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((Short description|German military aircraft manufacturer))
((more citations needed|date=November 2016))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2019))
((Infobox company
| name             = Panavia Aircraft GmbH
| logo             = Panavia consortium roundel.svg
| logo_size        = 100px
| image            = RAF Tornado GR4 MOD 45155233.jpg
| image_caption    = The [[Panavia Tornado]], the company's primary product
| type             = [[Joint venture]]
| industry         = [[Aerospace]]
| foundation       = 29 March 1969
| location_city    = [[Hallbergmoos]]
| location_country = Germany
| key_people       = Dr. Welf-Werner Degel<br />[[Jeffrey Quill]]
| area_served      = UK, Italy, Germany
| products         = [[Panavia Tornado]]<br />[[Panavia Tornado ADV]]
| parent           = ((plainlist|
* [[Airbus]] (42.5%)
* [[BAE Systems]] (42.5%)
* [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]] (15%)
))
| homepage         = ((URL|panavia.de))
))

'''Panavia Aircraft GmbH''' is a German company established by the three partner states of the [[Panavia Tornado|Tornado]] [[Multirole combat aircraft|Multi Role Combat Aircraft]] (MRCA) project: [[West Germany]], [[Italy]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]].

== Structure ==
The company was based and registered in [[West Germany]]. Since its founding the company is based in [[Hallbergmoos]], a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] in the district of [[Freising (district)|Freising]] in [[Upper Bavaria]], [[Germany]].

In a similar arrangement, development of the Tornado's [[RB199]] turbofans is undertaken by the multinational [[Turbo-Union]] Limited based in the UK (Moor Lane, [[Derby]]).

The partner companies are:
* 42.5% [[Airbus]] ([[Airbus Defence and Space]])
* 42.5% [[BAE Systems]] ([[BAE Systems Military Air & Information]])
* 15% [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]]

== History ==
[[File:Tornado GR4s, 617 Squadron 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Royal Air Force|RAF]] [[Panavia Tornado]]s over [[Iraq]].]]

In the late 1960s, the British, German and Italian main defence companies looked at developing a strike aircraft together. The West Germans and Italians wanted a more short-range battlefield aircraft (something like the current [[Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II|A-10]]), but the British, specifically [[Air Chief Marshal]] [[Derek Hodgkinson]], argued for a more long range aircraft. Negotiations took place in London, Bonn and Munich.

The NATO Multirole Combat Aircraft Development and Production Management Agency (NAMMA) was established to manage development and production of the Tornado. It was initially based in the same building as Panavia.

=== Formation ===

Panavia was established in 1969 by the [[British Aircraft Corporation]], [[Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm]] (which had formed the year before) and [[Fiat Aviazione]] (which became [[Aeritalia]] that year). It was planned to produce more than 1,000 aircraft. An aircraft was needed to counter the perceived threat from Russian aircraft such as the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25|MiG-25]] Foxbat and the [[Sukhoi Su-15|Su-15]] Flagon aircraft, which had been in service since around 1967. A multi-purpose aircraft was needed to allow a long production run and to lower costs per aircraft ([[unit price]]). In 1970, the unit cost was expected to be only $2.9m.

Around 1965, the UK ([[British Aircraft Corporation|BAC]]) had been negotiating with France ([[Dassault Aviation]]) to produce the [[AFVG]] (Anglo-French Variable Geometry), which looked remarkably similar to what became the Tornado. The project failed due to the French manufacturer wanting to produce its own all-French variable geometry aircraft (the experimental [[Dassault Mirage G]]) which first flew in 1967, and never entered service, being cancelled in the 1970s. [[Marcel Dassault]] later saw the Panavia project as a direct threat to his company. Another Anglo-French defence project of the late 1960s was the [[SEPECAT Jaguar]].

In 1959, the French and West Germans had collaborated to form [[Transall]], which produced the [[Transall C-160]] transport aircraft in 1963.

Canada and the Netherlands withdrew from the project in 1969 for financial reasons. The first Chairman was [[Allen Greenwood]], of BAC in [[Weybridge]].<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/technology-obituaries/5675307/Allen-Greenwood.html | title=Allen Greenwood | newspaper=The Telegraph | date=28 June 2009 | access-date=11 November 2020))</ref>

In 1989, the German involvement became [[DaimlerChrysler Aerospace]] (DASA). On 15 September 1986, the Munich offices (which also housed the Bavarian State Office for Environmental Protection) were damaged by a bomb.

=== Panavia Tornado ===

[[File:Tornado f3 ze764 kemble arp.jpg|thumb|In swept wing configuration]]
[[File:Tailpiece.jpg|thumb|RAF aircraft]]

The aircraft was originally known as the MRA-75, the MRCA and the ACA. Design work began in May 1969. By 1970, it was known as the Panavia 100, with the two-seat version being the Panavia 200. The RAF was to have the two-seat version. The avionics on the aircraft were developed by another ''ad hoc'' European company, Avionica, formed by [[Elliott Brothers (computer company)|Elliott]] (UK), Elektronik System (West Germany) and [[Società Italiana Aviazione|SIA]] (Italy).

The Tornado first flew in 1974. The first director of flight operations was [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] [[Roland Beamont]]. Marketing of the plane was directed by [[Jeffrey Quill]] from 1969–76, who had been head of marketing at SEPECAT. The RAF flew a variant, the [[Panavia Tornado ADV]], with a larger [[Marconi Electronic Systems|GEC-Marconi]] [[AI.24 Foxhunter]] radar, implemented in the mid-1970s with the involvement of [[Air Chief Marshal]] Sir [[Neil Wheeler]]. Another variant was the Tornado ECR (Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance), developed for the Luftwaffe, and proposed to be sold to the US in 1985. Its all-weather capabilities at the time were unmatched in the world.((Citation needed|date=June 2011))

The Tornado aircraft is expected to remain in service until at least 2025. That would be more than fifty years after it first flew. The Tornado for the RAF and RSAF was assembled at [[Warton Aerodrome]], then owned by [[British Aerospace]].

=== Common organisations ===
The Tornado management model was adopted for the European Fighter Aircraft, which is now in production as the [[Eurofighter Typhoon]]. The NAMMA was replaced by the [[NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency]] (NETMA), which is the prime contractor for the Eurofighter Weapon System and continued development of the Tornado.

In the 1970s, [[Euromissile]] was formed by West Germany and [[Aérospatiale]] of France. This company now has a similar mix to Panavia, and also includes the French, being known as [[MBDA]].

== References ==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [http://www.panavia.de/ Official site]
* [https://www.baesystems.com/en/heritage/panavia Panavia GmbH at BAE Systems website]

((Authority control))

[[Category:Aerospace companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Aircraft manufacturers of Germany]]
[[Category:Defence companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Companies based in Upper Bavaria]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1969]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in West Germany]]
[[Category:Aviation in Germany]]
[[Category:Airbus joint ventures]]
[[Category:BAE Systems joint ventures]]
[[Category:German companies established in 1969]]

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