Maximilian or Maximillian (Maximiliaan in Dutch and Maximilien in French) is a male name.

The name "Max" is considered a shortening of "Maximilian" as well as of several other names.

List of people

Monarchs

• Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459–1519)
• Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1527–1576)
• Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1573–1651)
• Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1662–1726)
• Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria (1727–1777)
• Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (1756–1825)
• Maximilian II of Bavaria (1811–1864)
• Prince Maximilian of Baden (1867–1929)
• Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria (1808–1888)
• Maximilian I of Mexico (1832–1867)

Other royalty

• Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony (1759–1838)
• Maximilian, Margrave of Baden (1933–2022)

Saints

• Maximilian of Antioch (died c. 353), Christian martyr
• Maximilian of Lorch (died 288), Christian bishop and martyr
• Maximilian of Tebessa (274–295), Christian martyr
• Maximilian Kolbe (1894–1941), Polish Conventual Franciscan friar and martyr

Sportspeople

• Max Aarons (born 2000), English footballer
• Maximilian Abel (born 1982), professional tennis player from Germany
• Maximilian Ahlschwede (born 1990), German former professional footballer
• Maximilian Arfsten (born 2001), American professional soccer player
• Maximilian Arndt (born 1987), German bobsledder
• Maximilian Arnold (born 1994), German professional footballer
• Maximilian "Max" Baer (Maximilian Adelbert Baer), (1909-1959), American boxer and heavyweight champion
• Maximilian Bauer, multiple people
• Maximilian Beier (born 2002), German professional footballer
• Maximilian Beister (born 1990), German footballer
• Maximilian Benassi, Italian sprint canoeist
• Maximilian Beyer (born 1993), German racing cyclist
• Maximilian Brandl (born 1997), German cross-country mountain biker
• Maximilian Braune (born 2003), German professional footballer
• Maximilian Breunig (born 2000), German professional footballer
• Maximilian Buhk (born 1992), retired German racing driver
• Maximilian "Max" Chilton (born 1991), Indycar driver
• Maximilian Dahlhoff (born 1992), German footballer
• Maximilian Dallinger (born 1996), German sport shooter
• Maximilian Dietz (born 2002), American professional soccer player
• Maximilian Dimitrovici (born 1989), German ice hockey player
• Maximilian Dittgen (born 1995), German professional footballer
• Maximilian Dörnbach (born 1995), German track cyclist
• Maximilian Drum (born 1991), German footballer
• Maximilian Eggestein (born 1996), German professional footballer
• Maximilian Engl (born 1997), German professional footballer
• Maximilian Entrup (born 1997), Austrian professional footballer
• Maximilian Ferrari (born 2000), Canadian soccer player
• Maximilian Forster (born 1990), German professional ice hockey player
• Maximilian Heidegger (born 1997), American-Israeli basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
• Maximilian Günther (born 1997), German Formula E driver
• Maximilian Levy (born 1987), German track cyclist
• Maximilian Mbaeva (born 1989), Namibian footballer
• Maximillian "Max" Schmeling (1905–2005), German boxer and heavyweight champion
• Max Emilian Verstappen (born 1997), Formula 1 driver and a world champion (2021-2022)

Other people

• Maximilian Apfelbaum (d.1953), Polish-born furrier who co-founded the New York furriers Maximilian.
• Maximilian Arland (born 1981), German television presenter and singer
• Max Baer Jr. (Maximilian Adalbert Baer Jr.), American actor, screenwriter, producer, and director
• Maximilian Balzan (1637–1711), Maltese mediaeval philosopher who specialised mainly in physics and art
• Maximilian Berlitz (1852–1921), linguist and founder of the Berlitz Language Schools
• Maximilian Bern (1849–1923), German writer and editor
• Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867-1939), Swiss physician and pioneer nutritionist
• Maximilian F. Bonzano (1821–1894), German-born American government official, politician, and physician
• Maximilien "Max" Boublil (born 1979), French actor and singer
• Maximilian Braun (1850–1930), German anatomist and zoologist who specialized in the field of parasitology
• Maximillian "Max" Brooks (born 1972), American author
• Maximilian Brückner (born 1979), German actor
• Maximilian Büsser, Swiss businessman and founder of the watch brand MB&F
• Maximilian Cercha (1818–1907), Polish painter and drawer
• Maximilian Colt, Flemish sculptor who settled in England and eventually rose to become the King's Master Carver
• Maximilian Consbruch (1866-1927), German West Prussian classical philologist and gymnasium principal, known for his studies of Greek lyric and the work of Hephaestion
• Maximilian (1936–2020), stage name of American musician Maxfield Crook
• Maximilian Curtze (1837–1903), German mathematician and historian of mathematics
• Maximilian Dasio (1865-1954), German painter and medal engraver
• Maximilian Davis (born 1995), British fashion designer
• Maximilian Dimoff (born 1968), principal bassist of the Cleveland Orchestra
• Maximillian Miles Christensen, known as Maximilian Dood (born 1983), American YouTuber and Twitch streamer
• Maximilian C. Jehuda Ewert (born 1974), composer and violinist
• Maximilian Fichtner (born 1961), professor for Solid State Chemistry at the Ulm University and executive director of the Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU)
• Maximilian Fischer (1929-2019), Austrian entomologist and a specialist on parasitic wasps
• Maximilian Forte, professor of anthropology at the Concordia University Department of Sociology and Anthropology in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
• Maximilian Grabner (1905–1948), Austrian Nazi Gestapo chief in Auschwitz executed for crimes against humanity
• Maximilian Hacman (1877–1961), Romanian academic
• Maximilian Emil Hehl (1861-1916), German engineer and architect active in Brazil
• Maximilian von Jaunez (1873–1947), French-German industrialist and politician
• Maximilian List (1910 – c. 1980), German SS concentration camp commandant
• Maximilian Nitze (1848–1906), German urologist
• Maximilien Robespierre (1758–1794), politician in the French Revolution
• Maximilian Ronge (1874–1953), Austrian intelligence officer
• Maximilian Schell (1930–2014), Austrian-born Swiss actor
• Max C. Starkloff (1858–1942), American physician and Health Commissioner for St. Louis, Missouri
• Maximilian von Sevenborg (c. 1490 – c. 1538), author
• Maximilian von Weichs (1881–1954), German field marshal
• Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke (1820-1906), German entomologist

Fictional characters

• Maximillian, robot from the 1979 Disney motion picture The Black Hole
• Maximillian Arturo, a character from the television series Sliders
• Maximilien Aue, fictional SS officer from Jonathan Littell's novel The Kindly Ones
• Maximilian Bercovicz, fictional character from Once Upon A Time In America
• Maximilian Boisvert, Victorian Princess from menswear store Greenwoods
• Maximilian Goof is Max Goof's full name in Disney TV and film franchises
• Maximilian Jenius, fictional character from Macross
• Maximilien Morrel, the son of shipbuilder Pierre Morrel, from Alexandre Dumas' adventure novel The Count of Monte Cristo
• Maximillion Pegasus, fictional character on Yu-Gi-Oh!
• Maximilian Alanzo Ernesto Russo, also known as Max Russo, a character from Wizards of Waverly Place
• Maximilian Veers, Imperial general who led the assault on Echo Base in The Empire Strikes Back
• Maximilian (Maxie) Zeus, villain in Batman comic book series
• Tsar Maximilian, hero of the eponymous Russian folk-play