This is an overview of the paleoflora of the Eocene Messel Formation as explored by the Messel Pit excavations in Germany. A former quarry and UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Messel Formation preserves what once were a series of lakes surrounded by sub-tropical rainforest during the Middle Eocene, approximately 47 Ma.[1]
Several major monographs on the paleoflora have been published since the early 1900s, with Hermann Engelhardt[2] followed by Heidemarie Thiele-Pfeiffer in 1988[3][4] who provided the first in-depth palynological revision and expansion. Most recently Margaret Collinson, Steven Manchester, and Volker Wilde collaborated to study and redescribe the flowers, fruits, seeds, and other reproductive organs of the formation, with the monograph being published in 2011.[5]
producing the first leaf monograph in 1922,Only a single dinoflagellate taxon has been described formally from the Messel formation. Based on the predominance in layers where heavy nearshore runoff or slippage is present, its suggested Messelodinium thielepfeifferae was likely an inhabitant of warm nearshore waters in the adult stage or wind and wave action resulted in large accumulation of the cysts. M. thielepfeifferae populations are most prevalent in the older layers of the lake, when it was suggested to be holomictic and become absent in the youngest layers when green algae become dominant with the lake shifting to meromictic conditions and the water chemistry changed.[6]
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Messelodinium |
†Messelodinium thielepfeifferae[6] |
Lenz et al., 2007 |
Olaf Lenz et al (2011) briefly noted the presence of the Zygnemataceae fossil genus Ovoidites, but only gave general population densities with no enumeration on species information.[7]
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Ovoidites |
Undescribed[7] |
A minor Charophyte green algae component of the Messel Formation. |
Several chlorophyte green algae are identified from the Messel Formation, with the greatest concentrations being found in the youngest layers. In the older layers Tetraedron minimum is a distinct component of the yearly varves in the lake, with large blooms occurring to form the lighter summer portions of the varve couplets.[7] In the younger layers, Botryococcus species become the most prolific, having taken over as a major phytoplankton taxon from T. minimum and the dinoflagellate Messelodinium thielepfeifferae.[8][6]
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kützing |
|||||
Tetraedron minimum[7] |
(A. Braun) Hansgirg |
A chlorophyte green algae |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asplenium sp.[2] |
Fern pinnuels attributed to Asplenium |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Doliostrobaceae |
†Doliostrobus |
†Doliostrobus taxiformis[5] |
(Sternberg) Z. Kvaček emend. Kunzmann |
A conifer of possible cupressaceous affinities |
|
†Podozamites eocaenica[2] |
Engelhardt |
Possible podocarpaceous foliage |
|||
†Cephalotaxus messelensis[9] |
Wilde |
A plum yew species |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Nuphaea engelhardtii[10] |
Gee & Taylor, 2018 |
A transitional nymphaealean water lily genus |
|||
Incertae sedis |
Incertae sedis |
Incertae sedis[5] |
Seeds of possible nymphaealean affinity |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lauraceae |
†Laurocarpum |
†Laurocarpum sp.[5] |
Seeds of lauraceous affinity |
||
†Laurophyllum |
†Laurophyllum lanigeroides[11] |
(Engelhardt) Wilde |
A lauraceous leaf morphotaxon |
||
incertae sedis |
incertae sedis[5] |
Seeds of lauraceous affinity |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnoliaceae | Magnolia |
Magnolia sp.[5] |
A Magnolia species fruit |
||
Magnolia sp.[5] |
Magnolia species seeds |
||||
†Myristicacarpum |
Myristicacarpum sp.[5] |
A Myristicacarpum species seed |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Araceae | †Araciphyllites |
†Araciphyllites tertiarius[12] |
(Engelhardt) Wilde, Z. Kvaček & Bogner, 2005 |
An araceous leaf |
|
†Araciphyllites schaarschmidtii[12] |
Wilde, Z. Kvaček & Bogner, 2005 |
An araceous leaf |
|||
†Caladiosoma |
†Caladiosoma messelense[12] |
Wilde, Z. Kvaček & Bogner, 2005 |
An araceous leaf |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arecaceae |
Arecocaryon |
(Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde) Doweld |
Palm species fruits |
||
†Calamopsis |
A Palm leaf |
||||
Incertae sedis |
incertae sedis[5] |
Pinnate palm leaves of possible lepidocaryoid tribal affinity. |
|||
incertae sedis[5] |
Palmate palm leaves of uncertain tribal affinity. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smilacaceae | Smilax |
†Smilax grandifolia[2] |
Unger |
A greenbrier |
|
†Smilax lingulata[2] |
Heer |
A greenbrier |
|||
†Smilax ovata[2] |
Wess. |
A greenbrier |
|||
†Smilax reticulata[2] |
Heer |
A greenbrier |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. Y. Smith, Collinson & Rudall, 2008 |
A Cyclanthus species |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Volkeria |
Smith et al., 2009 |
A mapanioid sedge |
|||
†Phragmites oeningensis[2] |
A.Braun ex Heer |
A grass foliage |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meliosma sp.[5] |
A Meliosma species seed |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Menispermaceae |
†Cocculus lottii[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
A Cocculus species endocarp |
||
†Diploclisia rugulosa[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
A Diploclisia species seed |
|||
†Karinschmidtia |
†Karinschmidtia rotulae[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
A menispermaceous endocarp |
||
†Martinmuellera |
†Martinmuellera tuberculata[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
A menispermaceous genus seed |
||
†Palaeosinomenium |
†Palaeosinomenium ornamentum[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
A menispermaceous endocarp |
||
†Palaeosinomenium venablesii[5] |
Chandler, 1961 |
A menispermaceous endocarp |
|||
†Palaeosinomenium sp.[5] |
A menispermaceous endocarp |
||||
A menispermaceous endocarp |
|||||
?Pericampylus sp.[5] |
A tentative Pericampylus species endocarp. |
||||
†Stephania hootae[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
A Stephania species seed |
|||
†Tinomiscoidea |
†Tinomiscoidea jacquesii[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
A menispermaceous endocarp |
||
†Wardensheppeya |
†Wardensheppeya sp.[5] |
A menispermaceous endocarp |
|||
incertae sedis |
incertae sedis[5] |
menispermaceous endocarp of Tinosporeae subfamily affinity |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toricellia |
†Toricellia bonesii[5] |
(Manchester) Manchester |
A Toricellia species. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alangium sp.[5] |
An Alangium species likely belonging to Alangium sect. Marlea. |
||||
†Cornus orbifera[16] |
Heer |
A dogwood species |
|||
Nyssaceae |
Cf. †Beckettia |
incertae sedis[5] |
A germination valve similar to Beckettia |
||
†Eomastixia |
An endocarp similar to Eomastixia rugosa |
||||
incertae sedis[5] |
A possible Mastixia endocarp and mesocarp |
||||
†Mastixiopsis |
†Mastixiopsis nyssoides[5] |
Kirchheimer |
A nyssaceous endocarp |
||
Nyssa |
†Nyssa disseminata[5] |
(R. Ludw.) Kirchheimer |
A nyssaceous endocarp with germination valve |
||
†Nyssa europaea[16] |
Unger |
A nyssaceous species |
|||
†Nyssa ornithobroma[16] |
Unger |
A nyssaceous species |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
incertae sedis[5] |
A Cleyera species. |
||||
†Symplocos minutula[17] |
(Sternberg) Kirchheimer |
A Symplocos species fruit. |
|||
†Camelliacarpoidea |
†Camelliacarpoidea messelensis[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
A theaceous species. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Cypselites |
incertae sedis[5] |
A Cypselites species |
|||
†Darmstadtia |
Darmstadtia biseriata[5] |
A catalpa species. |
|||
Icacinaceae | †Palaeohosiea |
†Palaeohosiea bilinica[5] |
(Ettingshausen) Kvaček & Bůžek |
A phytocrenaceous species. |
|
incertae sedis[5] |
A Palaeohosiea endocarp. |
||||
incertae sedis[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
A Cleyera species. |
|||
†Icacinicarya |
Icacinicarya densipunctata[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
An icacinaceous species. |
||
Icacinicarya tiffneyi[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
An icacinaceous species. |
|||
incertae sedis[5] |
An Icacinicarya endocarp. |
||||
incertae sedis[5] |
An endocarp similar to Natsiatum. |
||||
†Palaeophytocrene |
incertae sedis[5] |
A Palaeophytocrene endocarp. |
|||
†Phytocrene punctilinearis[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
A Phytocrene species. |
|||
Pyrenacantha |
"Species 1"[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
An unnamed Pyrenacantha species. |
||
"Species 2"[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
An unnamed Pyrenacantha species. |
|||
incertae sedis[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
An endocarp similar to Pyrenacantha. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A hemp relative fruit. |
|||||
Celastraceae | Celastrus |
†Celastrus elaenus[18] |
Unger |
A Celastrus species. |
|
†Celastrus friedrichi[18] |
Wonnacott |
A Celastrus species. |
|||
†Celastrus illicinoides[18] |
Engelhardt |
A Celastrus species. |
|||
†Celastrus oxyphyllus[18] |
Unger |
A Celastrus species. |
|||
Elaeodendron |
†Elaeodendron degener[18] |
(Unger) Ettingshausen |
An Elaeodendron species. |
||
†Elaeodendron dryadum[18] |
Ettingshausen |
An Elaeodendron species. |
|||
†Elaeodendron obovatifolium[18] |
Engelhardt |
An Elaeodendron species. |
|||
†Euonymus heerii[18] |
Ettingshausen |
An Euonymus species. |
|||
†Sloanea messelensis[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
A Sloanea species fruit. |
|||
†Euphorbiotheca |
†Euphorbiotheca gothii[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
Trilocular euphorb fruits. |
||
Fabaceae |
†Mimosites |
†Mimosites spiegeli[5] |
Engelhardt |
A caesalpinioid legume species pod. |
|
†Leguminocarpon |
†Leguminocarpon herendeenii[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
A legume species pod. |
||
†Leguminocarpon sp.[5] |
Legume species pods. |
||||
Juglandaceae |
†Cruciptera |
†Cruciptera schaarschmidtii[5] |
Manchester, Collinson, & Goth |
A juglandaceous winged fruit. |
|
†Hooleya |
†Hooleya sp.[5] |
A juglandaceous fruiting raceme. |
|||
†Palaeocarya |
†Palaeocarya sp.[5] |
A juglandaceous fruit. |
|||
†Berchemia mellerae[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
||||
†Prunus pereger[19] |
Unger |
A cherry relative |
|||
†Cedrelospermum |
†Cedrelospermum leptospermum[5] |
(Ettingshausen) Manchester emend. Wilde & Manchester |
An ulmaceous elm relative fruit. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anacardiaceae |
†Anacardium germanicum[5] |
Manchester, Wilde & Collinson |
A cashew species. |
||
†Lannea hessenensis[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
A Lannea species. |
|||
†Mangifera tertiaria[20] |
Ettingshausen |
A mango relative. |
|||
†Pentoperculum |
†Pentoperculum minimus[5] |
(Reid & Chandler) Manchester |
A spondiadeous cashew relative. |
||
†Pleiogynium mitchellii[5] |
(Reid & Chandler) Manchester |
A Pleiogynium species. |
|||
Rhus |
†Rhus meriani[20] |
Heer |
A sumac relative. |
||
†Rhus saportana[20] |
Pilar |
A sumac relative. |
|||
†Rhus ternata[20] |
Engelhardt |
A sumac relative. |
|||
†Tapiscia pusilla[5] |
(Reid & Chandler) Mai |
A Tapiscia species fruit. |
|||
Burseraceae |
†Bursericarpum |
†Bursericarpum species[5] |
A Bursericarpum species endocarp. |
||
Canarium sp.[5] |
A Canarium species endocarp. |
||||
Malvaceae | †Byttneriopsis |
†Byttneriopsis daphnogenes[21] |
(Ettingshausen) Kvaček & Wilde |
A malvaceous leaf morphotaxon |
|
†Byttneriopsis spiegelii[21] |
(Ettingshausen) Kvaček & Wilde |
A malvaceous leaf morphotaxon |
|||
†Byttneriopsis steuerii[21] |
Kvaček & Wilde |
A malvaceous leaf morphotaxon |
|||
Rutaceae |
†Rutaspermum |
†Rutaspermum chandleri[5] |
Collinson & Gregor |
A citrus family seed. |
|
†Toddalia ovata[22] |
Wilde |
A Toddalia leaf morphospecies |
|||
incertae sedis[5] |
A Seed similar to Toddalia. |
||||
Sapindaceae |
†Dodonaea salicites[23] |
Ettingshausen |
A Dodonaea species |
||
Sapindus |
†Sapindus cupanioides[23] |
Ettingshausen |
A Sapindus species |
||
†Sapindus dubius[23] |
Unger |
A Sapindus species |
|||
†Sapindus firmifolius[23] |
Engelhardt |
A Sapindus species |
|||
†Sapindus heliconius[23] |
Unger |
A Sapindus species |
|||
†Thouinia occidentalis[23] |
Engelhardt |
A Thouinia species |
|||
†Ailanthus confucii[5] |
Unger |
An Ailanthus seed. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incertae sedis[5] |
Seeds of similar morphology to Decodon[5] Not identified to species |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Steinhauera subglobosa[5] |
Presl emend Mai, 1968 |
A sweet gum species. |
|||
Hamamelidaceae |
†Mytilaria boglei[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
A Mytilaria species infructecence. |
||
Corylopsis |
†Corylopsis maii[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
A winter hazel species infructecence. |
||
†Corylopsis waltheri[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
Isolated winter hazel species seeds. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitaceae |
Ampelopsis sp.[5] |
A peppervine species seed. |
|||
†Cayratia jungii[5] |
(Gregor) Chen & Manchester |
A Cayratia species seed. |
|||
†Crassivitisemen |
†Crassivitisemen wildei[5] |
(Chen & Manchester) Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde |
Vitaceous species fruits and seeds. |
||
†Palaeovitis |
†Palaeovitis sp.[5] |
A vitaceous species seed. |
|||
†Parthenocissus britannica[5] |
(Heer) Chandler, 1957 |
Virginia creeper species fruits and seeds. |
|||
†Vitis messelensis[5] |
Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde, 2012 |
Grape species fruits and seeds. |
Carpolitus is a plant morphogenus circumscribed for fossil fruits and seeds that are distinct but not identifiable to defined taxa. Collinson, Manchester, & Wilde (2012) described but did not name 63 distinct Carpolithus morphotypes from the Messel Formation.
Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
†Carpolithus |
†Carpolithus anacardiaceus[20] |
Engelhardt |
Doubtfully referred to Anacardiaceae per Edwards & Wonnacott (1935) |
|
†Carpolithus callosaeoides[5] |
(Engelhardt) |
A Carpolithus species with thick woody tissues |
||
†Carpolithus drupaceus[19] |
Engelhardt |
A fruit of possible rosaceous affinity |
||
†Carpolithus euphoriaeoides[23] |
Engelhardt |
A Carpolithus species fruit |
||
†Carpolithus sapindiformis[23] |
Engelhardt |
A Carpolithus species fruit |
||
†Carpolithus sapindoides[23] |
Engelhardt |
A Carpolithus species fruit |
||
Species 1–62[5] |
various distinct morphotypes |
|||
incertae sedis[24] |
A Lagokarpos species winged fruit |
|||
†Saportaspermum |
A Saportaspermum species winged seed |
|||
†Spirellea |
†incertae sedis[5] |
A Spirellea species seed |
The first foray into Messel palynology was produced by H. D. Pflug (1952)[25] with follow-up papers in 1957[26] and coauthored with P. Thomas in 1953.[27] The pollen and spore record was revised and expanded by Heidemarie Thiele-Pfeiffer (1988)[4] who provided the largest in depth palynological work focusing exclusively on the Messel Formation.
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Baculatisporites |
†Baculatisporites primarius[3] |
(Wolff) Thomson & Pflug |
A royal fern palynospecies |
||
Polypodiaceae | †Polypodiaceoisporites |
†Polypodiaceoisporites gracillimus[3] |
Nagy |
Fern spores polypodiaceous affinity |
|
†Polypodiaceoisporites lusaticus[3] |
Krutzsch |
Fern spores polypodiaceous affinity |
|||
Schizaeaceae | †Cicatricosisporites |
†Cicatricosisporites dorogensis[3] |
Potonié & Gelletich |
A schizaeaceous fern palynospecies |
|
†Cicatricosisporites paradorogensis[3] |
Krutzsch |
A schizaeaceous fern palynospecies |
|||
†Microfoveolatosporis |
†Microfoveolatosporis granuloides[3] |
(Krutzsch) Krutzsch |
A schizaeaceous fern palynospecies |
||
†Ischyosporites |
†Ischyosporites tertiarius[3] |
Krutzsch |
A palynospecies of possible schizaeaceous fern affinity |
||
incertae sedis | †Laevigatosporites |
†Laevigatosporites discordatus[3] |
Pflug |
A palynospecies of possible Schizaeaceae or Polypodiaceae S. L. affinity |
|
†Laevigatosporites haardtii[3] |
(Potonié & Venitz) Thomson & Pflug |
A palynospecies of possible Schizaeaceae or Polypodiaceae S. L. affinity |
|||
†Leiotriletes |
Kedves |
Fern spores of Schizaeaceae or Polypodiaceae S. L. affinity |
|||
Krutzsch |
Fern spores of Schizaeaceae or Polypodiaceae S. L. affinity |
||||
Krutzsch |
Fern spores of Schizaeaceae or Polypodiaceae S. L. affinity |
||||
Murriger & Pflug |
Fern spores of Schizaeaceae or Polypodiaceae S. L. affinity |
||||
Fern spores of Schizaeaceae and Polypodiaceae S. L. affinity |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Echinatisporis |
†Echinatisporis hungaricus[3] |
Kedves |
A spikemoss palynospecies |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cupressaceae |
†Cupressacites |
†Cupressacites insulipapillatus[3] |
(Trevisan) Krutzsch |
A taxodioid cypress family palynospecies |
|
†Inaperturopollenites |
†Inaperturopollenites concedipites[3] |
(Wodehouse) Krutzsch |
A taxodioid cypress family palynospecies |
||
†Inaperturopollenites verrupapillatus[3] |
Trevisan |
A taxodioid cypress family palynospecies |
|||
Pinaceae | †Pityosporites |
(Potonié) Thomson & Pflug |
A pine family palynomorph. |
||
†Pityosporites microalatus[3] |
(Potonié) Thomson Pflug |
A pine family palynomorph. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Monocolpopollenites |
†Monocolpopollenites crassiexinus[3] |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A waterlily family palynospecies |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Emmapollis |
†Emmapollis pseudoemmaensis[3] |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A chloranthaceous palynomorph |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Magnolipollis |
†Magnolipollis magnolioides[3] |
Krutzsch |
A magnolia family palynospecies |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Punctilongisulcites |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A frogbit palynomorph |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Monocolpopollenites |
†Monocolpopollenites tranquillus[3] |
(Potonié) Thomson & Pflug |
A palm family palynospecies |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyperaceae | †Cyperaceaepollis |
†Cyperaceaepollis germanicus[3] |
Krutzsch |
A sedge family palynospecies |
|
Unnamed[3] |
Krutzsch |
A sedge family palynomorph |
|||
Restionaceae | †Milfordia |
†Milfordia incerta |
(Thomson & Pflug) Krutzsch |
A restiad family palynospecies |
|
†Milfordia minima |
Krutzsch |
A restiad family palynospecies |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aquifoliaceae | †Ilexpollenites |
†Ilexpollenites iliacus[3] |
(Potonié) Thiergart |
A holly family pollen |
|
†Ilexpollenites margaritatus[3] |
(Potonié) Thiergart |
A holly family pollen |
|||
†Ilexpollenites propinquus[3] |
(Potonié) Potonié |
A holly family pollen |
|||
Araliaceae | †Araliaceoipollenites |
†Araliaceoipollenites euphori[3] |
(Potonié) Potonié |
An araliaceous pollen |
|
†Araliaceoipollenites reticuloides[3] |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
An araliaceous pollen |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Nyssapollenites |
†Nyssapollenites kruschii[3] |
Potonié |
A nyssaceous palyspecies. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ericaceae | †Ericipites |
†Ericipites callidus[7] |
(Potonié) Krutzsch |
A heather/heath family palynomorph |
|
†Ericipites ericius[7] |
(Potonié) Potonié |
A heather/heath family palynomorph |
|||
†Porocolpopollenites |
†Porocolpopollenites rarobaculatus[3] |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A sweetleaf family palynospecies. |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Compositoipollenites |
†Compositoipollenites rhizophorus[3] |
(Potonié) Potonié |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olacaceae |
†Anacolosidites |
†Anacolosidites efflatus[3] |
(Potonié) Erdtman |
An anacoloseous palynospecies |
|
†Olaxipollis |
An olacaceous palynomorph |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Polyvestibulopollenites |
†Polyvestibulopollenites verus[3] |
(Potonié) Thomson & Pflug |
A betulaceous palyonospecies |
||
Cannabaceae | †Celtipollenites |
†Celtipollenites intrastructurus[3] |
(Krutzsch & Vanhoorne) Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A hemp family palynospecies |
|
†Celtipollenites laevigatus[3] |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A hemp family palynospecies |
|||
Juglandaceae | †Caryapollenites |
†Caryapollenites circulus[3] |
(Pflug) Krutzsch |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
|
A Walnut family palynospecies |
|||||
†Labraferoidaepollenites |
Kedves |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
|||
†Momipites |
†Momipites punctatus[3] |
(Potonié) Nagy |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
||
†Momipites quietus[3] |
(Potonié) Nichols |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
|||
†Nudopollis |
†Nudopollis terminalis[3] |
(Thomson & Pflug) Pflug |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
||
†Platycaryapollenites |
†Platycaryapollenites miocaenicus[3] |
Nagy |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
||
†Platycaryapollenites platycaryoides[3] |
(Roche) Kedves |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
|||
†Platycaryapollenites semicyclus[3] |
(Krutzsch & Vanhoorne) Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
|||
†Platycaryapollenites sp.[7] |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
||||
†Plicatopollis |
†Plicatopollis hungaricus[3] |
Kedves |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
||
†Plicatopollis plicatus[3] |
(Potonié) Krutzsch |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
|||
†Plicatopollis pseudoexcelsus[3] |
Krutzsch |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
|||
†Plicatopollis Sp.[3] |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
||||
†Pterocaryapollenites |
†Pterocaryapollenites stellatus[3] |
(Potonié) Thiergart |
A Walnut family palynospecies |
||
†Plicatopollis |
†Plicatopollis lunatus[3] |
Kedves |
A palynospecies of possible juglandaceous affinity |
||
Ulmaceae | †Polyporopollenites |
†Polyporopollenites eoulmoides[3] |
Krutzsch & Vanhoorne |
An elm family palynospecies |
|
†Polyporopollenites undulosus[3] |
(Wolf) Thomson & Pflug |
An elm family palynospecies |
|||
†Polyporopollenites verrucatus[3] |
(Wolf) Thomson & Pflug |
An elm family palynospecies |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malvaceae | †Bombacacidites |
†Bombacacidites tilioides[3] |
Krutzsch |
||
†Bombacacidites Sp.1[3] |
A bombacoid palynomorph |
||||
†Bombacacidites Sp.2[3] |
A bombacoid palyonomorph |
||||
†Intratriporopollenites |
†Intratriporopollenites minimus[3] |
Mai |
A tilioid palynospecies |
||
A tilioid palynomorph |
|||||
†Pseudospinaepollis |
†Pseudospinaepollis pseudospinosus[3] |
Krutzsch |
A thymelaeaceous palynospecies |
Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lythraceae | †Lythraceaepollenites |
†Lythraceaepollenites minimus[3] |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A myrtle family palynospecies |
|
†Lythraceaepollenites sp.[3] |
A myrtle family palynospecies |
Genus | Species | Authority | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
†Brosipollis |
†Brosipollis striatobrosus[3] |
(Krutzsch) Krutzsch |
Possible affinity is to Gomphandra (Icacinaceae) or Burseraceae |
|
†Compositoipollenites |
†Compositoipollenites minimus[3] |
(Krutzsch & Vanhoorne) |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|
†Labrapollis |
†Labrapollis labraferus[3] |
(Potonié) Krutzsch |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|
†Multiporopollenites |
†Multiporopollenites microreticulatus[3] |
Krutzsch |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|
†Multiporopollenites Sp.1[3] |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|||
†Multiporopollenites Sp.2[3] |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|||
†Pentapollenites |
†Pentapollenites pentangulus[3] |
(Pflug) Krutzsch |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|
†Pentapollenites punctoides[3] |
Krutzsch |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
||
†Pentapollenites Sp.1[3] |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|||
†Pentapollenites Sp.2[3] |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|||
†Pollenites |
†Pollenites setarius[3] |
Potonié |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|
†Pompeckjoidaepollenites |
†Pompeckjoidaepollenites subhercynicus[3] |
(Krutzsch) Krutzsch |
A palynomorph species of uncertain affiliation. |
|
†Tricolporopollenites |
†Tricolporopollenites messelensis[7] |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A palynomorph with suggested affinity to Oleaceae or Rutaceae |
|
†Tricolporopollenites solé de portai[7] |
Thiele-Pfeiffer |
A palynomorph with suggested affinity to Rosaceae |