeed to Myanmar (died 1994) son

Mong Wan

Here is Tai county since 1,000 years ago in 1384, first sawbwa formal established here and Kawng Sang the common person made coup état the original descendants.

Saophas :

1) Hso Loum Hpa 1384-?
2) Hso Ching Hpa (son)
3) Hso Vien Hpa (younger brother) ?-1442 d.1446
4) Hso Chi Hpa 1442-1443 (captured in 1450) d. 1454
5) Hso Hsao Hpa
6) Hso Thao Tian Hpa
7) Kawng Chai 1444-1446 the local Tai people made coup état to the descendants royal from Möng Mao and established himself to be saopha instead the original lineage
8) Thao Tian Hpa 1446-?
(son) 9) Thao Wei Möng (son) ?-1483
10) Thao Xueng Hpa (son) 1483-1509
11) Thao Gan Hpa 1509-1529
12) Thao Kying Hpa 1529-1567
13) Thao Thao Hpa 1567-1583
14) Thao Chin Hpa 1583-1588
15) Thao Kyaung Hpa 1588-1599
16) Thao Hso Choen Hpa 1599-1602
17) Thao Ein Hpa 1602-1607
18) Thao In Hpa 1607-1649
19) Thao Ching Hpa 1649-1660
20) Thao Chu Hpa 1660-1672
21) Thao Kyaw Hpa 1672-1697
22) Thao Chan Hpa 1697-1722
23) Thao Yap Hpa 1722-1738
24) Thao Yuew Hpa 1738-1755
25) Thao Kyoen Hpa 1755-1775
26) Thao Yen Hpa 1775-1782
27) Thao Yoew Hpa 1782-1819
28) Thao Tap Hpa 1819-1844
29) Thao Kyang Hpa 1844-1869
30) Thao Wout Hpa 1869-1878
31) Thao Hsam Hpa 1878-1889
32) Thao Kyueng Hpa 1889-1906
33) Thao Kya Hpa 1906-1936
34) Thao Yanda 1936-1958

Mong La

1) Hso Kyaung Hpa 1403-1410
2) Hso Nguen Hpa 1410-1433 son
3) Pha Pik Hpa 1433-1435 son
4) Pha Lue Hpa 1435-1460 son
5) Pha Hom Hpa 1460-1471 son
6) Pha Hkaing Hpa 1471-1488 son
7) Pha Lao Hpa 1488-1530 son
8) Pha Woun Hpa 1530-1542 son
9) Pha Kyoen Hpa 1542-1574 son
10) Pha Vi Hpa 1574-1582 son
11) Pha Phiang Hpa 1582-1611 son
12) Pha Dang Hpa 1611-1619 son
13) Pha Kyo Hpa 1619-1647 son
14) Pha Chuen Hpa 1647-1685 2nd son of Pha Kyo Hpa
15) Pha Pawng Hpa 1685-1723 son
16) Pha Chai Hpa 1723-1744 son
17) Pha Hueng Hpa 1744-1760 son
18) Pha Toum Hpa 1760-1792 son
19) Pha Chaw Hpa 1788-1838 son (He ruled with Pha Toum Hpa and Pha Chi Hpa)
20) Pha Chi Hpa 1796-1814 son
21) Pha Len Hpa 1814-1839 son
22) Pha Hing Hpa 1839-1859 bro
23) Pha Xiang Hpa 1859-1878 son
24) Pha Ving Hpa 1878-1888 bro
Vacant 1888-1892
25) Pha In Hpa 1892-1909
26) Pha Klip Hpa 1909-1930 son
27) Pha Wip Hpa (Thao Chang Nyue) 1930-1949 son

Chiang Hung Sipsongpanna or Keng Hung

Chiang Hung Sipsongpanna or Keng Hung

Phanya Coeng, Paya Jueang the King of Ngoenyang Kingdom established Keng Hung in 1160

Saophas :

References

  1. ^ a b The Upper Burma Gazetteer, pp. 217–223.
  2. ^ James George Scott; John Percy Hardiman (1901). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2, Volume 2. p. 5. He was succeeded in 1012 B.E. (1650) by his younger brother, Sao Ne Ya, who reigned for thirty years. He left no children and was succeeded by his wife, who held the State for three years and then died.
  3. ^ James George Scott; John Percy Hardiman (1901). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, Part 2, Volume 2. p. 6. Hkun Hkawt, a brother of Hkun Lek, was appointed Sawbwa, but died in four years. In 1228 B.E. (1866), therefore, his youngest sister, one of the Queens, was appointed to the charge of Lai Hka with the title of Myoza. She appointed myooks and myo-teins to govern the State for her. This continued for two years and then the former Sawbwa, Hkun Mawng, now become a youth, was appointed to the State.
  4. ^ Nisbet 1901, p. 153.

Bibliography

External links

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