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((Short description|Group of Chinese martial arts))
((Other uses|Nanquan (disambiguation)((!))Nanquan))
((Original research|date=March 2021))
((More citations needed section|date=March 2021))
((Infobox martial art
| logo            =
| logocaption     =
| logosize        =
| image           = 
| imagecaption    = 
| imagesize       = 170px
| name            = Nanquan<br />南拳
| aka             = Southern Fist
| focus           = [[Strike (attack)|Striking]], weapons training
| country         = [[China]]
| creator         = No single creator, attributed to either:<BR>
* Martial arts knowledge of [[Qi Jiguang]] and [[Yu Dayou]],<ref name="CKF"/> transformed by [[Hongmen]]
* Members of [[Southern Shaolin Monastery]]''
| parenthood      = [[Shaolin Kung Fu]]
| descendant arts = * [[Hung Ga]] 
* [[Fujian White Crane]]
* [[Snake Kung Fu#Southern style (Shequan Nanpai)|Southern Snake style]]
* Lau Gar
* [[Choy Gar]]
* [[Li family kung fu|Li Gar]]
* [[Fut Gar]]
* [[Choy Li Fut]]
* [[Wing Chun]]
* [[Weng Chun]]
* [[Mok Gar]]
| famous_pract    = [[Yu Dayou]],<ref name="CKF"/> [[Qi Jiguang]],((efn|name="QiJiguangA"|He is a [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin Kung Fu]] (Taizu Changquan) practitioner who contributed to the development of the southern styles.))<ref name="CKF"/> [[Huang Junhua]], [[Phạm Quốc Khánh]], [[Willy Wang (wushu)]], [[Angie Tsang]]
| olympic         = [[Wushu (sport)]]
))
((Chinese martial arts))

'''Nanquan'''((efn|name="NanquanName"|(((zh|c=南拳|p=Nán quán|l=southern fist)), or  ((zh|c=南派|p=Nán pài|l=southern school))))) refers to a classification of [[Chinese martial arts]] that originated in [[South China|Southern China]].<ref>Lu Zhouxiang (2018), "Nanquan, literally southern boxing or southern fist... refers to various schools of martial arts in regions to the south of Yangtze River, especially in Fujian and Guangdong provinces."</ref><ref>Guangxi Wang (2012), pg. 21 & 22, "Nanquan (southern boxing) originates from a hilly, sub-tropical region. With Fujian and Guangdong as the center, it is common in the area south of the Yangtze River... The Nanquan family took shape in the early-to-mid-Qing Dynasty, from the late seventeenth to late eighteenth century. It includes hundreds of sub forms, and these are widely found in Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan and Zheijiag, as well as in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau."</ref>

The southern styles of Chinese martial arts are characterized by emphasis on "short hitting" and specific arm movements, predominantly in southern styles such as [[Hung Kuen]], [[Choi Lei Fut]], [[Hak Fu Mun]], [[Wuzuquan]], [[Wing Chun]], and so on.<ref>((cite book|author=Thomas A. Green & Joseph R. Svinth|title=Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-15-9884-244-9)) Two volumes.</ref><ref>Guangxi Wang (2012), pg. 22, "Nanquan is characterized by its strict regulation, compact movements and emphasis on lower-body. The forceful and quick Nanquan techniques require a balance between rigidity and flexibility, with rapidlychanging arm and hand positions. It is fairly unique in this aspect."</ref>

==History and development==
[[File:Ji Xiao Xin Shu; pg 464.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Unarmed fighting instructions as depicted in [[Qi Jiguang]]'s [[Jixiao Xinshu]] would form basis of Nanquan]] 
During the [[Ming dynasty]] of the 16th century, there were [[Wokou]] (Japanese pirates) active on the coast of China. At one point, Generals [[Qi Jiguang]] and [[Yu Dayou]] were stationed in [[Fuqing]] and [[Putian]] in the Central Fujian.<ref>Lu Zhouxiang (2018), "Nanquan was influenced by  Shaolin Kung Fu and the combat techniques practised by General Qi Jiguang and General Yu Dayou's soldiers in the 16th century."</ref> The local monks in those areas defended themselves using iron rods to repel the pirates. Yu Dayou and Qi Jiguang taught martial arts to the local armies and civilians to fight against the pirates, with General Qi teaching the use of [[javelin]]s, [[Knife|knives]] and other weaponry.<ref name="Guangxi Wang 2012">Guangxi Wang (2012). Chinese Kung Fu. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-05-2118-664-3.</ref><ref>From [[Jixiao Xinshu]].</ref>((additional citations needed|date=March 2021)) The fourteenth chapter of General Qi's [[Jixiao Xinshu]] includes a modified version of the 32nd posture of the [[Taizuquan#Taizuquan Changquan|Taizu Changquan]]. After Qi Jiguang left, the development of unarmed fighting methods was left for the soldiers.<ref name="Guangxi Wang 2012"/>

==Southern Shaolin Monastery==
((see|Southern Shaolin Monastery))

The Southern Shaolin Monastery is considered a significant development in the history of Shaolin Wushu in Southern China. The [[Tang dynasty]] branched from the Shaolin Temple of [[Mount Song]] to Fujian. General Qi Jiguang of the Ming dynasty would later import Taizu Changquan and other martial arts to the region.((citation needed|date=March 2021))

===The Concept of Burning (South) Shaolin Temple===

The legend about the burning of the southern Shaolin Temple was recorded in a conference catalogue of the Guangzhou Hongmen Society meeting that took place in the late Qing dynasty. It is believed that it was written based on the history of the time and the information acquired by the Hongmen at the end of the Ming dynasty.((citation needed|date=March 2021))

==Contemporary Wushu Nanquan==
The contemporary Wushu event Nanquan is a modern style created in 1960,<ref name="ILCMAE">((cite book|author=Sensei/Renshi Nathan Chlumsky|title=Inside Kungfu: Chinese Martial Arts Encyclopedia|year=2015|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-13-2911-942-0))((Self-published source|date=February 2023))</ref> and was derived from martial arts from the [[Chinese provinces]] south of the [[Yangtze River]], predominantly those styles popular in [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], [[Fujian]] and [[Zhejiang]].<ref name="CKF">((cite book|author=Guangxi Wang|title=Chinese Kung Fu|year=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-05-2118-664-3))</ref> The basis of contemporary Nánquán hails primarily from traditional Cantonese family styles of 洪 (Hung), 李 (Lei), 劉 (Lau), 莫 (Mok) and 蔡 (Choi), along with their more contemporary Kung Fu variants of [[Choi Lei Fut]], [[Hung Ga]] and [[Wing Chun]].<ref name="ILCMAE"/>

Contemporary Nanquan features vigorous, athletic movements with very stable, low stances, extensive hand techniques and a vocal articulation called ''fasheng'' ("release shout"), which is the predecessor of the Japanese and Korean martial arts ''[[kiai]]''. Power is driven from sharp waist movements with special emphasis on fast stance transition to generate power and speed in the arms. Signature hand techniques of Nanquan are the consecutive downward strikes of the left and right fist called Gua Gai Quan (''Gwa Kup Kuen''; 挂盖拳),<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=307KEPTTUt0  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/307KEPTTUt0 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Wushu Nanquan Application((snd)) Guagaiquan |publisher=UMBC Wushu |date=5 March 2015 |access-date=2016-10-09))((cbignore))</ref> and consecutive upper cuts while driving forward called Paoquan (''Pow Kuen''; 抛拳). There are relatively few kicks in Nanquan although the Tengkong Pantui Cepu (腾空盘腿度侧扑; "flying cross legs kick and land on the side") and Li Yu Da Ting (鲤鱼打挺直立; [[carp skip-up]]) are very common in advanced Nanquan routines. Nanquan also has its own contemporary weapons((snd)) the Southern Broadsword ([[Nandao]]; 南刀) and Southern Staff ([[Nangun]]; 南棍),<ref>((cite book|author=DK|title=The Sports Book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781465414540|url-access=registration|year=2013|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Ltd|isbn=978-14-0935-033-0))</ref> which were included in the International Wushu competition in 1999.

In 2003, the [[International Wushu Federation]] (IWUF) established rules of contemporary Nanquan to make jumping techniques (难度) mandatory in its Nanquan routines. Jump kicks spinning in mid-air between 360 and 720 degrees before touching the ground are now used in all IWUF Nanquan forms along with the Stationary Back Flip (原地后空翻) and the Single Step Back Tuck (单跳后空翻) for advanced IWUF competitors.

==See also==
* [[Northern and southern China]]
* [[Styles of Chinese martial arts]]
* [[Wushu (sport)]]

== Bibliography ==
((refbegin))
* ((cite book |author=Guangxi Wang|date= 2012|title= Chinese Kung Fu|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vyHTewol9pwC|publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521186643))
* ((cite book |author=Lu Zhouxiang|date= 2018|title= Politics and Identity in Chinese Martial Arts|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ctFfDwAAQBAJ|publisher= Routledge|isbn=9781351610032))
* ((cite book|author=Benjamin N. Judkins & Jon Nielson|title=The Creation of Wing Chun: A Social History of the Southern Chinese Martial Arts|year=2015|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1438456959|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ub00CgAAQBAJ))
((refend))

==Notes==
((reflist|group=lower-alpha))

==References==
((reflist))

((Wushu (sport)))

[[Category:Events in wushu]]

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